The DOI matches its Crossref record; 190 of the 191 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Efficacy of the Theory of Planned Behaviour: A meta‐analytic review
Abstract
The Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) has received considerable attention in the literature. The present study is a quantitative integration and review of that research. From a database of 185 independent studies published up to the end of 1997, the TPB accounted for 27% and 39% of the variance in behaviour and intention, respectively. The perceived behavioural control (PBC) construct accounted for significant amounts of variance in intention and behaviour, independent of theory of reasoned action variables. When behaviour measures were self-reports, the TPB accounted for 11% more of the variance in behaviour than when behaviour measures were objective or observed (R2s = .31 and .21, respectively). Attitude, subjective norm and PBC account for significantly more of the variance in individuals' desires than intentions or self-predictions, but intentions and self-predictions were better predictors of behaviour. The subjective norm construct is generally found to be a weak predictor of intentions. This is partly attributable to a combination of poor measurement and the need for expansion of the normative component. The discussion focuses on ways in which current TPB research can be taken forward in the light of the present review.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Evidence suggests that employees engage in activities perceived to have few obstacles and that are associated with resources and opportunities to support their engagement (Armitage & Conner, 2001; Sellin, 1995).”
From Predicting Levels of Policy Advocacy Engagement Among Acute-Care Health Professionals (2016) · cites this paper as Armitage & Conner, 2001
In the citing paper
“Support for the theories of reasoned action and planned behaviour has been established across a wide range of behavioural domains and in a variety of populations (see e.g., Armitage & Conner, 2001;Conner & Armitage, 1998).”
From Social influence in the theory of planned behaviour: The role of descriptive, injunctive, and in-group norms (2009) · cites this paper as Armitage & Conner, 2001
In the citing paper
“For instance, Armitage and Conner (2001) found that the average component relationship between attitudes and intentions was twice as large as that between subjective norms and intentions (see also Farley, Lehmann, & Ryan, 1981).”
From Social influence in the theory of planned behaviour: The role of descriptive, injunctive, and in-group norms (2009) · cites this paper as Armitage & Conner, 2001
In the citing paper
“A metaanalysis indicated that the TPB accounted for 27% and 39% of the variance in behavior and intentions, respectively (Armitage & Conner, 2001).”
From Putting Entrepreneurship Education Where the Intention to Act Lies: An Investigation Into the Impact of Entrepreneurship Education on Entrepreneurial Behavior (2015) · cites this paper as Armitage & Conner, 2001
In the citing paper
“However, intention typically predicts only around 25-35% of variance in behaviour [10,11]”
From A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Applications of the Self-Report Habit Index to Nutrition and Physical Activity Behaviours (2011) · cites this paper as [10]
In the citing paper
“Meta-analyses have pointed to similar-sized correlations with behaviour for intention (0.47 [10]), control (0.37 [10]), and affect (0.42 [60]), and so habit may be as important a proximal determinant of action as these constructs.”
From A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Applications of the Self-Report Habit Index to Nutrition and Physical Activity Behaviours (2011) · cites this paper as [10]
Citations
Cites
Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173 · Cited by 91,532
The theory of planned behavior
Ajzen, I. (1991) · Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes · doi:10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-t · Cited by 90,587
Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences
Cohen, J. (1990) · Computers Environment and Urban Systems · doi:10.1016/0198-9715(90)90050-4 · Cited by 65,417
Self-efficacy: The exercise of control
Bandura, A., Freeman, W. H., & Lightsey, R. (1999) · Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1891/0889-8391.13.2.158 · Cited by 46,835
(1975) · PhilPapers (PhilPapers Foundation) · Cited by 36,737
(1980) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 25,810
From Intentions to Actions: A Theory of Planned Behavior
Ajzen, I. (1985) · Action Control · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-69746-3_2 · Cited by 19,057
Wasserman, S. S., Hedges, L. V., & Olkin, I. (1988) · Journal of Educational Statistics · doi:10.2307/1164953 · Cited by 10,377
Social Foundations of Thought and Action
Bandura, A. (2002) · SAGE Publications Ltd eBooks · doi:10.4135/9781446221129.n6 · Cited by 9,948
Cohen, J. (1992) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037//0033-2909.112.1.155 · Cited by 8,771
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 191 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 301–400 of 1,065
Conner, M. T., & SPARKS, P. B. (2002) · European Review of Social Psychology · doi:10.1080/14792772143000012 · Cited by 292
Self-citationPsychosocial determinants of fruit and vegetable intake in adult population: a systematic review
Guillaumie, L., Godin, G., & Vézina‐Im, L. (2010) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/1479-5868-7-12 · Cited by 277
Talwar, M., Talwar, S., Kaur, P., Tripathy, N., & Dhir, A. (2020) · Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services · doi:10.1016/j.jretconser.2020.102341 · Cited by 324
Ifinedo, P. (2016) · International Journal of Information Management · doi:10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2015.11.007 · Cited by 273
Zhang, D., Huang, G., Yin, X., & Gong, Q. (2015) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph120809475 · Cited by 273
Gender effects on entrepreneurial intention: a meta‐analytical structural equation model
Haus, I., Steinmetz, H., Isidor, R., & Kabst, R. (2013) · International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship · doi:10.1108/17566261311328828 · Cited by 309
Smith, J. R., & Louis, W. R. (2008) · British Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1348/014466607x269748 · Cited by 272
Forsetlund, L., O’Brien, M. A., Forsén, L., Mwai, L., Reinar, L. M., Okwen, P., Horsley, T., & Rose, C. J. (2021) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd003030.pub3 · Cited by 325
Shook, C. L., & Brătianu, C. (2008) · International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal · doi:10.1007/s11365-008-0091-2 · Cited by 270
Attitudes, barriers and enablers to physical activity in pregnant women: a systematic review
Harrison, A. L., Taylor, N. F., Shields, N., & Frawley, H. (2017) · Journal of physiotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.jphys.2017.11.012 · Cited by 277
Modeling farmers’ intention to use pesticides: An expanded version of the theory of planned behavior
Bagheri, A., Bondori, A., Allahyari, M. S., & Damalas, C. A. (2019) · Journal of Environmental Management · doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109291 · Cited by 269
Vaccine hesitancy and perceived behavioral control: A meta-analysis
Xiao, X., & Wong, R. M. (2020) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.04.076 · Cited by 269
Crespo, A., & del Bosque, I. R. (2008) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2008.04.008 · Cited by 280
Burnette, J. L., Pollack, J. M., Forsyth, R. B., Hoyt, C. L., Babij, A. D., Thomas, F. N., & Coy, A. E. (2020) · Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice · doi:10.1177/1042258719864293 · Cited by 264
Fielding, K. S., Terry, D. J., Masser, B. M., & Hogg, M. A. (2008) · British Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1348/014466607x206792 · Cited by 326
Dean, M., Raats, M. M., & Shepherd, R. (2011) · Journal of Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.2011.00796.x · Cited by 263
Determinants of job mobility: A theoretical integration and extension
Ng, T. W. H., Sorensen, K. L., Eby, L. T. D. T., & Feldman, D. C. (2006) · Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology · doi:10.1348/096317906x130582 · Cited by 261
Meppelink, C. S., van Weert, J. C., Haven, C. J., & Smit, E. G. (2015) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.3979 · Cited by 260
Hagger, M. S., & Chatzisarantis, N. L. D. (2005) · British Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1348/014466604x16219 · Cited by 264
The moderating role of entrepreneurship education on the antecedents of entrepreneurial intention
Entrialgo, M., & Argüelles, V. I. (2016) · International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal · doi:10.1007/s11365-016-0389-4 · Cited by 271
Questions Raised by a Reasoned Action Approach: Comment on Ogden (2003).
Ajzen, I., & Fishbein, M. (2004) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/0278-6133.23.4.431 · Cited by 258
Emerging bicycle tourism and the theory of planned behavior
Han, H., Meng, B., & Kim, W. (2016) · Journal of Sustainable Tourism · doi:10.1080/09669582.2016.1202955 · Cited by 285
Williams, N. J., & Beidas, R. S. (2019) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.12960 · Cited by 233
The Theory Of Planned Behaviour And The Impact Of Past Behaviour
Sommer, L. (2011) · International Business & Economics Research Journal (IBER) · doi:10.19030/iber.v10i1.930 · Cited by 271
Hoang, G. T., Le, T. T. T., Tran, A. K. T., & Du, T. (2020) · Education + Training · doi:10.1108/et-05-2020-0142 · Cited by 291
Neural activity during health messaging predicts reductions in smoking above and beyond self-report.
Falk, E. B., Berkman, E. T., Whalen, D., & Lieberman, M. D. (2011) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0022259 · Cited by 255
Schwarzer, R., Łuszczyńska, A., Ziegelmann, J. P., Scholz, U., & Lippke, S. (2008) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/0278-6133.27.1(suppl.).s54 · Cited by 256
Dialling and driving: Factors influencing intentions to use a mobile phone while driving
Walsh, S. P., White, K. M., Hyde, M. K., & Watson, B. C. (2008) · Accident Analysis & Prevention · doi:10.1016/j.aap.2008.07.005 · Cited by 256
What factors predict undergraduate students' use of technology for learning? A case from Hong Kong
Lai, C., Wang, Q., & Lei, J. (2012) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2012.03.006 · Cited by 256
Exploring the link between racial discrimination and substance use: What mediates? What buffers?
Gibbons, F. X., Etcheverry, P. E., Stock, M. L., Gerrard, M., Weng, C., Kiviniemi, M. T., & O'Hara, R. E. (2010) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0019880 · Cited by 254
Belleau, B. D., Summers, T. A., Xu, Y., & Pinel, R. A. (2007) · Clothing and Textiles Research Journal · doi:10.1177/0887302x07302768 · Cited by 272
Sheeran, P., Trafimow, D., & Armitage, C. J. (2003) · British Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1348/014466603322438224 · Cited by 253
Self-citationExecutive function moderates the intention-behavior link for physical activity and dietary behavior
Hall, P. A., Fong, G. T., Epp, L. J., & Elias, L. J. (2008) · Psychology and Health · doi:10.1080/14768320701212099 · Cited by 274
Why Would I Use This in My Home? A Model of Domestic Social Robot Acceptance
de Graaf, M. M. A., Allouch, S. B., & van Dijk, J. A. G. M. (2017) · Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1080/07370024.2017.1312406 · Cited by 272
Social Cognitive Determinants of Blood Donation
Armitage, C. J., & Conner, M. T. (2001) · Journal of Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.2001.tb02681.x · Cited by 250
Self-citationChen, C. D., Fan, Y.-W., & Farn, C.-K. (2007) · Transportation Research Part C Emerging Technologies · doi:10.1016/j.trc.2007.04.004 · Cited by 262
Munir, H., Cai, J., & Ramzan, S. (2019) · International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour & Research · doi:10.1108/ijebr-05-2018-0336 · Cited by 287
Norman, P. E., & Conner, M. T. (2005) · Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1123/jsep.27.4.488 · Cited by 249
Self-citationPredicting ranchers’ intention to kill jaguars: Case studies in Amazonia and Pantanal
Marchini, S., & Macdonald, D. W. (2012) · Biological Conservation · doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2012.01.002 · Cited by 249
Capability, opportunity, and motivation: an across contexts empirical examination of the COM-B model
Willmott, T. J., Pang, B., & Rundle-Thiele, S. (2021) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-021-11019-w · Cited by 249
Predicting adolescent eating and activity behaviors: The role of social norms and personal agency.
Baker, C. W., Little, T. D., & Brownell, K. D. (2003) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/0278-6133.22.2.189 · Cited by 248
Shi, H., Wang, S., & Zhao, D. (2017) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.01.108 · Cited by 248
Keyworth, C., Epton, T., Goldthorpe, J., Calam, R. M., & Armitage, C. J. (2020) · British Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjhp.12417 · Cited by 247
Self-citationFrench, D., Sutton, S. R., Hennings, S. J., Mitchell, J., Wareham, N. J., Griffin, S. J., Hardeman, W., & Kinmonth, A. L. (2005) · Journal of Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.2005.tb02197.x · Cited by 247
Kim, E., Ham, S., Yang, I. S., & Choi, J. G. (2013) · International Journal of Hospitality Management · doi:10.1016/j.ijhm.2013.06.008 · Cited by 285
Zhang, X., Geng, G., & Sun, P. (2017) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.08.020 · Cited by 248
University departments and self-employment intentions of business students: a cross-level analysis
Walter, S. G., Parboteeah, K. P., & Walter, A. (2013) · Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice · doi:10.1111/j.1540-6520.2011.00460.x · Cited by 245
Ketikidis, P. H., Dimitrovski, T., Lazuras, L., & Bath, P. A. (2012) · Health Informatics Journal · doi:10.1177/1460458211435425 · Cited by 250
Deciding to exercise: The role of anticipated regret
Abraham, C., & Sheeran, P. (2004) · British Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1348/135910704773891096 · Cited by 246
Applying the Theory of Planned Behavior to healthy eating behaviors in urban Native American youth
Fila, S. A., & Smith, C. (2006) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/1479-5868-3-11 · Cited by 244
From health beliefs to self-regulation: Theoretical advances in the psychology of action control
Abraham, C., Sheeran, P., & Johnston, M. (1998) · Psychology and Health · doi:10.1080/08870449808407420 · Cited by 252
Hanus, B., & Wu, Y. “. (2015) · Information Systems Management · doi:10.1080/10580530.2015.1117842 · Cited by 248
Liebe, U., Preisendörfer, P., & Meyerhoff, J. (2010) · Environment and Behavior · doi:10.1177/0013916509346229 · Cited by 242
Arli, D. I., Tan, L. P., Tjiptono, F., & Yang, L. (2018) · International Journal of Consumer Studies · doi:10.1111/ijcs.12432 · Cited by 260
Gansser, O. A., & Reich, C. S. (2022) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.134629 · Cited by 287
Measuring and Understanding the Effects of Entrepreneurial Awareness Education
Fretschner, M., & Weber, S. (2013) · Journal of Small Business Management · doi:10.1111/jsbm.12019 · Cited by 249
Adoption intentions for micro-mobility – Insights from electric scooter sharing in Taiwan
Eccarius, T., & Lu, C. (2020) · Transportation Research Part D Transport and Environment · doi:10.1016/j.trd.2020.102327 · Cited by 246
Shin, Y. H., & Hancer, M. (2016) · Journal of Foodservice Business Research · doi:10.1080/15378020.2016.1181506 · Cited by 241
Gamal Aboelmaged, M. (2010) · Industrial Management & Data Systems · doi:10.1108/02635571011030042 · Cited by 240
Temporal stability as a moderator of relationships in the Theory of Planned Behaviour
Conner, M. T., Sheeran, P., Norman, P. E., & Armitage, C. J. (2000) · British Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1348/014466600164598 · Cited by 242
Self-citationChatzisarantis, N. L. D., & Hagger, M. S. (2005) · Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1123/jsep.27.4.470 · Cited by 240
Causality in the Theory of Planned Behavior
Sussman, R., & Gifford, R. (2018) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167218801363 · Cited by 239
Reward crowdfunding contribution as planned behaviour: An extended framework
Shneor, R., & Munim, Z. H. (2019) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.06.013 · Cited by 248
The Psychology of Blood Donation: Current Research and Future Directions
Masser, B., White, K. M., Hyde, M. K., & Terry, D. J. (2008) · Transfusion Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.tmrv.2008.02.005 · Cited by 238
From Willingness to Intention: Experience Moderates the Shift From Reactive to Reasoned Behavior
Pomery, E. A., Gibbons, F. X., Reis-Bergan, M., & Gerrard, M. (2009) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167209335166 · Cited by 237
The roles of learning orientation and passion for work in the formation of entrepreneurial intention
Clercq, D. D., Honig, B., & Martin, B. (2013) · International Small Business Journal Researching Entrepreneurship · doi:10.1177/0266242611432360 · Cited by 248
Trivedi, R. H. (2016) · Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development · doi:10.1108/jsbed-10-2015-0149 · Cited by 238
Rehman, S. U., Bhatti, A., Mohamed, R., & Ayoup, H. (2019) · Journal of global entrepreneurship research · doi:10.1186/s40497-019-0166-2 · Cited by 273
Gonzalez, J. M., Alegria, M., & Prihoda, T. J. (2005) · Journal of Community Psychology · doi:10.1002/jcop.20071 · Cited by 235
Jensen-Doss, A., & Hawley, K. M. (2010) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374416.2010.517169 · Cited by 238
Byabashaija, W., & Katono, I. W. (2011) · Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship · doi:10.1142/s1084946711001768 · Cited by 237
Self‐Regulation in Health Behavior
(2006) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470713150 · Cited by 243
McCaffery, K. J., Wardle, J., & Waller, J. (2003) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0091-7435(03)00016-1 · Cited by 236
Leadership decision-making: A behavioral reasoning theory analysis
Westaby, J. D., Probst, T. M., & Lee, B. C. (2010) · The Leadership Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2010.03.011 · Cited by 264
Lee, M.-C., & Tsai, T.-R. (2010) · International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1080/10447311003781318 · Cited by 236
Consumer Attitudes and Behavior
Ajzen, I. (2015) · Handbook of Consumer Psychology · doi:10.4324/9780203809570.ch20 · Cited by 236
An Empirical Inquiry on Knowledge Sharing Among Academicians in Higher Learning Institutions
Ramayah, T., Yeap, J. A. L., & Ignatius, J. (2013) · Minerva · doi:10.1007/s11024-013-9229-7 · Cited by 253
Little, P. S., Lewith, G. T., Webley, F., Evans, M. A., Beattie, A., Middleton, K., Barnett, J., Ballard, K., Oxford, F., Smith, P. W. F., et al. (2008) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.a884 · Cited by 235
Teo, T. P. (2010) · Interactive Learning Environments · doi:10.1080/10494821003714632 · Cited by 235
Wang, Z., Zhao, C., Yin, J., & Zhang, B. (2017) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.05.154 · Cited by 235
Using the theory of planned behaviour to predict intentions to purchase sustainable housing
Judge, M., Warren‐Myers, G., & Paladino, Á. (2019) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.01.029 · Cited by 235
Han, T., & Stoel, L. (2016) · Journal of International Consumer Marketing · doi:10.1080/08961530.2016.1251870 · Cited by 284
Scarapicchia, T. M. F., Amireault, S., Faulkner, G., & Sabiston, C. M. (2017) · International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1080/1750984x.2016.1183222 · Cited by 235
Stadler, G., Oettingen, G., & Gollwitzer, P. (2010) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0018644 · Cited by 224
Storm Clouds and Silver Linings: Responding to Disruptive Innovations Through Cognitive Resilience
Dewald, J., & Bowen, F. (2009) · Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice · doi:10.1111/j.1540-6520.2009.00312.x · Cited by 246
Qi, X., & Ploeger, A. (2018) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2018.12.004 · Cited by 262
Consumers’ attitudes and intentions toward consuming functional foods in Norway
Nystrand, B. T., & Olsen, S. O. (2019) · Food Quality and Preference · doi:10.1016/j.foodqual.2019.103827 · Cited by 242
Roos, D., & Hahn, R. (2017) · Journal of Business Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10551-017-3675-3 · Cited by 244
Evaluating the impact of prior experience in entrepreneurial intention
Miralles, F., Giones, F., & Riverola, C. (2015) · International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal · doi:10.1007/s11365-015-0365-4 · Cited by 232
Zagata, L. (2012) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2012.03.023 · Cited by 258
Conner, M. T., Kirk, S., Cade, J. E., & Barrett, J. H. (2001) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0277-9536(00)00165-9 · Cited by 231
Self-citationThe Necessity of Discretion: A Behavioral Evaluation of Bottom-Up Implementation Theory
Thomann, E., van Engen, N., & Tummers, L. G. (2018) · Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory · doi:10.1093/jopart/muy024 · Cited by 234
Digitalization of the economy and entrepreneurship intention
Youssef, A. B., Boubaker, S., Dedaj, B., & Vokshi, M. C. (2020) · Technological Forecasting and Social Change · doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2020.120043 · Cited by 231
Utilizing the Theory of Planned Behavior to Inform Change Management
Jimmieson, N. L., Peach, M., & White, K. M. (2008) · The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science · doi:10.1177/0021886307312773 · Cited by 244
Hagger, M. S., Chan, D. K. C., Protogerou, C., & Chatzisarantis, N. L. D. (2016) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.05.020 · Cited by 232
Trust to Go Green: An Exploration of Consumer Intentions for Eco-friendly Convenience Food
Ricci, E. C., Banterle, A., & Stranieri, S. (2018) · Ecological Economics · doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2018.02.010 · Cited by 240
Call for testing interventions to prevent consumer food waste
Stöckli, S., Niklaus, E., & Dorn, M. (2018) · Resources, Conservation and Recycling · doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2018.03.029 · Cited by 230
Moral Concerns and Consumer Choice of Fresh and Processed Organic Foods1
Dean, M., Raats, M. M., & Shepherd, R. (2008) · Journal of Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.2008.00382.x · Cited by 229
Web Site Delays: How Tolerant are Users?
Galletta, D. F., Henry, R. M., McCoy, S., & Polák, P. (2004) · Journal of the Association for Information Systems · doi:10.17705/1jais.00044 · Cited by 229
Wang, J., & Ritchie, B. W. (2011) · Tourism Management · doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2011.12.006 · Cited by 230
Metadata
- Authors
- Armitage, C. J., & Conner, M.
- Affiliations
- University of Sheffield (GB)
- University of Leeds (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Armitage, Christopher J.
- Venue
- British Journal of Social Psychology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2001-12
- Volume
- 40
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 471-499
- ISSN
- 0144-6665 (ISSN-L)
- 2044-8309
- OpenAlex
- W2152095411
- Cited by
- 9,970
- References
- 191
- Citations by year
- 2026: 441 · 2025: 511 · 2024: 511 · 2023: 588 · 2022: 584 · 2021: 633 · 2020: 626 · 2019: 552 · 2018: 553 · 2017: 515 · 2016: 525 · 2015: 547 · 2014: 528 · 2013: 473 · 2012: 440
- FWCI
- 105.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- British Journal of Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Behavioral Health and Interventions
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law › Pro-Environmental Behavior and Attitudes
- Social Sciences › Communication › Media Influence and Health
- Keywords
- theory of planned behavior, perceived behavioral control, attitudes, subjective norms, behavioral intention, behavior prediction, self-prediction, theory of reasoned action, attitude measurement
- MeSH terms
- Behavior, Humans, Internal-External Control, Motivation, Predictive Value of Tests, Psychological Theory, Self-Assessment, Reproducibility of Results, Self Efficacy
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
