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Cited by 78Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ResearchPsychosomatic Disorders and Their TreatmentsPsychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research

Latent profile analysis and principal axis factoring of the DSM-5 dissociative subtype

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Frewen, Paul A., Brown, Matthew F. D., Steuwe, Carolin, Lanius, Ruth A.·2015·European Journal of Psychotraumatology
DOI 10.3402/ejpt.v6.26406PMC PMC4390557
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Abstract

OBJECTIVE: A dissociative subtype has been recognized based on the presence of experiences of depersonalization and derealization in relation to DSM-IV posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, the dissociative subtype has not been assessed in a community sample in relation to the revised DSM-5 PTSD criteria. Moreover, the 20-item PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) currently does not assess depersonalization and derealization. METHOD: We therefore evaluated two items for assessing depersonalization and derealization in 557 participants recruited online who endorsed PTSD symptoms of at least moderate severity on the PCL-5. RESULTS: A five-class solution identified two PTSD classes who endorsed dissociative experiences associated with either 1) severe or 2) moderate PTSD symptom severity (D-PTSD classes). Those in the severe dissociative class were particularly likely to endorse histories of childhood physical and sexual abuse. A principal axis factor analysis of the symptom list identified six latent variables: 1) Reexperiencing, 2) Emotional Numbing/Anhedonia, 3) Dissociation, 4) Negative Alterations in Cognition & Mood, 5) Avoidance, and 6) Hyperarousal. CONCLUSIONS: The present results further support the presence of a dissociative subtype within the DSM-5 criteria for PTSD.

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  • Approximately 15-30% of individuals with PTSD can be classified as belonging to a dissociative subtype featuring symptoms of depersonalization and derealization.

    “approximately 15-30% of individuals with PTSD can be classified as belonging to a dissociative subtype featuring symptoms of depersonalization and derealization (Armour et al., 2014;Blevins et al., 2014;Frewen et al., 2015;Spiegel et al., 2013;Steuwe et al., 2012;Tsai et al., 2015;Wolf et al., 2012aWolf et al., , 2012b)).”

    From A review of the relation between dissociation, memory, executive functioning and social cognition in military members and civilians with neuropsychiatric conditions (2016) · cites this paper as Frewen et al., 2015

  • In that case, on a task requiring interpretation of a social scenario, he reported amnesia for his response from the previous week upon being queried again at a second session.

    “on a task where he was required to interpret a social scenario, he reported amnesia for his response from the previous week upon being queried again at a second session”

    From A review of the relation between dissociation, memory, executive functioning and social cognition in military members and civilians with neuropsychiatric conditions (2016) · cites this paper as Frewen and Lanius, 2015

    The Methods > Procedure passage describes online questionnaires, and the Results > Latent profile analysis passage reports group-level amnesia scores. Neither describes an individual interpreting a social scenario or being asked about his response at a second session. Searches for the social-scenario task and a week-later follow-up found no matching account in our copy; page numbers were not provided. (LLM, conf=0.76)

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  • Strikingly different responses to a task assessing moral reasoning in an individual with high levels of dissociative symptomatology from one week to the next were reported by our group, in addition to amnesia for the individual's previous response.

    “strikingly different responses to a task assessing moral reasoning in an individual with high levels of dissociative symptomatology from one week to the next were reported by our group, in addition to amnesia for the individual's previous response (Frewen and Lanius, 2015).”

    From A review of the relation between dissociation, memory, executive functioning and social cognition in military members and civilians with neuropsychiatric conditions (2016) · cites this paper as Frewen and Lanius, 2015

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Frewen, P. A., Brown, M. F. D., Steuwe, C., & Lanius, R. A.
Affiliations
  • Western University (CA)
  • Evangelisches Krankenhaus Bielefeld (DE)
Corresponding author
Frewen, Paul A.
ORCID
Venue
European Journal of Psychotraumatology
Publisher
Informa UK Limited
Published
2015-04-01
Volume
6
Issue
1
Pages
26406-26406
ISSN
2000-8066 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3402/ejpt.v6.26406
PMC
PMC4390557
OpenAlex
W2041666170
Cited by
78
References
8
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 4
FWCI
12.42
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • European Journal of Psychotraumatology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
  • Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • Publikationen an der Universität Bielefeld (Universität Bielefeld) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • Figshare (cc-by)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research
Keywords
depersonalization, derealization, DSM-5 PTSD criteria, PCL-5, PTSD symptom severity, child physical abuse, child sexual abuse, latent profile analysis

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