Sex Differences in Body Composition
Abstract
Body composition differs between men and women. Men have more lean mass, and women have more fat mass than men. Men are more likely to accumulate adipose tissue around the trunk and abdomen, whereas women usually accumulate adipose tissue around the hips and thighs. Less is known about sex differences in ectopic fat depots. Advances in imaging allow the noninvasive assessment of abdominal and femorogluteal fat compartments, intramyocellular lipids, intrahepatic lipids, pericardial adipose tissue, and neck adipose tissue including brown adipose tissue and tongue adipose tissue. In this review, sex differences of regional adipose tissue, muscle mass, ectopic lipids, and brown adipose tissue and their effects on cardiometabolic risk will be discussed. In addition, novel imaging techniques to quantify these body composition compartments noninvasively will be described.
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Prior studies have proven significant differences in body composition and strength regarding gender, with males being at an advantage.
“Prior studies have proven that there are significant differences in body composition and strength regarding gender, with males being at an advantage [33–35].”
From Effects of nutrition and exercise interventions on persons with sarcopenic obesity: an umbrella review of meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials (2023) · cites this paper as [33]
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- Authors
- Bredella, M. A.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Bredella, Miriam A.
- ORCID
- Bredella, Miriam A.
- Venue
- Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
- Publisher
- Springer International Publishing
- Published
- 2017
- Volume
- 1043
- Pages
- 9-27
- ISSN
- 0065-2598 (ISSN-L)
- 2214-8019
- OpenAlex
- W2772062707
- Cited by
- 523
- References
- 100
- Citations by year
- 2026: 48 · 2025: 86 · 2024: 110 · 2023: 81 · 2022: 80 · 2021: 47 · 2020: 38 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 114.18
- Type
- book chapter
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Advances in experimental medicine and biology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Disease and Adiposity
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Body Composition Measurement Techniques
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
- Keywords
- sex differences, body composition, ectopic fat, intramyocellular lipid, intrahepatic lipid, pericardial adipose tissue, brown adipose tissue, cardiometabolic risk, non-invasive imaging, lean body mass, fat mass
- MeSH terms
- Adipose Tissue, Body Composition, Female, Humans, Liver, Male, Sex Characteristics, Sex Factors, Muscle, Skeletal, Adiposity, Lipid Metabolism, Health Status Disparities
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