Widespread winners and narrow-ranged losers: Land use homogenizes biodiversity in local assemblages worldwide
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Human use of the land (for agriculture and settlements) has a substantial negative effect on biodiversity globally. However, not all species are adversely affected by land use, and indeed, some benefit from the creation of novel habitat. Geographically rare species may be more negatively affected by land use than widespread species, but data limitations have so far prevented global multi-clade assessments of land-use effects on narrow-ranged and widespread species. We analyse a large, global database to show consistent differences in assemblage composition. Compared with natural habitat, assemblages in disturbed habitats have more widespread species on average, especially in urban areas and the tropics. All else being equal, this result means that human land use is homogenizing assemblage composition across space. Disturbed habitats show both reduced abundances of narrow-ranged species and increased abundances of widespread species. Our results are very important for biodiversity conservation because narrow-ranged species are typically at higher risk of extinction than widespread species. Furthermore, the shift to more widespread species may also affect ecosystem functioning by reducing both the contribution of rare species and the diversity of species' responses to environmental changes among local assemblages.
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The combination of declining endemic species and the spread of already widespread species drives 'biotic homogenization', a convergence of biological communities across regions.
“This combination of declining endemic species and the spread of already widespread species as humans purposefully or unwittingly transport species around the world drives ' biotic homogenization ' ( 45 , 46 ), a convergence of biological communities across regions that blurs the patterns on life ' s rich tapestry.”
From Pervasive human-driven decline of life on Earth points to the need for transformative change (2019) · cites this paper as [45]
The Results and Discussion report that narrow-ranged species decline while already widespread species increase in abundance under human land use, leading to more similar terrestrial assemblages. The paper does not establish the citing sentence’s additional mechanism that humans transport those species around the world. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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- Authors
- Newbold, T., Hudson, L. N., Contu, S., Hill, S. L. L., Beck, J., Liu, Y., Meyer, C., Phillips, H. R. P., Scharlemann, J. P. W., & Purvis, A.
- Affiliations
- University College London (GB)
- Natural History Museum (GB)
- University of Colorado Boulder (US)
- China Agricultural University (CN)
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (DE)
- University of Sussex (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Newbold, Tim
- ORCID
- Venue
- PLOS Biology
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2018-12-04
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- e2006841
- ISSN
- 1544-9173 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-7885
- PMC
- PMC6279023
- OpenAlex
- W2903542802
- Cited by
- 287
- References
- 66
- Citations by year
- 2026: 35 · 2025: 42 · 2024: 38 · 2023: 39 · 2022: 29 · 2021: 47 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 27
- FWCI
- 20.15
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- PLoS Biology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Sussex Research Online (University of Sussex) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Royal Society (UF150526)
- Imperial College London
- Volkswagen Foundation (0066354)
- Natural Environment Research Council (NE/J011193/2, NE/M014533/1)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Nature and Landscape Conservation › Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Land Use and Ecosystem Services
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecological Modeling › Species Distribution and Climate Change
- Keywords
- land use, widespread species, assemblage composition, habitat disturbance, urbanization, tropical habitats, extinction risk, biodiversity conservation, ecosystem functioning
- MeSH terms
- Natural Resources, Agriculture, Animals, Conservation of Natural Resources, Humans, Ecosystem, Biodiversity
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