Associations of Prenatal Per-and Polyfluoroalkyl Substance (PFAS) Exposures with Offspring Adiposity and Body Composition at 16–20 Years of Age: Project Viva
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BACKGROUND: Findings on the associations between prenatal PFAS exposures and offspring adiposity are inconsistent. Whether such associations may extend to adolescence is especially understudied. OBJECTIVES: We investigated associations of prenatal PFAS exposures with offspring adiposity and body composition at 16-20 years of age. METHODS: percentile] and adiposity and body composition using multivariable Poisson and linear regression models, respectively. We assessed PFAS mixture effects using Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) and quantile g-computation. We used fractional-polynomial models to assess BMI trajectories (at 3-20 years of age) by prenatal PFAS levels. RESULTS: higher BMI. Children with higher prenatal PFOS, EtFOSAA, and MeFOSAA concentrations had higher rates of BMI increase starting from 9-11 years of age. DISCUSSION: Prenatal PFAS exposures may have obesogenic effects into late adolescence. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP12597.
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PFAS exposure is associated with increased obesity risk in offspring, with moderate risk in children.
“| Obesity | Increased obesity risk in offspring. | Moderate | Children | Long-term weight gain | [227] |”
From Industrial Applications, Environmental Fate, Human Exposure, and Health Effects of PFAS (2025) · cites this paper as [227]
The Results and Discussion report that higher prenatal PFAS concentrations were associated with greater obesity risk in offspring at ages 16–20, and that BMI increased faster from ages 9–11 among children with higher concentrations of certain PFAS. The paper does not assign a “moderate” risk category, and its finding concerns prenatal exposure and late-adolescent obesity rather than PFAS exposure and obesity risk in children generally. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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Carrico, C. K., Watkins, A. M., Wolf, C. J., Abbott, B. D., Lau, C. S., & Gennings, C. (2013) · Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.tox.2013.02.016 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Assessment of Child Anthropometry in a Large Epidemiologic Study
Louer, A. L., Simon, D. N., Switkowski, K. M., et al. (2017) · Journal of Visualized Experiments · doi:10.3791/54895 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Prenatal exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and childhood adiposity at 7 years of age
Zhang, S., Lei, X., Zhang, Y., Shi, R., Zhang, Q., Gao, Y., Yuan, T., Li, J., & Tian, Y. (2022) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136077 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Invited Commentary: Interpreting Associations Between Exposure Biomarkers and Pregnancy Outcome
Savitz, D. A. (2014) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwt314 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Intrauterine exposure to perfluorinated compounds and overweight at age 4: A case-control study
Martinsson, M., Nielsen, C., Björk, J., Rylander, L., Malmqvist, E., Lindh, C. H., & Rignell‐Hydbom, A. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0230137 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
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Physical Activity and Adiposity in a Racially Diverse Cohort of US Infants
Benjamin‐Neelon, S. E., Bai, J., Østbye, T., Neelon, B., Pate, R. R., & Crainiceanu, C. M. (2020) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.22738 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Mode of delivery, type of labor, and measures of adiposity from childhood to teenage: Project Viva
Mueller, N. T., Zhang, M., Rifas‐Shiman, S. L., Oken, E., Hivert, M., & Chavarro, J. E. (2020) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/s41366-020-00709-x · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Self-citationRegional and sociodemographic differences in average BMI among US children in the ECHO program
Bekelman, T. A., Dabelea, D., Ganiban, J. M., Law, A., Reilly, A. M., Althoff, K. N., Mueller, N. T., Camargo, C. A., Duarte, C. S., Dunlop, A. L., et al. (2021) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.23235 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Self-citation
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Industrial Applications, Environmental Fate, Human Exposure, and Health Effects of PFAS
Hasan, M., Habib, A., Alam, M., Islam, S., & Halim, E. (2025) · Pollutants · doi:10.3390/pollutants5040043 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Li, Z., Wang, G., Braun, J. M., Hong, X., Choi, G., O’Leary, S. P., Yu, C. H., Pearson, C., Adams, W. G., Fan, Z. (., et al. (2025) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2024.109206 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
- Authors
- Zhang, M., Rifas-Shiman, S. L., Aris, I. M., Fleisch, A. F., Lin, P.-I. D., Nichols, A. R., Oken, E., & Hivert, M.-F.
- Affiliations
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (US)
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard University (US)
- Maine Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Zhang, Mingyu
- ORCID
- Venue
- Environmental Health Perspectives
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2023-12
- Volume
- 131
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 127002-127002
- ISSN
- 0091-6765 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-9924
- PMC
- PMC10699168
- OpenAlex
- W4389381270
- Cited by
- 45
- References
- 99
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 1
- FWCI
- 3.88
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Environmental Health Perspectives (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, public-domain)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion, public-domain)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (UG3OD023286)
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (R01ES030101, R24ES030894)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD034568)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Birth, Development, and Health
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Effects and risks of endocrine disrupting chemicals
- Keywords
- per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, prenatal exposure, offspring adiposity, body composition, PFOS, obesogenic effects, Project Viva
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Bayes Theorem, Body Composition, Environmental Pollutants, Female, Fluorocarbons, Humans, Male, Obesity, Pregnancy, Prospective Studies, Alkanesulfonic Acids, Adiposity
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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