A Fermi-degenerate three-dimensional optical lattice clock
Open accessAbstract
Making a denser optical lattice clock: Some of today's most advanced clocks are made up of large numbers of atoms lined up in a one-dimensional (1D) optical lattice. The numbers improve clock stability, but atomic interactions can limit accuracy. Campbell et al. loaded their fermionic strontium atoms into a 3D optical lattice. The low temperatures and strong interactions ensured that the atoms avoided one another, resulting in a neat pattern where each lattice site was occupied by exactly one atom. This ordering reduced the influence of interactions on the clock's accuracy, whereas the high density of atoms enabled by the 3D geometry improved the precision. Science , this issue p. 90
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Three-dimensional optical lattice clocks allow to greatly improve the integration times necessary to attain some specified accuracy for the clock.
“Some recent techniques such as three-dimensional optical lattice clocks [104] allow to greatly improve the integration times necessary to attain some specified accuracy for the clock.”
From Chronometric Geodesy: Methods and Applications (2019) · cites this paper as [104]
The Abstract (p. 1) reports 5 × 10^-19 measurement precision after one hour of averaging, and the Main Text (p. 8) says the system could improve the clock-stability limit by more than an order of magnitude. These support the idea of faster precision measurements, but the paper does not demonstrate a comparative reduction in integration time needed to attain a specified clock accuracy; its larger stability improvement is presented as a possibility. (LLM, conf=0.82)
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Background1.5 μm Lasers with sub 10 mHz Linewidth
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Self-citationLattice Induced Frequency Shifts in Sr Optical Lattice Clocks at the $10^{-17}$ Level
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Atomic clock performance enabling geodesy below the centimetre level
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1.5 μ m Lasers with Sub-10 mHz Linewidth
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Self-citationQuantum Simulators: Architectures and Opportunities
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Self-citationDemonstration of 4.8 × 10−17 stability at 1 s for two independent optical clocks
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Self-citationTools for quantum simulation with ultracold atoms in optical lattices
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Resolving the gravitational redshift across a millimetre-scale atomic sample
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Self-citationQuantum science with optical tweezer arrays of ultracold atoms and molecules
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“Consequently, a frequency comparison of the SrI clock against a stable reference (the JILA 3D clock [18]), figure 2(c), can average well into the 10−19 decade without systematic effects impacting the clock stability.”
BackgroundSelf-citationOptical clock comparison for Lorentz symmetry testing
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The CIPM list of recommended frequency standard values: guidelines and procedures
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“Beyond the aspect of reduced averaging time, the outstanding spectral resolution allows to resolve inhomogeneous influences on the transition frequency of the reference transition caused by e.g. interactions between atoms (Martin et al 2013) or with the trapping light field (Campbell et al 2017).”
InfluentialMatter-wave Atomic Gradiometer Interferometric Sensor (MAGIS-100)
Abe, M., Adamson, P., Borcean, M., Bortoletto, D., Bridges, K., Carman, S. P., Chattopadhyay, S., Coleman, J. P., Curfman, N. M., DeRose, K., et al. (2021) · Quantum Science and Technology · doi:10.1088/2058-9565/abf719 · Cited by 243 · see citing works
“Instead, these proposals require an auxiliary inertial reference that can be realized by, for example, placing the OLCs on drag-free satellites [7].”
InfluentialCorato-Zanarella, M., Gil-Molina, A., Ji, X., Shin, M. C., Mohanty, A., & Lipson, M. (2023) · Nature Photonics · doi:10.1038/s41566-022-01120-w · Cited by 233 · see citing works
Microscopic Control and Detection of Ultracold Strontium in Optical-Tweezer Arrays
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Half-minute-scale atomic coherence and high relative stability in a tweezer clock
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Self-citationExploring dynamical phase transitions with cold atoms in an optical cavity
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Imaging Optical Frequencies with 100 μHz Precision and 1.1 μm Resolution
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Self-citationSeconds-scale coherence on an optical clock transition in a tweezer array
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Self-citationDifferential clock comparisons with a multiplexed optical lattice clock
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“96(24) ms 6(1) s 24(5) s 26(2) s Gaussian Gaussian exponential exponential”
BackgroundInfluentialAtom Interferometry with the Sr Optical Clock Transition
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An Atomic-Array Optical Clock with Single-Atom Readout
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“Such atomic array optical clocks (AOCs) could approach the sub-10−16/ √ τ level of stability achieved with OLCs [2, 4, 36, 37] by increasing interrogation time and atom number.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialThe missing link in gravitational-wave astronomy: discoveries waiting in the decihertz range
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Free-space dissemination of time and frequency with 10−19 instability over 113 km
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2000-Times Repeated Imaging of Strontium Atoms in Clock-Magic Tweezer Arrays
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Variational Spin-Squeezing Algorithms on Programmable Quantum Sensors
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Self-citationFrequency Measurements of Superradiance from the Strontium Clock Transition
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“4275(2) nm, limited by the resolution of the wavemeter (calibrated using our narrow-line cooling laser at 689 nm), in good agreement with known results [3, 4, 54, 55].”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialSelf-citationThe missing link in gravitational-wave astronomy: discoveries waiting in the decihertz range
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Near-Unitary Spin Squeezing in Yb171
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Observation of a transition between dynamical phases in a quantum degenerate Fermi gas
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Critical open-system dynamics in a one-dimensional optical-lattice clock
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Emergence of multi-body interactions in a fermionic lattice clock
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Self-citationQuantum-enhanced sensing on optical transitions through finite-range interactions
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“…better protection is expected to be achieved in optical qubits trapped in higher spatial dimensions 25–29 , such as planar Coulomb crystals built using new mono-lithic radiofrequency traps 39,40 , or Penning traps 24,41 , as well as in optical tweezer arrays 22,42–44 and 3D optical lattices 45 .”
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Self-citationMolecular lattice clock with long vibrational coherence
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Shattered time: can a dissipative time crystal survive many-body correlations?
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Collective Lamb Shift of a Nanoscale Atomic Vapor Layer within a Sapphire Cavity
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Shattered time: can a dissipative time crystal survive many-body correlations?
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Thermodynamics of a deeply degenerate SU(N)-symmetric Fermi gas
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Self-citationState-Dependent Optical Lattices for the Strontium Optical Qubit
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“Although these losses can be suppressed in deep three-dimensional optical lattices [9], such strong trapping precludes using tunneling and elastic collisions [10] to entangle atoms in different lattice sites.”
BackgroundRobust Spin Squeezing via Photon-Mediated Interactions on an Optical Clock Transition
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A Chip‐Scale Oscillation‐Mode Optomechanical Inertial Sensor Near the Thermodynamical Limits
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Dynamics of interacting fermions under spin–orbit coupling in an optical lattice clock
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Self-citationThe Search for Variation of Fundamental Constants with Clocks
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Precision spectroscopy of helium in a magic wavelength optical dipole trap
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Spin-Twisted Optical Lattices: Tunable Flat Bands and Larkin-Ovchinnikov Superfluids.
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BackgroundActive vibration isolation of ultra-stable optical reference cavity of space optical clock
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Atoms and molecules in the search for time-reversal symmetry violation
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Self-citationSingle-Beam Zeeman Slower and Magneto-Optical Trap Using a Nanofabricated Grating
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“For example, Sr [7] or Yb [8] can be used as a highly accurate clock.”
Lattice-induced photon scattering in an optical lattice clock
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New Methods for Testing Lorentz Invariance with Atomic Systems
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Electric Field Measurement and Application Based on Rydberg Atoms
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Single-copy entanglement detection
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A pyramid MOT with integrated optical cavities as a cold atom platform for an optical lattice clock
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“─ 4 c 2 √ _ V 0 ) J l ( 4 J 0 ─ Mg a L sin (φ / 2 ) (1)”
Self-citationEngineering Quantum States of Matter for Atomic Clocks in Shallow Optical Lattices
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Self-citationCa+40 ion optical clock with micromotion-induced shifts below 1×10−18
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One- and Two-Axis Squeezing via Laser Coupling in an Atomic Fermi-Hubbard Model
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Compact 459-nm Cs Cell Optical Frequency Standard with 2.1×10−13/τ Short-Term Stability
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Cold-atom clock based on a diffractive optic
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Isotope-shift spectroscopy of the S 0 1 → P 1 3 and S 0 1 → P 0 3 transitions in strontium
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Laser with 10−13 short-term instability for compact optically pumped cesium beam atomic clock
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A lab-based test of the gravitational redshift with a miniature clock network
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The unit of time: Present and future directions
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“Some notable ones are frequency shifts due to blackbody radiation [69][70][64][66][65][67][68][71] and to electric fields [72], shifts induced by the lattice light [73][74], shifts induced by interactions [75], light-shifts induced by probe light [76].”
BackgroundSpectroscopic probes of quantum gases
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Strontium optical lattice clock at the National Time Service Center
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Probing Time Dilation in Coulomb Crystals in a High-Precision Ion Trap
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Engineering spin squeezing in a 3D optical lattice with interacting spin-orbit-coupled fermions
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“Optical lattice clocks in particular have seen some of the most impressive developments in recent years, reaching record levels of precision (∼ 3 × 10−19)[4, 5] and accuracy (∼ 1 × 10−18)[6, 7].”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationContinuous Guided Strontium Beam with High Phase-Space Density
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Clock spectroscopy of interacting bosons in deep optical lattices
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“While atomic interactions are usually detrimental in frequency metrology [1], degenerate quantum gases may help to improve the accuracy of optical clocks by offering a better control over interaction effects [1], as suggested by a recent demonstration with a degenerate Fermi gas of (87)Sr [14].”
BackgroundReal-time phase tracking for wide-band optical frequency measurements at the 20th decimal place
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13 134-Km Fiber-Optic Time Synchronization
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Self-citationSteady-State Magneto-Optical Trap with 100-Fold Improved Phase-Space Density
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Suppressing residual amplitude modulation to the 10−7 level in optical phase modulation
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“These requirements can be met using lasers stabilized to a high-finesse optical cavity [26,27], exploiting techniques developed for lasers on state-of-the-art optical lattice clocks operating at fractional instabilities <10−18 [28,29] requiring subhertz (sub-Hz) laser linewidths [30–32].”
Controlling the interaction of ultracold alkaline-earth atoms
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Measuring gravitational time dilation with delocalized quantum superpositions
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Ultra-broadband dual-branch optical frequency comb with 10 −18 instability
Rolland, A., Li, P., Kuse, N., Jiang, J., Cassinerio, M., Langrock, C., & Fermann, M. E. (2018) · Optica · doi:10.1364/optica.5.001070 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Spin squeezing and many-body dipolar dynamics in optical lattice clocks
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Floquet Engineering Hz-Level Rabi Spectra in Shallow Optical Lattice Clock
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Enhancing sensitivity to rotations with quantum solitonic currents
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“In precision measurement, manybody correlations have recently been used in optical lattice clocks to prepare isolated atoms [8], allowing in turn to measure many-body effects with clock precision [9].”
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Multipolar Polarizabilities and Hyperpolarizabilities in the Sr Optical Lattice Clock
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“As the atomic clock with the highest performance index in the world, the measurement accuracy of a strontium atomic optical clock has entered the order of 10−19 [20].”
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“This is within a factor of three of the finest scan resolution achieved using state-of-the-art LOs, but unlike earlier high-resolution scans [28, 51, 52] we observe no significant loss of contrast on the Ramsey fringes.”
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PyLCP: A Python package for computing laser cooling physics
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“uations to simulate the particular experimental interest. 1. Introduction Laser cooling is ubiquitous in modern atomic physics. Cooling, trapping, and manipulating atoms has led to advances in clocks [1,2,3], inertial sensors [4,5,6], magnetometers [7,8], emerging quantum technologies [9,10], and tests of fundamental…”
Background
- Authors
- Campbell, S. L., Hutson, R. B., Marti, G. E., Goban, A., Darkwah Oppong, N., McNally, R. L., Sonderhouse, L., Robinson, J. M., Zhang, W., Bloom, B. J., & Ye, J.
- Affiliations
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (US)
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and University of Colorado Boulder, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
- Corresponding author
- Campbell, S. L.
- Hutson, R. B.
- Ye, J.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2017-10-06
- Volume
- 358
- Issue
- 6359
- Pages
- 90-94
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W2949618864
- Semantic Scholar
- 51b96167c3f995faf85982f7a72342bc0de0c14a
- Cited by
- 384
- References
- 63
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 33 · 2024: 35 · 2023: 36 · 2022: 49 · 2021: 38 · 2020: 50 · 2019: 68 · 2018: 61 · 2017: 6
- FWCI
- 24.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- arxiv.org
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- CU Scholar (University of Colorado Boulder) (submittedVersion)
- MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (award287270)
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (award287271)
- Air Force Office of Scientific Research (award307994, MURI)
- Defense Sciences Office, DARPA (award287272)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Advanced Frequency and Time Standards
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Cold Atom Physics and Bose-Einstein Condensates
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Quantum Information and Cryptography
- Keywords
- optical lattice clock, three-dimensional optical lattice, Fermi degeneracy, interatomic interactions, clock stability, atomic density, ultracold atoms
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