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The Long-Run Effects of the Scramble for Africa

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Michalopoulos, Stelios, Papaioannou, Elias·2016·American Economic Review

DOI 10.1257/aer.20131311

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Abstract

We explore the consequences of ethnic partitioning, a neglected aspect of the Scramble for Africa, and uncover the following. First, apart from the land mass and water bodies, split and non-split groups are similar across several dimensions. Second, the incidence, severity, and duration of political violence are all higher for partitioned homelands which also experience frequent military interventions from neighboring countries. Third, split groups are often entangled in a vicious circle of government-led discrimination and ethnic wars. Fourth, respondents from survey data identifying with split ethnicities are economically disadvantaged. The evidence highlights the detrimental repercussions of the colonial border design. (JEL D72, D74, F51, J15, O15, O17, Z13)

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“…2021 ), and eventually spark conﬂict (Montalvo and Reynal-Querol, 2005 , Esteban, Mayoral and Ray, 2012 , Rohner, Thoenig and Zilibotti, 2013 , Michalopoulos and Papaioannou, 2016 , Berman, Couttenier, Rohner and Thoenig, 2017 , McGuirk and Burke, 2020 , Moscona, Nunn and Robinson, 2020 ,…”
Peace in the Face of Uncertainty: Resource Allocation with Stochastic Armaments
Taylor, S. (2024) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2410.14362
Who Benefits from Free Trade?
Bühler, M. (2024) · World Development · doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106622 · Cited by 2
The legacy of coercive cotton cultivation in colonial Mozambique
Barros, H., Caeiro, R. M., Jones, S., & Justino, P. (2024) · Working Paper Series · doi:10.35188/unu-wider/2024/470-0
The New Scramble for Africa
Danso, F., & Ahadzi, D. (2024) · The African Review · doi:10.1163/09744061-bja10112
Afrika, Sömürgecilik, İç Savaşlar ve Afrika Edebiyatındaki Yansımaları
Bolat, E. (2023) · Anemon Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi · doi:10.18506/anemon.1287854
Matrimonial rights & female education
Jerphanion, E. (2023) · Economics Letters · doi:10.1016/j.econlet.2023.111125
AfricaOS: Using a distributed, proposal-based, replicated state machine towards liberation from the Berlin Conference of 1885
Pharr, J. L. (2020) · arXiv.org · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2003.10486
Teaching War, Genocide, and Trauma in Francophone African Literature
Brown, H., & Kingué, A. (2017) · The French Review · doi:10.1353/tfr.2017.0396
Ethnic Inequality and Economic Growth: Evidence from Harmonized Satellite DataPreprint
Gründler, K., & Link, A. (2024) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4783714
Conflict, Fear, and Mistrust in Kenya’s 'White Highlands'Preprint
Wilson, N. (2024) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4805054
Can International Initiatives Promote Peace? Diamond Certification and Armed Conflicts in Africa
Binzel, C., Fehr, D., & Link, A. (2023) · Social Science Research Network · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4567734
“There is a rich literature on the determinants of violent conflict, particularly studies focusing on Africa (e.g. Michalopoulos and Papaioannou, 2016; Harari and Ferrara, 2018; McGuirk and Burke, 2020; Eberle et al., 2020; McGuirk and Nunn, 2022).”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
Long Run Consequences of Ethnic Conflict On Social Capital: Evidence from South AfricaPreprint
Paz, S. (2023) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4579032
Water WarsPreprint
Decet, D., & Marcucci, A. (2023) · Social Science Research Network · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4672234
“…et al., 2013; Depetris-Chauvin and Özak, 2020; Moscona et al., 2020; Arbatlı et al., 2020), of historical factors (Besley and Reynal-Querol, 2014; Michalopoulos and Papaioannou, 2016; Depetris-Chauvin, 2015), and economic factors, especially shocks to resources value and conflict opportunity…”
Background
Political Economy
Koyama, M. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-40458-0_54-1 · Cited by 1

Authors: Michalopoulos, S., & Papaioannou, E.
Affiliations: Center for Economic and Policy Research (US)
Centre for Economic Policy Research (GB)
ORCID: Michalopoulos, Stelios
Venue: American Economic Review
Publisher: American Economic Association
Published: 2016-07-01
Volume: 106
Issue: 7
Pages: 1802-1848
ISSN: 0002-8282 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1257/aer.20131311
OpenAlex: W3122296048
Cited by: 424
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 39 · 2025: 41 · 2024: 49 · 2023: 53 · 2022: 50 · 2021: 47 · 2020: 33 · 2019: 29 · 2018: 34 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 13
FWCI: 89.40
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: American Economic Review (publishedVersion)
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
Funders: Economic and Social Research Council (ES/L011719/1)
Topics: Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Political Conflict and Governance
Social Sciences › Development › Culture, Economy, and Development Studies
Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › General Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Natural Resources and Economic Development
Keywords: Scramble for Africa, political violence, ethnic war, military intervention, economic disadvantage

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The Long-Run Effects of the Scramble for Africa

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