The efficacy of exercise in reducing depressive symptoms among cancer survivors: a meta-analysis
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INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this meta-analysis was to examine the efficacy of exercise to reduce depressive symptoms among cancer survivors. In addition, we examined the extent to which exercise dose and clinical characteristics of cancer survivors influence the relationship between exercise and reductions in depressive symptoms. METHODS: We conducted a systematic search identifying randomized controlled trials of exercise interventions among adult cancer survivors, examining depressive symptoms as an outcome. We calculated effect sizes for each study and performed weighted multiple regression moderator analysis. RESULTS: We identified 40 exercise interventions including 2,929 cancer survivors. Diverse groups of cancer survivors were examined in seven exercise interventions; breast cancer survivors were examined in 26; prostate cancer, leukemia, and lymphoma were examined in two; and colorectal cancer in one. Cancer survivors who completed an exercise intervention reduced depression more than controls, d(+) = -0.13 (95% CI: -0.26, -0.01). Increases in weekly volume of aerobic exercise reduced depressive symptoms in dose-response fashion (β = -0.24, p = 0.03), a pattern evident only in higher quality trials. Exercise reduced depressive symptoms most when exercise sessions were supervised (β = -0.26, p = 0.01) and when cancer survivors were between 47-62 yr (β = 0.27, p = 0.01). CONCLUSION: Exercise training provides a small overall reduction in depressive symptoms among cancer survivors but one that increased in dose-response fashion with weekly volume of aerobic exercise in high quality trials. Depressive symptoms were reduced to the greatest degree among breast cancer survivors, among cancer survivors aged between 47-62 yr, or when exercise sessions were supervised.
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Moderate intensity aerobic training three times per week for 12 weeks or twice weekly combined aerobic plus resistance training for 6-12 weeks significantly reduces anxiety in cancer survivors during and after treatment.
“A dose of moderate intensity aerobic training three times per week for 12 weeks or twice weekly combined aerobic plus resistance training for 6–12 weeks can significantly reduce anxiety in cancer survivors during and after treatment(13–17).”
From Exercise Guidelines for Cancer Survivors: Consensus Statement from International Multidisciplinary Roundtable (2019) · cites this paper as [16]
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Sorted by citations
CAMPBELL, K. L., WINTERS-STONE, K. M., WISKEMANN, J., MAY, A. M., SCHWARTZ, A. L., COURNEYA, K. S., ZUCKER, D. S., MATTHEWS, C. E., LIGIBEL, J. A., GERBER, L. H., et al. (2019) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000002116 · Cited by 2,988 · see citing works
Singh, B., Olds, T., Curtis, R., Dumuid, D., Virgara, R., Watson, A., Szeto, K., O'Connor, E., Ferguson, T., Eglitis, E., et al. (2023) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2022-106195 · Cited by 1,049 · see citing works
Andersen, B. L., DeRubeis, R. J., Berman, B. S., Gruman, J., Champion, V. L., Massie, M. J., Holland, J. C., Partridge, A. H., Bak, K., Somerfield, M. R., et al. (2014) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2013.52.4611 · Cited by 735 · see citing works
Pain, depression, and fatigue: Loneliness as a longitudinal risk factor.
Jaremka, L. M., Andridge, R. R., Fagundes, C. P., Alfano, C. M., Povoski, S. P., Lipari, A. M., Agnese, D. M., Arnold, M. W., Farrar, W. B., Yee, L. D., et al. (2014) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0034012 · Cited by 346 · see citing works
Practical clinical interventions for diet, physical activity, and weight control in cancer survivors
Demark‐Wahnefried, W., Rogers, L. Q., Alfano, C. M., Thomson, C. A., Courneya, K. S., Meyerhardt, J. A., Stout, N. L., Kvale, E., Ganzer, H., & Ligibel, J. A. (2015) · CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians · doi:10.3322/caac.21265 · Cited by 251 · see citing works
Fuller, J. T., Hartland, M. C., Maloney, L. T., & Davison, K. (2018) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2017-098285 · Cited by 199 · see citing works
Ergun, M., Eyigor, S., Karaca, B., Kisim, A., & Uslu, R. (2013) · European Journal of Cancer Care · doi:10.1111/ecc.12068 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Saxton, J. M., Scott, E. J., Daley, A. J., Woodroofe, M. N., Mutrie, N., Crank, H., Powers, H. J., & Coleman, R. E. (2014) · Breast Cancer Research · doi:10.1186/bcr3643 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Xiao, F., Song, X., Chen, Q., Dai, Y., Xu, R., Qiu, C., & Guo, Q. (2017) · Clinical Breast Cancer · doi:10.1016/j.clbc.2016.11.003 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Ferrer, R. A., Green, P. A., & Barrett, L. F. (2015) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691615576755 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Self-citationDepression in Somatic Disorders: Is There a Beneficial Effect of Exercise?
Roeh, A., Kirchner, S. K., Malchow, B., Maurus, I., Schmitt, A., Falkai, P., & Hasan, A. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00141 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Sadighparvar, S., Darband, S. G., Yousefi, B., Kaviani, M., Ghaderi‐Pakdel, F., Mihanfar, A., Babaei, G., Mobaraki, K., & Majidinia, M. (2020) · Experimental Physiology · doi:10.1113/ep088605 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Kirsch, I., Huedo-Medina, T. B., Pigott, H. E., & Johnson, B. T. (2018) · Psychology of Consciousness: Theory, Research, and Practice · doi:10.1037/cns0000164 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Self-citationBrown, J. C., Ko, E. M., & Schmitz, K. H. (2015) · PM&R · doi:10.1016/j.pmrj.2014.09.003 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Brown, J. C., Huedo-Medina, T. B., Pescatello, L. S., Ryan, S. M., Pescatello, S. M., Moker, E., LaCroix, J. M., Ferrer, R. A., & Johnson, B. T.
- Affiliations
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- University of Connecticut (US)
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (US)
- Western New England University (US)
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Corresponding author
- Brown, Justin C.
- ORCID
- Venue
- PLoS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2012-01-27
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- e30955
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3267760
- OpenAlex
- W2062270028
- Cited by
- 201
- References
- 94
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 21 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 1.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- OpenCommons at University of Connecticut (University of Connecticut) (submittedVersion)
- OpenCommons - UConn (University of Connecticut) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- University of Connecticut
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer survivorship and care
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Childhood Cancer Survivors' Quality of Life
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Keywords
- exercise intervention, depressive symptoms, cancer survivors, breast cancer survivors, supervised exercise, exercise training
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Depression, Exercise Therapy, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Neoplasms, Treatment Outcome, Survivors
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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