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Cited by 411Urban Transport and AccessibilityObesity, Physical Activity, DietUrban Green Space and Health

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 39 of the 39 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Neighborhood Food Environment and Walkability Predict Obesity in New York City

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Rundle, Andrew, Neckerman, Kathryn M., Freeman, Lance, Lovasi, Gina S., Purciel, Marnie, Quinn, James, Richards, Catherine, Sircar, Neelanjan, Weiss, Christopher·2009·Environmental Health Perspectives
DOI 10.1289/ehp.11590PMC PMC2661915
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Abstract

Background: Differences in the neighborhood food environment may contribute to disparities in obesity. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the association of neighborhood food environments with body mass index (BMI) and obesity after control for neighborhood walkability. Methods: This study employed a cross-sectional, multilevel analysis of BMI and obesity among 13,102 adult residents of New York City. We constructed measures of the food environment and walkability for the neighborhood, defined as a half-mile buffer around the study subject’s home address. Results: Density of BMI-healthy food outlets (supermarkets, fruit and vegetable markets, and natural food stores) was inversely associated with BMI. Mean adjusted BMI was similar in the first two quintiles of healthy food density (0 and 1.13 stores/km2, respectively), but declined across the three higher quintiles and was 0.80 units lower [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.27–1.32] in the fifth quintile (10.98 stores/km2) than in the first. The prevalence ratio for obesity comparing the fifth quintile of healthy food density with the lowest two quintiles combined was 0.87 (95% CI, 0.78–0.97). These associations remained after control for two neighborhood walkability measures, population density and land-use mix. The prevalence ratio for obesity for the fourth versus first quartile of population density was 0.84 (95% CI, 0.73–0.96) and for land-use mix was 0.91 (95% CI, 0.86–0.97). Increasing density of food outlets categorized as BMI-unhealthy was not significantly associated with BMI or obesity. Conclusions: Access to BMI-healthy food stores is associated with lower BMI and lower prevalence of obesity.

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Figure 1 Density of BMI-healthy food outlets in New York City: Kernel Density Estimation (KDE) map illustrating the density of BMI-healthy food outlets. This KDE continuous surface was created with ArcGIS Spatial Analyst (ESRI, Redlands, CA), which uses a distance decay quadratic kernel function. Input processing parameters included a half-mile bandwidth and 1,545 discrete points representing the locations of supermarkets, fruit and vegetable markets, and natural food stores.
Figure 1 Density of BMI-healthy food outlets in New York City: Kernel Density Estimation (KDE) map illustrating the density of BMI-healthy food outlets. This KDE continuous surface was created with ArcGIS Spatial Analyst (ESRI, Redlands, CA), which uses a distance decay quadratic kernel function. Input processing parameters included a half-mile bandwidth and 1,545 discrete points representing the locations of supermarkets, fruit and vegetable markets, and natural food stores.CC0 · PubMed Central
Figure 2 Adjusted mean BMI (± 95% CI) by BMI-healthy food density quintiles. Analysis is adjusted for the density of BMI-intermediate and BMI-unhealthy food outlets and for age, sex, race/ ethnicity, education, neighborhood sociodemographic characteristics, and population density.
Figure 2 Adjusted mean BMI (± 95% CI) by BMI-healthy food density quintiles. Analysis is adjusted for the density of BMI-intermediate and BMI-unhealthy food outlets and for age, sex, race/ ethnicity, education, neighborhood sociodemographic characteristics, and population density.CC0 · PubMed Central

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Show all 39 references

Research works printed but not linked: 4

  1. Abdollah, 2007, A strict order for fast food, Los Angeles Times (Los Angeles, CA), A-1
  2. Graham, 2006, Eating In, Eating Out, Eating Well: Access to Healthy Food in North and Central Brooklyn
  3. Marter, 2007, Farmers markets go wild, Philadelphia Inquirer (Philadelphia)
  4. Wallis, 2004, The obesity warriors, Time Magazine, 92

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Metadata

Authors
Rundle, A., Neckerman, K. M., Freeman, L., Lovasi, G. S., Purciel, M., Quinn, J., Richards, C., Sircar, N., & Weiss, C.
Affiliations
  • Columbia University (US)
  • Institute for Social and Economic Research (GB)
  • Urban Planning, Graduate School of Architecture, Planning, and Preservation and
Corresponding author
Rundle, Andrew
ORCID
Venue
Environmental Health Perspectives
Publisher
American Chemical Society (ACS)
Published
2008-10-02
Volume
117
Issue
3
Pages
442-447
ISSN
  • 0091-6765 (ISSN-L)
  • 1552-9924
DOI
10.1289/ehp.11590
PMC
PMC2661915
OpenAlex
W1974306396
Cited by
411
References
39
Citations by year
2026: 10 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 31 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 33 · 2016: 31 · 2015: 31 · 2014: 30 · 2013: 34 · 2012: 40
FWCI
37.53
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Environmental Health Perspectives (publishedVersion, public-domain)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, public-domain)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, public-domain)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health (5r01es014229-04)
  • National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (R01-ES014229, 5R01ES014229)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Transportation › Urban Transport and Accessibility
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
  • Social Sciences › Urban Studies › Urban Green Space and Health
Keywords
neighborhood food environment, walkability, obesity, body mass index, food deserts, population density, mixed land use, food access disparities, New York City
MeSH terms
Cross-Sectional Studies, Environment, Geography, Humans, New York City, Obesity, Urban Population, Body Mass Index, Prevalence, Walking, Food, Organic

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