The Multidimensional Inventory of Dissociation (MID): A Comprehensive Measure of Pathological Dissociation
Abstract
This article describes the development and validation of the Multidimensional Inventory of Dissociation (MID). The MID is a 218-item, self-administered, multiscale instrument that comprehensively assesses the phenomenological domain of pathological dissociation and diagnoses the dissociative disorders. The MID measures 14 major facets of pathological dissociation; it has 23 dissociation diagnostic scales that simultaneously operationalize (1) the subjective/ phenomenological domain of pathological dissociation and (2) the hypothesized dissociative symptoms of dissociative identity disorder (Dell, 2001a). The MID was designed for clinical research and for diagnostic assessment of patients who present with a mixture of dissociative, posttraumatic, and borderline symptoms. The MID demonstrated internal reliability, temporal stability, convergent validity, discriminant validity, and construct validity. The MID also exhibited incremental validity over the Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES) by predicting an additional 18% of the variance in weighted abuse scores on the Traumatic Experiences Questionnaire (TEQ). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) did not support a one-factor model of the MID's clinical scales (i.e., the 14 facets and the 23 diagnostic symptoms). In contrast, however, CFA of the MID's factor scales (Dell & Lawson, 2005) has strongly supported a one-factor model. It was concluded that both the MID's 168 dissociation items and the construct of pathological dissociation have a second-order, unifactorial structure.
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Measures of trait dissociation demonstrate good test-retest reliability.
“measures of trait dissociation demonstrate good test-retest reliability (Bernstein and Putnam, 1986;Dell, 2006;Dubester and Braun, 1995).”
From A review of the relation between dissociation, memory, executive functioning and social cognition in military members and civilians with neuropsychiatric conditions (2016) · cites this paper as Dell, 2006
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- Authors
- Dell, P. F.
- Affiliations
- Trauma Recovery Center
- Corresponding author
- Dell, Paul F.
- ORCID
- Dell, Paul F.
- Venue
- Journal of Trauma & Dissociation
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2006-06-05
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 77-106
- ISSN
- 1529-9732 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-9740
- OpenAlex
- W2077291977
- Cited by
- 230
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 22 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 3.59
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Trauma & Dissociation (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Identity, Memory, and Therapy
- Keywords
- pathological dissociation, dissociative disorders, dissociative identity disorder, dissociation assessment, Dissociative Experiences Scale, factor structure, second-order factor model, posttraumatic stress symptoms, borderline symptoms
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Dissociative Disorders, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Psychometrics, Surveys and Questionnaires, Reproducibility of Results
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