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Cited by 1,078Social and Intergroup PsychologyCultural Differences and ValuesDeath Anxiety and Social Exclusion

Stereotype content model across cultures: Towards universal similarities and some differences

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Cuddy, Amy J. C., Fiske, Susan T., Kwan, Virginia S. Y., Glick, Peter, Demoulin, Stéphanie, Leyens, Jacques‐Philippe, Bond, Michael Harris, Croizet, Jean‐Claude +16 more·2009·British Journal of Social Psychology
DOI 10.1348/014466608x314935PMC PMC3912751
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Abstract

The stereotype content model (SCM) proposes potentially universal principles of societal stereotypes and their relation to social structure. Here, the SCM reveals theoretically grounded, cross‐cultural, cross‐groups similarities and one difference across 10 non‐US nations. Seven European (individualist) and three East Asian (collectivist) nations ( N =1,028) support three hypothesized cross‐cultural similarities: (a) perceived warmth and competence reliably differentiate societal group stereotypes; (b) many out‐groups receive ambivalent stereotypes (high on one dimension; low on the other); and (c) high status groups stereotypically are competent, whereas competitive groups stereotypically lack warmth. Data uncover one consequential cross‐cultural difference: (d) the more collectivist cultures do not locate reference groups (in‐groups and societal prototype groups) in the most positive cluster (high‐competence/high‐warmth), unlike individualist cultures. This demonstrates out‐group derogation without obvious reference‐group favouritism. The SCM can serve as a pancultural tool for predicting group stereotypes from structural relations with other groups in society, and comparing across societies.

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Authors
Cuddy, A. J. C., Fiske, S. T., Kwan, V. S. Y., Glick, P., Demoulin, S., Leyens, J., Bond, M. H., Croizet, J., Ellemers, N., Sleebos, E., Htun, T. T., Kim, H., Maio, G., Perry, J., Petkova, K., Todorov, V., Rodríguez‐Bailón, R., Morales, E., Moya, M., Palacios, M., Smith, V., Perez, R., Vala, J., & Ziegler, R.
Affiliations
  • Northwestern University (US)
  • Princeton University (US)
  • Lawrence University (US)
  • UCLouvain (BE)
  • Chinese University of Hong Kong (HK)
  • Université de Poitiers (FR)
  • Leiden University (NL)
  • Japan Women's University (JP)
  • Ewha Womans University (KR)
  • UiT The Arctic University of Norway (NO)
  • Institute of Philosophy and Sociology (BG)
  • Universidad de Granada (ES)
  • University of Lisbon (PT)
Corresponding author
Cuddy, Amy J. C.
ORCID
Venue
British Journal of Social Psychology
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2009-03
Volume
48
Issue
1
Pages
1-33
ISSN
  • 0144-6665 (ISSN-L)
  • 2044-8309
DOI
10.1348/014466608x314935
PMC
PMC3912751
OpenAlex
W1973485875
Cited by
1,078
References
6
Citations by year
2026: 69 · 2025: 90 · 2024: 95 · 2023: 69 · 2022: 90 · 2021: 89 · 2020: 70 · 2019: 72 · 2018: 64 · 2017: 67 · 2016: 52 · 2015: 59 · 2014: 47 · 2013: 40 · 2012: 37
FWCI
104.59
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • British Journal of Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • VU Research Portal (publishedVersion, other-oa)
  • LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
  • HAL (submittedVersion)
  • Digital Access to Libraries (Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), l'Université de Namur (UNamur) and the Université Saint-Louis (USL-B)) (submittedVersion)
  • Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • Investigative News in Education (Universidad de Costa Rica) (submittedVersion)
  • Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Funders
  • University of Tsukuba
  • Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R24HD047879)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Cultural Differences and Values
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Death Anxiety and Social Exclusion
Keywords
stereotype content model, cross-cultural comparison, perceived warmth, perceived competence, outgroup derogation, reference groups, ingroup, individualism-collectivism, status groups, competitive groups, group stereotypes
MeSH terms
Cross-Cultural Comparison, Culture, Europe, Asia, Eastern, Female, Humans, Male, Prejudice, Social Identification, Social Perception, Stereotyping, Cultural Diversity, Emigrants and Immigrants, Young Adult

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