The DOI matches its Crossref record; 47 of the 50 references it cites were found in a registry or an index, and 3 are not checked yet.
Realization of a timescale with an accurate optical lattice clock
Open accessAbstract
Optical clocks are not only powerful tools for prime fundamental research, but are also deemed for the re-definition of the SI base unit second as they now surpass the performance of caesium atomic clocks in both accuracy and stability by more than an order of magnitude. However, an important obstacle in this transition has so far been the limited reliability of the optical clocks that made a continuous realization of a timescale impractical. In this paper, we demonstrate how this situation can be resolved and that a timescale based on an optical clock can be established that is superior to one based on even the best caesium fountain clocks. The paper also gives further proof of the international consistency of strontium lattice clocks on the $10^{-16}$ accuracy level, which is another prerequisite for a change in the definition of the second.
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“This international all-optical clock measurement surpasses the accuracy of the best possible comparison achievable by measurements against primary caesium clocks by one order of magnitude5212223.”
From A clock network for geodesy and fundamental science (2016) · cites this paper as [22]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“The accuracy of the former method is limited by the caesium microwave clocks with the most stringent bound set by our groups5212223 at an agreement within 4 × 10−16”
From A clock network for geodesy and fundamental science (2016) · cites this paper as [22]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“After accounting for a linear drift, the dominant contribution to the extrapolation uncertainty is due to the stochastic maser behaviour 42,43,86 .”
From Intercontinental comparison of optical atomic clocks through very long baseline interferometry (2021) · cites this paper as [43]
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In the citing paper
“The details of the actual implementation of state preparation and interrogation being quite different in the two experimental realizations of a Sr lattice clock5212223, systematic and statistical uncertainties are highly independent and uncorrelated.”
From A clock network for geodesy and fundamental science (2016) · cites this paper as [22]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
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Citations
Cites
Ludlow, A. D., Boyd, M. M., Ye, J., Peik, E., & Schmidt, P. O. (2015) · Reviews of Modern Physics · doi:10.1103/revmodphys.87.637 · Cited by 2,385
An optical lattice clock with accuracy and stability at the 10−18 level
Bloom, B. J., Nicholson, T. L., Williams, J. R., Campbell, S. L., Bishof, M., Zhang, X., Zhang, W., Bromley, S. L., & Ye, J. (2014) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature12941 · Cited by 1,073
Frequency Comparison of Two High-Accuracy Al + Optical Clocks
Chou, C., Hume, D., Koelemeij, J., Wineland, D., & Rosenband, T. (2010) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.104.070802 · Cited by 903
An Atomic Clock with 10 –18 Instability
Hinkley, N., Sherman, J. A., Phillips, N. B., Schioppo, M., Lemke, N. D., Beloy, K., Pizzocaro, M., Oates, C. W., & Ludlow, A. D. (2013) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1240420 · Cited by 817
Systematic evaluation of an atomic clock at 2 × 10−18 total uncertainty
Nicholson, T. L., Campbell, S. L., Hutson, R. B., Marti, G. E., Bloom, B. J., McNally, R. L., Zhang, W., Barrett, M. D., Safronova, M. S., Strouse, G. F., et al. (2015) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms7896 · Cited by 780
A sub-40-mHz-linewidth laser based on a silicon single-crystal optical cavity
Keßler, T., Hagemann, C., Grebing, C., Legero, T., Sterr, U., Riehle, F., Martin, M. J., Chen, L., & Ye, J. (2012) · Nature Photonics · doi:10.1038/nphoton.2012.217 · Cited by 755
Self-citationSingle-Ion Atomic Clock with 3 × 10 − 18 Systematic Uncertainty
Huntemann, N., Sanner, C., Lipphardt, B., Tamm, C., & Peik, E. (2016) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.116.063001 · Cited by 677
Self-citationCryogenic optical lattice clocks
Ushijima, I., Takamoto, M., Das, M., Ohkubo, T., & Katori, H. (2015) · Nature Photonics · doi:10.1038/nphoton.2015.5 · Cited by 627
Godun, R. M., Nisbet-Jones, P. B. R., Jones, J. M., King, S. A., Johnson, L. A. M., Margolis, H. S., Szymaniec, K., Lea, S. N., Bongs, K., & Gill, P. (2014) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.113.210801 · Cited by 468
Improved Limit on a Temporal Variation ofmp/mefrom Comparisons ofYb+and Cs Atomic Clocks
Huntemann, N., Lipphardt, B., Tamm, C., Gerginov, V., Weyers, S., & Peik, E. (2014) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.113.210802 · Cited by 366
Self-citation
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Optical frequency combs: Coherently uniting the electromagnetic spectrum
Diddams, S. A., Vahala, K. J., & Udem, T. (2020) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aay3676 · Cited by 746
Geodesy and metrology with a transportable optical clock
Grotti, J., Koller, S., Vogt, S., Häfner, S., Sterr, U., Lisdat, C., Denker, H., Voigt, C., Timmen, L., Rolland, A., et al. (2018) · Nature Physics · doi:10.1038/s41567-017-0042-3 · Cited by 495
Self-citationA clock network for geodesy and fundamental science
Lisdat, C., Grosche, G., Quintin, N., Shi, C., Raupach, S. M. F., Grebing, C., Nicolodi, D., Stefani, F., Al-Masoudi, A., Dörscher, S., et al. (2016) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms12443 · Cited by 460
Self-citationFrequency ratio measurements at 18-digit accuracy using an optical clock network
Boulder Atomic Clock Optical Network (BACON) Collaboration*, Beloy, K., Bodine, M. I., Bothwell, T., Brewer, S. M., Bromley, S. L., Chen, J.-S., Deschênes, J.-D., Diddams, S. A., Fasano, R. J., et al. (2021) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03253-4 · Cited by 390
A Fermi-degenerate three-dimensional optical lattice clock
Campbell, S. L., Hutson, R. B., Marti, G. E., Goban, A., Darkwah Oppong, N., McNally, R. L., Sonderhouse, L., Robinson, J. M., Zhang, W., Bloom, B. J., et al. (2017) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aam5538 · Cited by 384
Metadata
- Authors
- Grebing, C., Al-Masoudi, A., Dörscher, S., Häfner, S., Gerginov, V., Weyers, S., Lipphardt, B., Riehle, F., Sterr, U., & Lisdat, C.
- Venue
- Optica
- Publisher
- Optica Publishing Group
- Published
- 2016-05-25
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 563
- ISSN
- 2334-2536 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2295004978
- Cited by
- 149
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 26 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 6
- FWCI
- 10.25
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Optica (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Funders
- Centre of Quantum Engineering and Space-Time Research (QUEST)
- German Research Foundation (DFG) (RTG 1729, CRC 1128)
- International Timescales with Optical Clocks (ITOC)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Advanced Frequency and Time Standards
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Networks and Communications › Network Time Synchronization Technologies
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Instrumentation › Scientific Measurement and Uncertainty Evaluation
- Keywords
- optical lattice clock, redefinition of the second, clock frequency stability
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