Non-invasive investigation of adipose tissue by time domain diffuse optical spectroscopy
Open accessAbstract
The human abdominal region is very heterogeneous and stratified with subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) being one of the primary layers. Monitoring this tissue is crucial for diagnostic purposes and to estimate the effects of interventions like caloric restriction or bariatric surgery. However, the layered nature of the abdomen poses a major problem in monitoring the SAT in a non-invasive way by diffuse optics. In this work, we examine the possibility of using multi-distance broadband time domain diffuse optical spectroscopy to assess the human abdomen non-invasively. Broadband absorption and reduced scattering spectra from 600 to 1100 nm were acquired at 1, 2 and 3 cm source-detector distances on ten healthy adult male volunteers, and then analyzed using a homogeneous model as an initial step to understand the origin of the detected signal and how tissue should be modeled to derive quantitative information. The results exhibit a clear influence of the layered nature on the estimated optical properties. Clearly, the underlying muscle makes a relevant contribution in the spectra measured at the largest source-detector distance for thinner subjects related to blood and water absorption. More unexpectedly, also the thin superficial skin layer yields a direct contamination, leading to higher water content and steeper reduced scattering spectra at the shortest distance, as confirmed also by simulations. In conclusion, provided that data analysis properly accounts for the complex tissue structure, diffuse optics may offer great potential for the continuous non-invasive monitoring of abdominal fat.
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Obesity creates variations in skin physiology, including skin barrier function, epidermal changes, dermal changes, and changes to vascular and capillary recruitment function.
“Recent studies have shown that obesity creates variations in skin physiology5,35–38. These changes include but are not limited to skin barrier function, epidermal changes, dermal changes, and changes to the vascular and capillary recruitment function.”
From Synthetic photoplethysmography (PPG) of the radial artery through parallelized Monte Carlo and its correlation to body mass index (BMI) (2021) · cites this paper as [38]
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- Authors
- Lanka, P., Segala, A., Farina, A., Konugolu Venkata Sekar, S., Nisoli, E., Valerio, A., Taroni, P., Cubeddu, R., & Pifferi, A.
- Affiliations
- Politecnico di Milano (IT)
- University of Brescia (IT)
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie (IT)
- University of Milan (IT)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Biomedical Optics Express
- Publisher
- Optica Publishing Group
- Published
- 2020-04-28
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 2779
- ISSN
- 2156-7085 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7249825
- OpenAlex
- W3018681539
- Cited by
- 39
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 12
- FWCI
- 2.68
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Biomedical Optics Express (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca (Universita Degli Studi Di Milano) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Virtual Community of Pathological Anatomy (University of Castilla La Mancha) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Institutional Research Information System (Università degli Studi di Brescia) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions (675332)
- Fondazione Cariplo (2016-1006)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy Techniques
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biophysics › Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Optical Coherence Tomography Applications
- Keywords
- subcutaneous adipose tissue, source-detector distance, skin hydration
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