Exercise effects on depressive symptoms in cancer survivors: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Open accessAbstract
Background: Depression is a distressing side effect of cancer and its treatment. In the general population, exercise is an effective antidepressant. Objective: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the antidepressant effect of exercise in cancer survivors. Data Sources: In May 2011, we searched MEDLINE, PsycInfo, EMBASE, CINAHL, CDSR, CENTRAL, AMED, Biosis Previews, and Sport Discus and citations from relevant articles and reviews. Study Eligibility Criteria: We included randomized controlled trials (RCT) comparing exercise interventions with usual care in cancer survivors, using a self-report inventory or clinician rating to assess depressive symptoms, and reporting symptoms pre- and postintervention. Study Appraisal: Around 7,042 study titles were identified and screened, with 15 RCTs included. Synthesis Methods: Effect sizes (ES) were reported as mean change scores. The Q test was conducted to evaluate heterogeneity of ES. Potential moderator variables were evaluated with examination of scatter plots and Wilcoxon rank-sum or Kruskal–Wallis tests. Results: The overall ES, under a random-effects model, was −0.22 (confidence interval, −0.43 to −0.09; P = 0.04). Significant moderating variables (ps < 0.05) were exercise location, exercise supervision, and exercise duration. Limitations: Only one study identified depression as the primary endpoint. Conclusions: Exercise has modest positive effects on depressive symptoms with larger effects for programs that were supervised or partially supervised, not conducted at home, and at least 30 minutes in duration. Impact: Our results complement other studies showing that exercise is associated with reduced pain and fatigue and with improvements in quality of life among cancer survivors. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 21(1); 3–19. ©2011 AACR.
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Moderate intensity aerobic training three times per week for 12 weeks or twice weekly combined aerobic plus resistance training for 6-12 weeks significantly reduces anxiety in cancer survivors during and after treatment.
“A dose of moderate intensity aerobic training three times per week for 12 weeks or twice weekly combined aerobic plus resistance training for 6–12 weeks can significantly reduce anxiety in cancer survivors during and after treatment(13–17).”
From Exercise Guidelines for Cancer Survivors: Consensus Statement from International Multidisciplinary Roundtable (2019) · cites this paper as [17]
Combined moderate intensity aerobic and resistance exercise 2-3 times per week for at least 12 weeks improves HRQoL in cancer survivors during and after treatment.
“Combined moderate intensity aerobic and resistance exercise performed 2–3 times per week for at least 12 weeks results in improvements in HRQoL both during and after treatment(17, 31, 32).”
From Exercise Guidelines for Cancer Survivors: Consensus Statement from International Multidisciplinary Roundtable (2019) · cites this paper as [17]
Aerobic exercise seems safe with no significant increase in lymphedema-related adverse events in studies investigating aerobic exercise.
“In general, aerobic exercise seems to be safe, with no significant increase in number of lymphedema-related adverse events reported in studies investigating aerobic exercise(17).”
From Exercise Guidelines for Cancer Survivors: Consensus Statement from International Multidisciplinary Roundtable (2019) · cites this paper as [17]
The majority of available evidence on safety and efficacy of exercise during and following cancer treatment is from RCTs of supervised and/or home-based prescribed exercise, and trials in breast cancer survivors.
“the majority of available evidence on the safety and efficacy of exercise during and following cancer treatment is derived from RCTs of supervised and/or home-based prescribed exercise, and trials in breast cancer survivors(17, 31, 32).”
From Exercise Guidelines for Cancer Survivors: Consensus Statement from International Multidisciplinary Roundtable (2019) · cites this paper as [17]
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- Authors
- Craft, L. L., VanIterson, E. H., Helenowski, I. B., Rademaker, A. W., & Courneya, K. S.
- Affiliations
- Northwestern University (US)
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois; and 2Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Corresponding author
- Craft, Lynette L.
- Venue
- Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention
- Published
- 2012-01-01
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 3-19
- ISSN
- 1055-9965 (ISSN-L)
- 1538-7755
- PMC
- PMC3253916
- OpenAlex
- W2001933461
- Cited by
- 277
- References
- 70
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 32 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 25 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 27 · 2012: 16
- FWCI
- 2.60
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Cancer Institute (K07CA134936)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer survivorship and care
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Childhood Cancer Survivors' Quality of Life
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Keywords
- physical activity, depressive symptoms, cancer survivors, depression, antidepressant effects, supervised exercise, exercise duration, exercise intervention
- MeSH terms
- Depression, Humans, Neoplasms, Physical Fitness, Quality of Life, Exercise, Survivors
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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