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Cited by 253Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic DiseasesDiabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and LipoproteinsAdipose Tissue and Metabolism

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Insulin Resistance and Body Fat Distribution in South Asian Men Compared to Caucasian Men

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Chandalia, Manisha, Lin, Ping, Seenivasan, Thanalakshmi, Livingston, Edward H., Snell, Peter G., Grundy, Scott M., Abate, Nicola·2007·PLoS ONE
DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0000812PMC PMC1950568
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Abstract

OBJECTIVE: South Asians are susceptible to insulin resistance even without obesity. We examined the characteristics of body fat content, distribution and function in South Asian men and their relationships to insulin resistance compared to Caucasians. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Twenty-nine South Asian and 18 Caucasian non-diabetic men (age 27+/-3 and 27+/-3 years, respectively) underwent euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp for insulin sensitivity, underwater weighing for total body fat, MRI of entire abdomen for intraperitoneal (IP) and subcutaneous abdominal (SA) fat and biopsy of SA fat for adipocyte size. RESULTS: Compared to Caucasians, in spite of similar BMI, South Asians had higher total body fat (22+/-6 and 15+/-4% of body weight; p-value<0.0001), higher SA fat (3.5+/-1.9 and 2.2+/-1.3 kg, respectively; p-value = 0.004), but no differences in IP fat (1.0+/-0.5 and 1.0+/-0.7 kg, respectively; p-value = 0.4). SA adipocyte cell size was significantly higher in South Asians (3491+/-1393 and 1648+/-864 microm2; p-value = 0.0001) and was inversely correlated with both glucose disposal rate (r-value = -0.57; p-value = 0.0008) and plasma adiponectin concentrations (r-value = -0.71; p-value<0.0001). Adipocyte size differences persisted even when SA was matched between South Asians and Caucasians. CONCLUSIONS: Insulin resistance in young South Asian men can be observed even without increase in IP fat mass and is related to large SA adipocytes size. Hence ethnic excess in insulin resistance in South Asians appears to be related more to excess truncal fat and dysfunctional adipose tissue than to excess visceral fat.

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Figures

Figure 1 Relationship between Total and regional body fat distribution and body mass index (A–D). Relationship between total body fat and (E) waist circumference and (F) truncal skinfolds. Spearman correlation coefficients and p-values for South Asians and Caucasians respectively are as follows: A: r = 0.71, p<0.0001 and r = 0.69, p = 0.001; B: r = 0.74, p<0.0001 and r = 0.70, p = 0.002; C: r = 0.81, p<0.0001 and r = 0.74, p = 0.0004; D: r = 0.78, p<0.0001 and r = 0.62, p = 0.006; E: r = 0.83, p<0.0001 and r = 0.66, p = 0.003; F: r = 0.82, p<0.0001 and r = 0.86, p<0.0001. South Asians are depicted as dark triangles, solid line and Caucasians are depicted as white squares and dotted line.
Figure 1 Relationship between Total and regional body fat distribution and body mass index (A–D). Relationship between total body fat and (E) waist circumference and (F) truncal skinfolds. Spearman correlation coefficients and p-values for South Asians and Caucasians respectively are as follows: A: r = 0.71, p<0.0001 and r = 0.69, p = 0.001; B: r = 0.74, p<0.0001 and r = 0.70, p = 0.002; C: r = 0.81, p<0.0001 and r = 0.74, p = 0.0004; D: r = 0.78, p<0.0001 and r = 0.62, p = 0.006; E: r = 0.83, p<0.0001 and r = 0.66, p = 0.003; F: r = 0.82, p<0.0001 and r = 0.86, p<0.0001. South Asians are depicted as dark triangles, solid line and Caucasians are depicted as white squares and dotted line.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 2 Relationship between glucose disposal rate and total and regional body fat (A–C). Spearman correlation coefficients and p-values for South Asians and Caucasians respectively are as follows: A: r = −0.42, p = 0.02 and r = −0.58, p = 0.01; B: r = −0.40, p = 0.03 and r = −0.39, p = 0.05; C: r = −0.04, p = 0.03 and r = −0.39, p = 0.04. South Asians: dark triangles, solid line and Caucasians: white squares and dotted line
Figure 2 Relationship between glucose disposal rate and total and regional body fat (A–C). Spearman correlation coefficients and p-values for South Asians and Caucasians respectively are as follows: A: r = −0.42, p = 0.02 and r = −0.58, p = 0.01; B: r = −0.40, p = 0.03 and r = −0.39, p = 0.05; C: r = −0.04, p = 0.03 and r = −0.39, p = 0.04. South Asians: dark triangles, solid line and Caucasians: white squares and dotted lineCC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 3 Representative pictures of the enlarged adipocytes from South Asian (left panel) and Caucasian (right panel) volunteers. Both images were obtained with SPOT digital camera using 10× magnification.
Figure 3 Representative pictures of the enlarged adipocytes from South Asian (left panel) and Caucasian (right panel) volunteers. Both images were obtained with SPOT digital camera using 10× magnification.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 4 Adipocyte size in the abdominal subcutaneous area is correlated to A) glucose disposal rate during hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp and to B) plasma adiponectin concentrations. Spearman correlation coefficients and p-values for South Asians and Caucasians respectively are as follows: A: r = −0.57, p = 0.0008; B: r = −0.71, p = <0.0001. South Asians: dark triangles, solid line and Caucasians: white squares and dotted line
Figure 4 Adipocyte size in the abdominal subcutaneous area is correlated to A) glucose disposal rate during hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp and to B) plasma adiponectin concentrations. Spearman correlation coefficients and p-values for South Asians and Caucasians respectively are as follows: A: r = −0.57, p = 0.0008; B: r = −0.71, p = <0.0001. South Asians: dark triangles, solid line and Caucasians: white squares and dotted lineCC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 5 Body composition, abdominal subcutaneous adipocyte size, plasma adiponectin and glucose disposal rate in South Asian (dark bar) and Caucasian (open bar) men who had total body fat <25% and underwent fat biopsy from subcutaneous abdominal area. Mann-Witney U test was used to compare groups. Log transformation was done for skewed values (Rd, Adiponectin and Leptin) for calculation of p value.
Figure 5 Body composition, abdominal subcutaneous adipocyte size, plasma adiponectin and glucose disposal rate in South Asian (dark bar) and Caucasian (open bar) men who had total body fat <25% and underwent fat biopsy from subcutaneous abdominal area. Mann-Witney U test was used to compare groups. Log transformation was done for skewed values (Rd, Adiponectin and Leptin) for calculation of p value.CC BY · PubMed Central

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  1. J Vague, 1999, The degree of masculine differentiation of obesities: a factor determining predisposition to diabetes, atherosclerosis, gout, and uric calculus disease., Nutrition., 15(1), 89

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Metadata

Authors
Chandalia, M., Lin, P., Seenivasan, T., Livingston, E. H., Snell, P. G., Grundy, S. M., & Abate, N.
Affiliations
The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (US)
Corresponding author
  • Chandalia, Manisha
  • Abate, Nicola
ORCID
Venue
PLoS ONE
Publisher
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Published
2007-08-29
Volume
2
Issue
8
Pages
e812
ISSN
1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1371/journal.pone.0000812
PMC
PMC1950568
OpenAlex
W2032530751
Cited by
253
References
18
Citations by year
2026: 7 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 20 · 2013: 31 · 2012: 17
FWCI
5.50
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK RO1, R01DK072158, DK072158)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
Keywords
insulin resistance, South Asian men, body fat distribution, subcutaneous abdominal fat, intraperitoneal fat, adipocyte size, adiponectin, ethnic differences, abdominal obesity, insulin sensitivity, adipose tissue dysfunction
MeSH terms
Adipose Tissue, Adult, Glucose, Humans, Insulin Resistance, Male, Glucose Clamp Technique, White People, Asian People, Intra-Abdominal Fat, Body Fat Distribution

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