CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 54Mental Health and PsychiatryEmbodied and Extended CognitionPhilosophy and History of Science

Psychiatry Beyond the Brain: Externalism, Mental Health, and Autistic Spectrum Disorder

Open access
Roberts, Tom, Krueger, Joel, Glackin, Shane·2019·Philosophy, Psychiatry, & Psychology
DOI 10.1353/ppp.2019.0030
Open this paper in CoChat — free accountOpen PDF

Abstract

Externalist theories hold that a comprehensive understanding of mental disorder cannot be achieved unless we attend to factors that lie outside of the head: neural explanations alone will not fully capture the complex dependencies that exist between an individual's psychiatric condition and her social, cultural, and material environment. Here, we first offer a taxonomy of ways in which the externalist viewpoint can be understood, and unpack its commitments concerning the nature and physical realization of mental disorder. Second, we apply a strongly externalist approach to the case of autistic spectrum disorder, and argue that this condition can be illuminated by appeal to the hypothesis of extended cognition. We conclude by briefly considering the significance this strongly externalist approach may have for psychiatric practice and pedagogy.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1353/ppp.2019.0030

Cites

117 of 117 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 9

  1. Carter, J. A., & Czarnecki, B. (2016). Extended knowl- edge-how. Erkenntnis, 81 (2), 259-273.
  2. De Haan, S.E. (forthcoming). Enactive psychiatry. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  3. Geach, P. (1980). Logic matters. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  4. Glackin, S. N. (2016). Three Aristotelian accounts of disease and disability. Journal of Applied Philosophy, 33 (3), 311-323.
  5. Krueger, J., & Colombetti, G. (2018). Affective af- fordances and psychopathology. Discipline Filoso- fiche, Special Issue: "Philosophical Perspectives on Affectivity and Psychopathology," 18(2), 221-247.
  6. Krueger, J., & Szanto, T. (2016). Extended emotions. Philosophy Compass, 11 (12), 863-878.
  7. Merritt, M., & Varga, S. (eds.). (2013). Socially ex- tended cognition. Cognitive Systems Research, 25-26, 1-72.
  8. Rowlands, M. (2015). Consciousness unbound. Journal of Consciousness Studies, 22 (3-4), 34-51.
  9. Sneddon, A. (2002). Towards externalist psychopathol- ogy. Philosophical Psychology, 15 (3), 297-216.

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Related

Authors
Roberts, T., Krueger, J., & Glackin, S.
Affiliations
University of Exeter (GB)
ORCID
Venue
Philosophy, Psychiatry, & Psychology
Publisher
Project MUSE
Published
2019
Volume
26
Issue
3
Pages
E-51-E-68
ISSN
  • 1071-6076 (ISSN-L)
  • 1086-3303
DOI
10.1353/ppp.2019.0030
OpenAlex
W2936468567
Cited by
54
References
117
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 2
FWCI
50.71
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Philosophy, psychiatry & psychology (publishedVersion)
  • Open Research Exeter (University of Exeter) (acceptedVersion)
  • PhilPapers (PhilPapers Foundation) (submittedVersion)
  • Project Muse (Johns Hopkins University) (submittedVersion)
  • Figshare (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Mental Health and Psychiatry
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Embodied and Extended Cognition
  • Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › History and Philosophy of Science › Philosophy and History of Science
Keywords
externalism, mental illness, autism spectrum disorder, extended cognition, psychiatric practice

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review