Getting older, getting better? Toward understanding positive personality development across adulthood
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The most pronounced and robust normative self-esteem change is the increase during young adulthood.
“The fact that the most pronounced and robust normative self-esteem change is the increase during young adulthood may be due to the comparatively strong sociocultural norms (i.e., developmental tasks) in this life phase in both agentic (e.g., school and work transitions) and communal (e.g., first romantic relationship, parenthood) life domains (Reitz & Staudinger, 2017).”
From Self‐esteem development and life events: A review and integrative process framework (2022) · cites this paper as Reitz & Staudinger, 2017
The increase during young adulthood may be due to comparatively strong sociocultural norms in both agentic and communal life domains.
“The fact that the most pronounced and robust normative self-esteem change is the increase during young adulthood may be due to the comparatively strong sociocultural norms (i.e., developmental tasks) in this life phase in both agentic (e.g., school and work transitions) and communal (e.g., first romantic relationship, parenthood) life domains (Reitz & Staudinger, 2017).”
From Self‐esteem development and life events: A review and integrative process framework (2022) · cites this paper as Reitz & Staudinger, 2017
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Self-citationDirected abstraction: Encouraging broad, personal generalizations following a success experience.
Zunick, P. V., Fázio, R. H., & Vasey, M. W. (2015) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/pspa0000027 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Bouchard, T. J., McGue, M. K., Hur, Y., & Horn, J. M. (1998) · European Journal of Personality · doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-0984(1998090)12:5 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Vincent, N. C., Ward, L., & Denson, L. A. (2013) · Journal of Adult Development · doi:10.1007/s10804-013-9171-9 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Law, A., & Staudinger, U. (2016) · International handbooks of quality-of-life · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-42445-3_9 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Self-citationBaltes, P. B. (1992) · MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
4 of the 128 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Self‐esteem development and life events: A review and integrative process framework
Reitz, A. K. (2022) · Social and Personality Psychology Compass · doi:10.1111/spc3.12709 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
“…is the increase during young adulthood may be due to the comparatively strong sociocultural norms (i.e., developmental tasks) in this life phase in both agentic (e.g., school and work transitions) and communal (e.g., first romantic relationship, parenthood) life domains (Reitz & Staudinger, 2017).”
BackgroundSelf-citationGötz, F. M., Bleidorn, W., & Rentfrow, P. J. (2020) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/jopy.12545 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Heintz, S., & Ruch, W. (2021) · The Journal of Positive Psychology · doi:10.1080/17439760.2021.1871938 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Self‐esteem change during the transition from university to work
Reitz, A. K., Shrout, P. E., Denissen, J. J. A., Dufner, M., & Bolger, N. (2020) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/jopy.12519 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Self-citationWeiss, D. J., Reitz, A. K., & Stéphan, Y. (2019) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037/pag0000370 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Self-citationEmerging Elderhood: Transitions from Midlife
Skerrett, K., Spira, M. K., & Chandy, J. (2021) · Clinical Social Work Journal · doi:10.1007/s10615-021-00791-2 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
The Role of Personality in Becoming Aware of Age-Related Changes
Rupprecht, F. S., Dutt, A. J., Wahl, H., & Diehl, M. K. (2019) · GeroPsych · doi:10.1024/1662-9647/a000204 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Determinants of personal growth and life satisfaction in divorced adults
Lamela, D. J. P. D. V., & Figueiredo, B. (2022) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.2770 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Kolańska, M., Farnicka, M. A., Mamcarz, P. J., Krasa, P., & Poręba-Chabros, A. (2023) · Journal of Current Issues & Research in Advertising · doi:10.1080/10641734.2023.2206871 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Chou, Y.-Y. P. (2023) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-023-04759-y · Cited by 2 · see citing works
A Life Story Perspective on the Nexus of Creativity and Wisdom
Bluck, S., & Cogdill-Richardson, K. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-51590-3_4 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Diehl, M. K., Griffin, E., & Brothers, A. (2018) · Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Psychology · doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780190236557.013.340 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Fu, M., Guo, J., Kang, H., & Huang, X. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1358000
Gvozden, M., Perunicic-Mladenovic, I., & Vukosavljević‐Gvozden, T. (2025) · Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1007/s10942-025-00601-5
“You Can’t Be Sad and Show It”—Understanding the Psychological Well-Being of Clergy in Ghana
Nortey, P. N. O., Asare‐Doku, W., Osei-Bonsu, P., Oti-Boadi, M., & Osafo, J. (2025) · Pastoral Psychology · doi:10.1007/s11089-025-01272-w
Positive Personality Development, Wisdom, and Spirituality in Young Adulthood
Ardelt, M., Oh, H., & Zaprir, O. (2026) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197686874.003.0008
Jankowski, P. J., Sandage, S. J., Wang, D., The, C. M., & Gin, D. H. C. (2026) · Review of Religious Research · doi:10.1177/0034673x261477782
- Authors
- Reitz, A. K., & Staudinger, U. M.
- Affiliations
- New York University (US)
- Columbia University (US)
- Venue
- Personality Development Across the Lifespan
- Publisher
- Elsevier
- Published
- 2017
- Pages
- 219-241
- OpenAlex
- W2603360656
- Cited by
- 17
- References
- 128
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 1
- FWCI
- 8.75
- Type
- book chapter
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Elsevier eBooks (publishedVersion)
- Research portal (Tilburg University) (publishedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Aging and Gerontology Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Ego Development and Educational Practices
- Keywords
- personality maturation, adulthood, adjustment, personal growth, lifespan trajectories, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability, openness to experience, midlife, sociocultural factors
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