New World Cattle Show Ancestry from Multiple Independent Domestication Events
Open accessAbstract
Previous archeological and genetic research has shown that modern cattle breeds are descended from multiple independent domestication events of the wild aurochs (Bos primigenius) ∼10,000 y ago. Two primary areas of domestication in the Middle East/Europe and the Indian subcontinent resulted in taurine and indicine lines of cattle, respectively. American descendants of cattle brought by European explorers to the New World beginning in 1493 generally have been considered to belong to the taurine lineage. Our analyses of 47,506 single nucleotide polymorphisms show that these New World cattle breeds, as well as many related breeds of cattle in southern Europe, actually exhibit ancestry from both the taurine and indicine lineages. In this study, we show that, although European cattle are largely descended from the taurine lineage, gene flow from African cattle (partially of indicine origin) contributed substantial genomic components to both southern European cattle breeds and their New World descendants. New World cattle breeds, such as Texas Longhorns, provide an opportunity to study global population structure and domestication in cattle. Following their introduction into the Americas in the late 1400s, semiferal herds of cattle underwent between 80 and 200 generations of predominantly natural selection, as opposed to the human-mediated artificial selection of Old World breeding programs. Our analyses of global cattle breed population history show that the hybrid ancestry of New World breeds contributed genetic variation that likely facilitated the adaptation of these breeds to a novel environment.
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Breeds like the Texas Longhorn underwent continuous crossbreeding with zebu ancestry, facilitating the spread of African cattle in the Americas and globally.
“Breeds like the Texas Longhorn underwent continuous crossbreeding with zebu ancestry [54], facilitating the spread of African cattle in the Americas and globally.”
From The Genomic Landscape of Cattle: Domestication, Dispersal, and Adaptive Evolution (2026) · cites this paper as [54]
By 1540, they had expanded north to Texas, giving rise to the Texas Longhorn breed.
“By 1540, they had expanded north to Texas, giving rise to the Texas Longhorn breed [54].”
From The Genomic Landscape of Cattle: Domestication, Dispersal, and Adaptive Evolution (2026) · cites this paper as [54]
Brazilian and American breeds such as Creole and Nellore share similar genetic backgrounds with southern European cattle; they carry the T3 and T1 mitochondrial haplogroups and exhibit indicine ancestry.
“Brazilian and American breeds such as Creole and Nellore share similar genetic backgrounds with southern European cattle. They carry the T3 and T1 mitochondrial haplogroups and exhibit indicine ancestry [54,69,70,71,72,73,74,75].”
From The Genomic Landscape of Cattle: Domestication, Dispersal, and Adaptive Evolution (2026) · cites this paper as [54]
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- Authors
- McTavish, E. J., Decker, J. E., Schnabel, R. D., Taylor, J. F., & Hillis, D. M.
- Affiliations
- The University of Texas at Austin (US)
- University of Missouri (US)
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2013-03-25
- Volume
- 110
- Issue
- 15
- Pages
- E1398-406
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC3625352
- OpenAlex
- W2089957494
- Cited by
- 218
- References
- 64
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 5
- FWCI
- 10.83
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Licence
- other-oa
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic and phenotypic traits in livestock
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic diversity and population structure
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Forensic and Genetic Research
- Keywords
- cattle domestication, aurochs, Texas Longhorns, natural selection, hybrid ancestry, single nucleotide polymorphisms, European cattle breeds, adaptation to novel environments
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Breeding, Cattle, Europe, Genetics, Population, Genotype, Geography, Haplotypes, Models, Genetic, Nucleic Acid Hybridization, Pakistan, Species Specificity, Turkey, Genetic Variation, Cluster Analysis, Evolution, Molecular, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Genomics, Principal Component Analysis
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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