Lunar phase-dependent expression of cryptochrome and a photoperiodic mechanism for lunar phase-recognition in a reef fish, goldlined spinefoot
Open accessAbstract
Lunar cycle-associated physiology has been found in a wide variety of organisms. Recent study has revealed that mRNA levels of Cryptochrome (Cry), one of the circadian clock genes, were significantly higher on a full moon night than on a new moon night in coral, implying the involvement of a photoreception system in the lunar-synchronized spawning. To better establish the generalities surrounding such a mechanism and explore the underlying molecular mechanism, we focused on the relationship between lunar phase, Cry gene expression, and the spawning behavior in a lunar-synchronized spawner, the goldlined spinefoot (Siganus guttatus), and we identified two kinds of Cry genes in this animal. Their mRNA levels showed lunar cycle-dependent expression in the medial part of the brain (mesencephalon and diencephalon) peaking at the first quarter moon. Since this lunar phase coincided with the reproductive phase of the goldlined spinefoot, Cry gene expression was considered a state variable in the lunar phase recognition system. Based on the expression profiles of SgCrys together with the moonlight's pattern of timing and duration during its nightly lunar cycle, we have further speculated on a model of lunar phase recognition for reproductive control in the goldlined spinefoot, which integrates both moonlight and circadian signals in a manner similar to photoperiodic response.
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In Siganus guttatus, cry1 and cry3 transcripts in both brain and ovaries exhibited an overall increase in the brain during NM and especially FQM, and lower levels at LQM.
“In the golden rabbitfish, Siganus guttatus, which spawns around FQM [47,48], cry1 and cry3 transcripts in both brain and ovaries were analyzed, exhibiting an overall increase in the brain (mesencephalon and diencephalon) during NM and especially FQM, and lower levels at LQM.”
From The Still Dark Side of the Moon: Molecular Mechanisms of Lunar-Controlled Rhythms and Clocks (2020) · cites this paper as [49]
In S. guttatus, mRNA levels of SgCry1 and SgCry3 fluctuate with the lunar cycle in the brain, but not the ovary.
“In the golden rabbit fish, S. guttatus, mRNA levels of two tr-cry homologs—SgCry1 and SgCry3—fluctuate with the lunar cycle in the brain, but not the ovary (30).”
From An Overview of Monthly Rhythms and Clocks (2017) · cites this paper as [30]
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- Authors
- Fukushiro, M., Takeuchi, T., Takeuchi, Y., Hur, S.-P., Sugama, N., Takemura, A., Kubo, Y., Okano, K., & Okano, T.
- Affiliations
- Waseda University (JP)
- University of the Ryukyus (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Okano, Toshiyuki
- Venue
- PLoS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2011-12-07
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- e28643
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3233589
- OpenAlex
- W2051540120
- Cited by
- 47
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 1.48
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (22657042, 22405029)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Physiology › Reproductive biology and impacts on aquatic species
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Physiological and biochemical adaptations
- Keywords
- cryptochrome, lunar phases, photoperiodism, Siganus guttatus, clock genes, gene expression, moonlight, reproductive control, coral spawning, photoreception
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Brain, Circadian Rhythm, Cloning, Molecular, Female, Fishes, Light, Ovary, Phylogeny, RNA, Messenger, Moon, Photoperiod, DNA Primers, Cryptochromes
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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