The DOI matches its Crossref record; 5 of the 5 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
A Genealogical Interpretation of Principal Components Analysis
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
PCA clustering is sensitive to the sample size of different ancestries and also to their amount of genetic drift, which exaggerates principal component distances.
“It is notable that PCA clustering is sensitive to the sample size of different ancestries and also to their amount of genetic drift, which exaggerates principal component distances 207,208,211,212 .”
From Ancient DNA analysis (2021) · cites this paper as [208]
The Results section, “Uneven sampling has a strong influence on PCA projections” (page unavailable), says unequal population sample sizes distort PCA space. The two-population example links PC distance to population divergence, but the retrieved passages do not establish the more specific claim that differing amounts of genetic drift exaggerate those distances. (LLM, conf=0.83)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Principal components analysis corrects for stratification in genome-wide association studies
Price, A. L., Patterson, N. J., Plenge, R. M., Weinblatt, M. E., Shadick, N. A., & Reich, D. (2006) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng1847 · Cited by 10,248
Population Structure and Eigenanalysis
Patterson, N., Price, A. L., & Reich, D. (2006) · PLoS Genetics · doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.0020190 · Cited by 5,280
Genes mirror geography within Europe
Novembre, J., Johnson, T., Bryc, K., Kutalik, Z., Boyko, A. R., Auton, A., Indap, A., King, K. S., Bergmann, S., Nelson, M. R., et al. (2008) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature07331 · Cited by 1,479
Y genetic data support the Neolithic demic diffusion model
Chikhi, L., Nichols, R. A., Barbujani, G., & Beaumont, M. A. (2002) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.162158799 · Cited by 327
The effect of the Neolithic expansion on European molecular diversity
Currat, M., & Excoffier, L. (2005) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2004.2999 · Cited by 210
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 12
- D Reich, 2008, Principal component analysis of genetic data., Nat Genet, 40, 491, 10.1038/ng0508-491 · DOI
- S Klopfstein, 2006, The fate of mutations surfing on the wave of a range expansion., Mol Biol Evol, 23, 482, 10.1093/molbev/msj057 · DOI · Paper page
- G Barbujani, 1995, Indo-European origins: a computer-simulation test of five hypotheses., Am J Phys Anthropol, 96, 109, 10.1002/ajpa.1330960202 · DOI · Paper page
- AG Fix, 1997, Gene frequency clines produced by kin-structured founder effects., Hum Biol, 69, 663
- J Novembre, 2008, Interpreting principal component analyses of spatial population genetic variation., Nat Genet, 40, 646, 10.1038/ng.139 · DOI
- M Slatkin, 1991, Inbreeding coefficients and coalescence times., Genet Res, 58, 167, 10.1017/S0016672300029827 · DOI
- HM Wilkinson-Herbots, 1998, Genealogy and subpopulation differentiation under various models of population structure., J Math Biol, 37, 535, 10.1007/s002850050140 · DOI
- GA McVean, 2002, A genealogical interpretation of linkage disequilibrium., Genetics, 162, 987, 10.1093/genetics/162.2.987 · DOI
- J Baik, 2005, Phase transition of the largest eigenvalue for nonnull complex sample covariance matrices., Ann Probability, 33, 1643, 10.1214/009117905000000233 · DOI
- P Debashis, 2007, Asymptotics of sample eigenstructure for a large dimensional spiked covariance model., Statistica Sinica, 17, 1617
- S Schaffner, 2005, Calibrating a coalescent simulation of human genome sequence variation., Genome Res, 15, 1576, 10.1101/gr.3709305 · DOI · Paper page
- 2005, A haplotype map of the human genome., Nature, 27, 1299
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Inference of population splits and mixtures from genome-wide allele frequency data
Pickrell, J. K., & Pritchard, J. K. (2012) · PLoS Genetics · doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1002967 · Cited by 2,731
Inference of Population Structure using Dense Haplotype Data
Lawson, D. J., Hellenthal, G., Myers, S., & Falush, D. (2012) · PLoS Genetics · doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1002453 · Cited by 1,188
Characterization of the oral fungal microbiome (mycobiome) in healthy individuals
Ghannoum, M. A., Jurevic, R. J., Mukherjee, P. K., Cui, F., Sikaroodi, M., Naqvi, A., & Gillevet, P. M. (2010) · PLoS Pathogens · doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1000713 · Cited by 1,150
“Principal Coordinate (PCO) analysis has been recognized as a simple and straight-forward method to group or separate samples in a dataset, and has been used in disease-association studies [22,23].”
MethodA tutorial on how not to over-interpret STRUCTURE and ADMIXTURE bar plots
Lawson, D. J., van Dorp, L., & Falush, D. (2018) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-018-05257-7 · Cited by 560
Worldwide Patterns of Ancestry, Divergence, and Admixture in Domesticated Cattle
Decker, J. E., McKay, S. D., Rolf, M. M., Kim, J., Molina Alcalá, A., Sonstegard, T. S., Hanotte, O., Götherström, A., Seabury, C. M., Praharani, L., et al. (2014) · PLoS Genetics · doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1004254 · Cited by 521
The genetics of Mexico recapitulates Native American substructure and affects biomedical traits
Moreno-Estrada, A., Gignoux, C. R., Fernández-López, J. C., Zakharia, F., Sikora, M., Contreras, A. V., Acuña-Alonzo, V., Sandoval, K., Eng, C., Romero-Hidalgo, S., et al. (2014) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1251688 · Cited by 478
Orlando, L., Allaby, R., Skoglund, P., Der Sarkissian, C., Stockhammer, P. W., Ávila-Arcos, M. C., Fu, Q., Krause, J., Willerslev, E., Stone, A. C., et al. (2021) · Nature Reviews Methods Primers · doi:10.1038/s43586-020-00011-0 · Cited by 411
New World Cattle Show Ancestry from Multiple Independent Domestication Events
McTavish, E. J., Decker, J. E., Schnabel, R. D., Taylor, J. F., & Hillis, D. M. (2013) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1303367110 · Cited by 218
Comparing Spatial Maps of Human Population-Genetic Variation Using Procrustes Analysis
Wang, C., Szpiech, Z. A., Degnan, J. H., Jakobsson, M., Pemberton, T. J., Hardy, J. A., Singleton, A. B., & Rosenberg, N. A. (2010) · Statistical Applications in Genetics and Molecular Biology · doi:10.2202/1544-6115.1493 · Cited by 124
Genomic Insights into the Population History and Adaptive Traits of Latin American Criollo Cattle
Ward, J. A., Ng'ang'a, S. I., Randhawa, I. A. S., McHugo, G. P., O'Grady, J. F., Flórez, J. M., Browne, J. A., Pérez O’Brien, A. M., Landaeta-Hernández, A. J., Garcia, J. F., et al. (2024) · Royal Society Open Science · doi:10.1098/rsos.231388 · Cited by 17
Crossett, A., Kent, B. P., Klei, L., Ringquist, S., Trucco, M., Roeder, K., & Devlin, B. (2010) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.4057 · Cited by 15
McHugo, G. P., Ward, J. A., Browne, J. A., O’Gorman, G. M., Meade, K. G., Hill, E. W., Hall, T. J., & MacHugh, D. E. (2025) · doi:10.1101/2025.01.31.635858 · Cited by 4
Metadata
- Authors
- McVean, G.
- Venue
- PLoS Genetics
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2009-10-16
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- e1000686
- ISSN
- 1553-7404
- PMC
- PMC2757795
- Cited by
- 568
- References
- 5
- Language
- en
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review