Supermarkets, Other Food Stores, and Obesity
Open accessAbstract
Background Obesity is a leading public health concern, and although environmental factors have been hypothesized to play a role in the prevention of obesity, little empirical data exist to document their effects. The purpose of this study was to examine whether characteristics of the local food environment are associated with the prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors.Methods A cross-sectional study of men and women participating in the third visit (1993-1995) of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study was conducted in 2004. The analyses included 10,763 ARIC participants residing in one of the 207 eligible census tracts located in the four ARIC-defined geographic areas. Names and addresses of food stores located in Mississippi, North Carolina, Maryland, and Minnesota were obtained from departments of agriculture. Multilevel modeling was used to calculate prevalence ratios of the associations between the presence of specific types of food stores and cardiovascular disease risk factors.Results The presence of supermarkets was associated with a lower prevalence of obesity and overweight (obesity prevalence ratio [PR] = 0.83, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.75-0.92; overweight PR = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.90-0.98), and the presence of convenience stores was associated with a higher prevalence of obesity and overweight (obesity PR = 1.16, 95% CI = 1.05-1.27; overweight PR = 1.06, 95% CI = 1.02-1.10). Associations for diabetes, high serum cholesterol, and hypertension were not consistently observed.Conclusions Results from this study suggest that characteristics of local food environments may play a role in the prevention of overweight and obesity.
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Seven cross-sectional studies in adults and children found greater accessibility to neighborhood supermarkets was associated with lower prevalence of adiposity; 1 county-level ecological study did not.
“Seven cross-sectional studies in both adults and children found that greater accessibility to neighborhood supermarkets (presence, number, or distance) was associated with lower prevalence of adiposity290–297; 1 county-level (ecological) study did not.298”
From Population Approaches to Improve Diet, Physical Activity, and Smoking Habits: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association (2012) · cites this paper as [290]
Among studies evaluating accessibility to grocery stores, 1 small study found no associations with fruit or vegetable consumption, and 5 of 6 studies, including 1 longitudinal study, found no associations with adiposity.
“Among studies evaluating accessibility to grocery stores, 1 small study found no associations with fruit or vegetable consumption,288 and 5 of 6 studies, including 1 longitudinal study, found no associations with adiposity.173,290,292,293, 298,300”
From Population Approaches to Improve Diet, Physical Activity, and Smoking Habits: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association (2012) · cites this paper as [290]
Four of 6 studies, including 1 longitudinal study, found greater accessibility to a neighborhood convenience store was associated with more adiposity or diabetes.
“Four of 6 studies, including 1 longitudinal study, found that greater accessibility to a neighborhood convenience store was associated with more adiposity or diabetes.173,290,292,293,298,299”
From Population Approaches to Improve Diet, Physical Activity, and Smoking Habits: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association (2012) · cites this paper as [290]
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- Authors
- Morland, K., Diez Roux, A. V., & Wing, S.
- Affiliations
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (US)
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- Corresponding author
- Morland, Kimberly
- Venue
- American Journal of Preventive Medicine
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2006-04
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 333-339
- ISSN
- 0749-3797 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2037028267
- Cited by
- 1,037
- References
- 55
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 33 · 2022: 28 · 2021: 44 · 2020: 51 · 2019: 42 · 2018: 55 · 2017: 45 · 2016: 70 · 2015: 76 · 2014: 80 · 2013: 67 · 2012: 83
- FWCI
- 51.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Locations
- American Journal of Preventive Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Deep Blue (University of Michigan) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (n01hc55021-47-0-1, n01hc55020-39-0-0, n01hc55016-37-0-0, n01hc55019-35-0-1, n01hc55018-38-0-1, n01hc55015-48-0-1)
- National Institute on Aging (R03AG022726, R03-AG22726)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (N01-HC-55018, N01 HC 55020, N01 HC 55019, N01-HC55016, N01‐HC‐55015, N01-HC55021)
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (R25ES008206, R25-ES08206)
- National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (P60MD00206, P60MD000206)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Social Sciences › Transportation › Urban Transport and Accessibility
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
- Keywords
- obesity, overweight, food environment, supermarkets, convenience stores, food stores, cardiovascular risk factors, diabetes mellitus, serum cholesterol, hypertension, Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study, built environment, obesity prevention
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Cooking, Cross-Sectional Studies, Diet, Female, Food, Humans, Male, Maryland, Middle Aged, Minnesota, Mississippi, North Carolina, Obesity, Residence Characteristics, Risk Factors, Odds Ratio, Food Industry, Atherosclerosis
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