Testing means-tested aid
Open accessThe claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The evidence on heterogeneity by family income is suggestive of larger effects for low-income students, all else equal.
“The evidence on heterogeneity by family income is suggestive of larger effects for low-income students, all else equal.”
From College Costs, Financial Aid, and Student Decisions (2022) · cites this paper as Murphy & Wyness, 2022
Murphy & Wyness (2022) find larger effects of institutional bursaries for higher-ability students.
“though Murphy & Wyness (2022) find larger effects of institutional bursaries for higher-ability students.”
From College Costs, Financial Aid, and Student Decisions (2022) · cites this paper as Murphy & Wyness (2022)
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Manipulation of the Running Variable in the Regression Discontinuity Design: A Density Test,
McCrary, J. (2008) · Journal of Econometrics · doi:10.1016/j.jeconom.2007.05.005 · Cited by 3,600 · see citing works
Training, Wages, and Sample Selection: Estimating Sharp Bounds on Treatment Effects
Lee, D. S. (2009) · The Review of Economic Studies · doi:10.1111/j.1467-937x.2009.00536.x · Cited by 1,416 · see citing works
Bettinger, E. P., Long, B. T., Oreopoulos, P., & Sanbonmatsu, L. (2012) · The Quarterly Journal of Economics · doi:10.1093/qje/qjs017 · Cited by 953 · see citing works
Instrument Relevance in Multivariate Linear Models: A Simple Measure
Shea, J. (1997) · The Review of Economics and Statistics · doi:10.1162/rest.1997.79.2.348 · Cited by 855 · see citing works
The Impact of Family Income on Child Achievement: Evidence from the Earned Income Tax Credit
Dahl, G. B., & Lochner, L. (2012) · American Economic Review · doi:10.1257/aer.102.5.1927 · Cited by 832 · see citing works
Does Aid Matter? Measuring the Effect of Student Aid on College Attendance and Completion
Dynarski, S. M. (2003) · American Economic Review · doi:10.1257/000282803321455287 · Cited by 818 · see citing works
A weak instrument F -test in linear IV models with multiple endogenous variables
Sanderson, E. C. M., & Windmeijer, F. A. G. (2015) · Journal of Econometrics · doi:10.1016/j.jeconom.2015.06.004 · Cited by 752 · see citing works
Van Der Klaauw, W. (2002) · International Economic Review · doi:10.1111/1468-2354.t01-1-00055 · Cited by 722 · see citing works
The Effect of Parental Transfers and Borrowing Constraints on Educational Attainment
Keane, M. P., & Wolpin, K. I. (2001) · International Economic Review · doi:10.1111/1468-2354.00146 · Cited by 679 · see citing works
Manipulation Testing Based on Density Discontinuity
Cattaneo, M. D., Michael Jansson, C., & Ma, X. (2018) · The Stata Journal Promoting communications on statistics and Stata · doi:10.1177/1536867x1801800115 · Cited by 678 · see citing works
The Changing Role of Family Income and Ability in Determining Educational Achievement
Belley, P., & Lochner, L. (2007) · Journal of Human Capital · doi:10.1086/524674 · Cited by 532 · see citing works
The Enrollment Effects of Merit‐Based Financial Aid: Evidence from Georgia’s HOPE Program
Cornwell, C. M., Mustard, D. B., & Sridhar, D. J. (2006) · Journal of Labor Economics · doi:10.1086/506485 · Cited by 386 · see citing works
Cohodes, S. R., & Goodman, J. S. (2014) · American Economic Journal: Applied Economics · doi:10.1257/app.6.4.251 · Cited by 359 · see citing works
The nature of credit constraints and human capital
Lochner, L. J., & Monge-Naranjo, A. (2011) · American Economic Review · doi:10.1257/aer.101.6.2487 · Cited by 347 · see citing works
Improving college access in the United States: Barriers and policy responses
Page, L. C., & Scott-Clayton, J. (2016) · Economics of Education Review · doi:10.1016/j.econedurev.2016.02.009 · Cited by 328 · see citing works
Scott-Clayton, J. (2011) · The Journal of Human Resources · doi:10.1353/jhr.2011.0013 · Cited by 314 · see citing works
Goldrick‐Rab, S., Kelchen, R., Harris, D. N., & Benson, J. (2016) · American Journal of Sociology · doi:10.1086/685442 · Cited by 309 · see citing works
Widening Participation in Higher Education: Analysis Using Linked Administrative Data
Chowdry, H., Crawford, C., Dearden, L., Goodman, A. T., & Vignoles, A. F. (2012) · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A (Statistics in Society) · doi:10.1111/j.1467-985x.2012.01043.x · Cited by 298 · see citing works
The Behavioral and Distributional Implications of Aid for College
Dynarski, S. (2002) · American Economic Review · doi:10.1257/000282802320189401 · Cited by 281 · see citing works
Stinebrickner, R., & Stinebrickner, T. R. (2008) · American Economic Review · doi:10.1257/aer.98.5.2163 · Cited by 258 · see citing works
The Effect of Liquid Housing Wealth on College Enrollment
Lovenheim, M. (2011) · Journal of Labor Economics · doi:10.1086/660775 · Cited by 256 · see citing works
Castleman, B. L., & Long, B. T. (2016) · Journal of Labor Economics · doi:10.1086/686643 · Cited by 233 · see citing works
College Cost and Time to Complete a Degree: Evidence from Tuition Discontinuities
Garibaldi, P., Giavazzi, F., Ichino, A., & Rettore, E. (2011) · The Review of Economics and Statistics · doi:10.1162/rest_a_00195 · Cited by 232 · see citing works
Credit Constraints in Education
Lochner, L., & Monge‐Naranjo, A. (2012) · Annual Review of Economics · doi:10.1146/annurev-economics-080511-110920 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
Education Policy and Intergenerational Transfers in Equilibrium
Abbott, B., Gallipoli, G., Meghir, C., & Violante, G. L. (2018) · Journal of Political Economy · doi:10.1086/702241 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
Early and Late Human Capital Investments, Borrowing Constraints, and the Family
Caucutt, E. M., & Lochner, L. (2020) · Journal of Political Economy · doi:10.1086/704759 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Instrumental variable estimator for the nonlinear errors-in-variables model
Amemiya, Y. (1985) · Journal of Econometrics · doi:10.1016/0304-4076(85)90001-6 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Higher education, career opportunities, and intergenerational inequality
Crawford, C., Gregg, P., Macmillan, L., Vignoles, A. F., & Wyness, G. (2016) · Oxford Review of Economic Policy · doi:10.1093/oxrep/grw030 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Self-citationBorrowing Constraints, College Enrollment, and Delayed Entry
Johnson, M. (2013) · Journal of Labor Economics · doi:10.1086/669964 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Nguyen, T. D., Kramer, J. W., & Evans, B. J. (2019) · Review of Educational Research · doi:10.3102/0034654319877156 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
ProPelled: The Effects of Grants on Graduation, Earnings, and Welfare
Denning, J. T., Marx, B. M., & Turner, L. J. (2019) · American Economic Journal: Applied Economics · doi:10.1257/app.20180100 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Financial aid, debt management, and socioeconomic outcomes: Post-college effects of merit-based aid
Scott-Clayton, J., & Zafar, B. (2019) · Journal of Public Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jpubeco.2019.01.006 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Need-Based Aid and College Persistence
Bettinger, E. (2015) · Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis · doi:10.3102/0162373715576072 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
The end of free college in England: Implications for enrolments, equity, and quality
Murphy, R., Scott-Clayton, J., & Wyness, G. (2019) · Economics of Education Review · doi:10.1016/j.econedurev.2018.11.007 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Self-citationHow Financial Aid Affects Persistence
Bettinger, E. (2004) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w10242 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Denning, J. T. (2018) · The Journal of Human Resources · doi:10.3368/jhr.54.3.1116.8359r1 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Marx, B. M., & Turner, L. J. (2018) · American Economic Journal: Applied Economics · doi:10.1257/app.20160127 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
The Long-Run Effects of Attending an Elite School: Evidence from the United Kingdom
Clark, D., & Bono, E. D. (2015) · American Economic Journal Applied Economics · doi:10.1257/app.20130505 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
More than Dollars for Scholars
Page, L. C., Kehoe, S., Castleman, B., & Sahadewo, G. A. (2017) · The Journal of Human Resources · doi:10.3368/jhr.54.3.0516.7935r1 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
DesJardins, S. L., & McCall, B. P. (2010) · Review of higher education/The review of higher education · doi:10.1353/rhe.0.0169 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
A question of degree: The effects of degree class on labor market outcomes
Feng, A., & Graetz, G. (2017) · Economics of Education Review · doi:10.1016/j.econedurev.2017.07.003 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
From the Battlefield to the Schoolyard
Barr, A. (2015) · The Journal of Human Resources · doi:10.3368/jhr.50.3.580 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Barr, A., Bird, K., & Castleman, B. (2021) · Journal of Public Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jpubeco.2021.104493 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Graduate returns, degree class premia and higher education expansion in the UK
Naylor, R. A., Smith, J. P., & Telhaj, S. (2015) · Oxford Economic Papers · doi:10.1093/oep/gpv070 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Fighting for Education: Financial Aid and Degree Attainment
Barr, A. (2019) · Journal of Labor Economics · doi:10.1086/700191 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Aid after enrollment: Impacts of a statewide grant program at public two-year colleges
Anderson, D. M., & Goldrick‐Rab, S. (2018) · Economics of Education Review · doi:10.1016/j.econedurev.2018.10.008 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Callender, C., & WILKINSON, D. (2013) · Journal of Social Policy · doi:10.1017/s0047279412000992 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Testing for Educational Credit Constraints Using Heterogeneity in Individual Time Preferences
Cowan, B. (2016) · Journal of Labor Economics · doi:10.1086/683644 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 9
- Bailey, M. and Dynarski, S. (2011) Inequality in Postsecondary Attainment, in Duncan, J. and R. Murnane (eds.) Whither Opportunity, Russell Sage.
- Blundell, R., Dearden, L., Goodman, A. and Reed, H. (2000), The Returns to Higher Education in Britain: Evidence From a British Cohort. The Economic Journal, 110: 82-99.
- Bound, J. & S. Turner, (2002). Going to War and Going to College: Did WorldWar II and the G.I. Bill Increase Educational Attainment for Returning Veterans? Journal of Labor Economics. 20(4): 784-815.
- Card, D. (1999), 'The causal effect of education on earnings', in O.Ashenfelter and D.Card, (eds), Handbook of Labor Economics, vol. 3A, North-Holland.
- Dearden, L., E. Fitzsimons, and G. Wyness (2014). 'Money for nothing: Estimating the impact of student aid on participation in higher education', Economics of Education Review, Volume 43, December 2014, Pages 66-78
- Lee, D., & Lemieux, T., (2010). "Regression Discontinuity Designs in Economics," Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Association, vol. 48(2), pages 281-355, June
- Nielsen, H.S., T. Sorensen, C. Taber, 'Estimating the effect of student aid on college enrollment: Evidence from a government grant policy reform', American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, 2 (2) (2010), pp. 185-215
- Psacharopoulos, G, 1994. 'Returns to Investment in Education: A Global Update,' World Development, 1994, 22 (9), 1325-1343
- Seftor, N. & S. Turner, (2002) 'Back to School: Federal Student Aid Policy and Adult College Enrollment', Journal of Human Resources, 37, 336-52.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Higher education, career opportunities, and intergenerational inequality
Crawford, C., Gregg, P., Macmillan, L., Vignoles, A. F., & Wyness, G. (2016) · Oxford Review of Economic Policy · doi:10.1093/oxrep/grw030 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Self-citationThe end of free college in England: Implications for enrolments, equity, and quality
Murphy, R., Scott-Clayton, J., & Wyness, G. (2019) · Economics of Education Review · doi:10.1016/j.econedurev.2018.11.007 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Self-citationHordósy, R., Clark, T., & Vickers, D. (2018) · Journal of Education and Work · doi:10.1080/13639080.2018.1498068 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
College Costs, Financial Aid, and Student Decisions
Dynarski, S., Page, L., & Scott-Clayton, J. (2022) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w30275 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
College costs, financial aid, and student decisions
Dynarski, S., Page, L. C., & Scott-Clayton, J. (2023) · Handbook of the economics of education · doi:10.1016/bs.hesedu.2023.03.006 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Benson‐Egglenton, J. (2018) · Journal of Further and Higher Education · doi:10.1080/0309877x.2017.1421621 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
The Influence of Financial Aid Systems on Student Academic Development in Higher Education in China
Qi, S., Ma, Q., & Ji, X. (2022) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su142114068 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
The End of Free College in England: Implications for Quality, Enrolments, and Equity
Murphy, R., Scott-Clayton, J., & Wyness, G. (2017) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w23888 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Self-citationKaye, N. (2020) · Educational Review · doi:10.1080/00131911.2020.1787954 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Facchini, M., Triventi, M., & Vergolini, L. (2020) · Higher Education · doi:10.1007/s10734-020-00586-3 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Tuition fees and educational attainment
Bietenbeck, J., Leibing, A., Marcus, J., & Weinhardt, F. (2023) · European Economic Review · doi:10.1016/j.euroecorev.2023.104431 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Montalbán, J. (2022) · The Economic Journal · doi:10.1093/ej/ueac062 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Deserving Poor: Are Higher Education Bursaries Going to the Right Students?
Wyness, G. (2016) · Education Sciences · doi:10.3390/educsci6010005 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Self-citationDilnot, C., Macmillan, L., & Wyness, G. (2023) · British Educational Research Journal · doi:10.1002/berj.3890 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Self-citationRattini, V. (2023) · Economics of Education Review · doi:10.1016/j.econedurev.2023.102444 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
College Costs, Financial Aid, and Student DecisionsPreprint
Dynarski, S., Page, L. C., & Scott-Clayton, J. (2022) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4171452 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Mabuza, N. H. (2020) · Unisa Institutional Repository (University of South Africa) · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Systemic reviews: Financing of higher education internationalisation
Liu, T., Hassan, A., & Anuar, M. A. B. M. (2023) · Perspectives in Education · doi:10.38140/pie.v41i4.7340 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Tuition Fees and Educational AttainmentPreprint
Bietenbeck, J., Leibing, A., Marcus, J., & Weinhardt, F. (2022) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4124248 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Kenedi, G. (2023) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4344580 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Liquidity constraints in free post-secondary education: Evidence from Colombia
Gamboa, L. F., & Millán‐Quijano, J. (2023) · Economics of Education Review · doi:10.1016/j.econedurev.2023.102433 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Moores, E., Crockford, J., Woodfield, L., & Austen, L. (2024) · Frontiers in Education · doi:10.3389/feduc.2024.1493708 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
The effects of need‐based financial aid on educational decisions and outcomes: Evidence from Canada
Liu, Q. (2025) · Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d économique · doi:10.1111/caje.70034 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
The impact of need-based aid on higher education achievement: Evidence from Portugal
Guthmuller, S., & Meroni, E. C. (2025) · Economics of Education Review · doi:10.1016/j.econedurev.2025.102752 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Henao, L., Berens, J., & Schneider, K. (2023) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4663069 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Government Financial Aid's Benefits on Academic Achievement Among Business Administration Students
Gabat-Lopez, R. E., Puenluna, I. P., Bagnol, C. B., Evangeline, L., Esnardo, Balas, A. S., Ana Rose, F., Cabanday, Alegado, R. A., Vergara, L. E., et al. (2024) · International Journal of Scientific and Management Research · doi:10.37502/ijsmr.2024.7113
When aid falls short: the impact of resource rationing on student outcomes
Vettoretto, E., Azzolini, D., & Vergolini, L. (2025) · European Journal of Higher Education · doi:10.1080/21568235.2025.2493950
Reducing Inequality by Correcting Misperceptions: Experimental Evidence on Student Aid Take-UpPreprint
Riedmiller, S. (2025) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.5364685
Rethinking student loan design: Evidence from a price-based reform in Chilean higher education
Albagli, P., & García-Echalar, A. (2025) · Economics of Education Review · doi:10.1016/j.econedurev.2025.102735
The impact of student aid eligibility on higher education applicationsPreprint
Schäper, C., & Remigereau, C. (2025) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.5767922
Tawanpitak, D. (2026) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.6022247
The impact of student aid eligibility on higher education applicationsPreprint
Schäper, C., & Remigereau, C. (2026) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.7233164
Income Contingency and the Electorate’s Support for Tuition
Lergetporer, P., & Woessmann, L. (2026) · Journal of Political Economy Microeconomics · doi:10.1086/744386
- Authors
- Murphy, R., & Wyness, G.
- Affiliations
- National Bureau of Economic Research (US)
- University College London (GB)
- Venue
- Journal of Labor Economics
- Publisher
- University of Chicago Press
- Published
- 2023-07-01
- Volume
- 41
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 687-727
- ISSN
- 0734-306X (ISSN-L)
- 1537-5307
- OpenAlex
- W2256618868
- Cited by
- 34
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 5 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 2
- FWCI
- 10.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Labor Economics (publishedVersion)
- SSRN Electronic Journal (publishedVersion)
- London School of Economics and Political Science Theses Online (London School of Economics and Political Science) (acceptedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- London School of Economics and Political Science Research Online (London School of Economics and Political Science) (submittedVersion)
- LSE Research Online Documents on Economics (submittedVersion)
- Econstor (Econstor) (submittedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Economic and Social Research Council (ES/L000105/1, ES/T014431/1, ES/L000105/2)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Education › Higher Education Research Studies
- Social Sciences › Education › School Choice and Performance
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Intergenerational and Educational Inequality Studies
- Keywords
- student financial aid, university students, educational outcomes, degree attainment, parental income, higher education inequality
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review