Comparative Effectiveness of Cognitive Therapies Delivered Face-to-Face or over the Telephone: An Observational Study Using Propensity Methods
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVES: To compare the clinical and cost-effectiveness of face-to-face (FTF) with over-the-telephone (OTT) delivery of low intensity cognitive behavioural therapy. DESIGN: Observational study following SROBE guidelines. Selection effects were controlled using propensity scores. Non-inferiority comparisons assessed effectiveness. SETTING: IAPT (improving access to psychological therapies) services in the East of England. PARTICIPANTS: 39,227 adults referred to IAPT services. Propensity score strata included 4,106 individuals; 147 pairs participated in 1:1 matching. INTERVENTION: Two or more sessions of computerised cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Patient-reported outcomes: Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) for depression; Generalised Anxiety Disorder questionnaire (GAD-7); Work and Social Adjustment Scale (WSAS). Differences between groups were summarised as standardised effect sizes (ES), adjusted mean differences and minimally important difference for PHQ-9. Cost per session for OTT was compared with FTF. RESULTS: Analysis of covariance controlling for number of assessments, provider site, and baseline PHQ-9, GAD-7 and WSAS indicated statistically significantly greater reductions in scores for OTT treatment with moderate (PHQ-9: ES: 0.14; GAD-7: ES: 0.10) or small (WSAS: ES: 0.03) effect sizes. Non-inferiority in favour of OTT treatment for symptom severity persisted as small to moderate effects for all but individuals with the highest symptom severity. In the most stringent comparison, the one-to-one propensity matching, adjusted mean differences in treatment outcomes indicated non-inferiority between OTT versus FTF treatments for PHQ-9 and GAD-7, whereas the evidence was moderate for WSAS. The per-session cost for OTT was 36.2% lower than FTF. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical effectiveness of low intensity CBT-based interventions delivered OTT was not inferior to those delivered FTF except for people with more severe illness where FTF was superior. This provides evidence for better targeting of therapy, efficiencies for patients, cost savings for services and greater access to psychological therapies for people with common mental disorders.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Large scale IAPT data sets show comparable outcomes between completed face-to-face and telephone treatments.
“Low intensity (step 2) interventions (i.e. guided self-help) are delivered through a variety of modalities (face-to-face, telephone, groups, online), and large scale IAPT data sets show comparable outcomes between completed face-to-face and telephone treatments [20].”
From 'I didn't know what to expect': Exploring patient perspectives to identify targets for change to improve telephone-delivered psychological interventions (2020) · cites this paper as [20]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
A Brief Measure for Assessing Generalized Anxiety Disorder: The GAD-7
Spitzer, R. L., Kroenke, K., Williams, J. B. W., & Löwe, B. (2006) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.166.10.1092 · Cited by 31,765 · see citing works
von Elm, E., Altman, D. G., Egger, M., Pocock, S. J., Gøtzsche, P. C., Vandenbroucke, J. P., & Initiative, F. T. S. (2007) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0040296 · Cited by 23,020 · see citing works
von Elm, E., Altman, D. G., Egger, M., Pocock, S. J., Gøtzsche, P. C., Vandenbroucke, J. P., & Initiative, F. T. S. (2007) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-147-8-200710160-00010 · Cited by 17,796 · see citing works
Methods for the Economic Evaluation of Health Care Programmes
Drummond, M. E., Sculpher, M. J., Torrance, G. W., O’Brien, B. J., & Stoddart, G. L. (2005) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198529446.001.0001 · Cited by 13,648 · see citing works
Elm, E. V., Altman, D. G., Egger, M., Pocock, S. J., Gøtzsche, P. C., & Vandenbroucke, J. P. (2007) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.39335.541782.ad · Cited by 10,766 · see citing works
The Work and Social Adjustment Scale: a simple measure of impairment in functioning
Mundt, J. C., Marks, I. M., Shear, M. K., & Greist, J. M. (2002) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.180.5.461 · Cited by 2,515 · see citing works
Löwe, B., Kroenke, K., Herzog, W., & Gräfe, K. (2004) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/s0165-0327(03)00198-8 · Cited by 1,558 · cited 1× · see citing works
“A score of 10 has been suggested as a cut point for a clinical diagnosis of depression [14]; severity bands for symptoms levels in terms of PHQ-9 scores are shown later in Results, Table 1.”
Methods for the economic evaluation of health care programmes, 3rd ed
Adamiak, G. T. (2006) · PubMed Central · Cited by 953 · see citing works
Robinson, L. A., Berman, J., & Neimeyer, R. (1990) · Psychological bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.108.1.30 · Cited by 691 · see citing works
The Depression Report: A New Deal for Depression and Anxiety DisordersPreprint
Layard, R. (2006) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · Cited by 308 · see citing works
Stiles, W. B., Barkham, M., Mellor-Clark, J., & Connell, J. (2008) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291707001511 · Cited by 290 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Brief, CBT-based interventions led to significant reductions in symptoms of a magnitude similar to that reported in specialist out-patient psychotherapy services [4,5].”
The case for psychological treatment centres
Layard, R. (2006) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.332.7548.1030 · Cited by 287 · see citing works
Barriers to psychotherapy among depressed and nondepressed primary care patients
Mohr, D. C., Hart, S. L., Howard, I., Julian, L., Vella, L., Catledge, C., & Feldman, M. D. (2006) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1207/s15324796abm3203_12 · Cited by 276 · see citing works
Defining successful treatment outcome in depression using the PHQ-9: A comparison of methods
McMillan, D., Gilbody, S., & Richards, D. (2010) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2010.04.030 · Cited by 247 · see citing works
Cost-benefit analysis of psychological therapy
Layard, R., Clark, D. M., Knapp, M. R. J., & Mayraz, G. (2007) · National Institute Economic Review · doi:10.1177/0027950107086171 · Cited by 234 · see citing works
Mohr, D. C., Vella, L., Hart, S., Heckman, T., & Simon, G. (2008) · Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2850.2008.00134.x · Cited by 227 · see citing works
Psychotherapy mediated by remote communication technologies: a meta-analytic review
Bee, P. E., Bower, P., Lovell, K., Gilbody, S., Richards, D., Gask, L., & Roach, P. (2008) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1471-244x-8-60 · Cited by 189 · cited 1× · see citing works
“A recent meta-analysis [20] demonstrated benefits for the use of technology-mediated interventions in the treatment of depression and anxiety, but only two studies compared telephone with face-to-face delivery.”
Improving access to psychological therapies
Wild, S. (2007) · Independent Nurse · doi:10.12968/indn.2007.1.5.74836 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Stiles, W. B., Barkham, M., Twigg, E., Mellor‐Clark, J., & Cooper, M. (2006) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291706007136 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
Lovell, K., Cox, D., Haddock, G., Jones, C., Raines, D., Garvey, R., Roberts, C., & Hadley, S. (2006) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.38940.355602.80 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Improving access to psychological therapies: Phase IV prospective cohort study
Richards, D. A., & Suckling, R. (2009) · British Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1348/014466509x405178 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Efficacy of self-administered treatment programs: Meta-analytic review.
Scogin, F. R., Bynum, J., Stephens, G., & Calhoon, S. K. (1990) · Professional Psychology Research and Practice · doi:10.1037/0735-7028.21.1.42 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Comparative Effectiveness Research
Fontanarosa, P. B. (2012) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2012.490 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
2 of the 25 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- [19]Nolan G (2009) Developing a Local Tariff for IAPT Services in NHS East of England. Cambridge: NHS East of England.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Toussaint, A., Hüsing, P., Gumz, A., Wingenfeld, K., Härter, M., Schramm, E., & Löwe, B. (2020) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2020.01.032 · Cited by 641 · see citing works
Beard, C., & Björgvinsson, T. (2014) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2014.06.002 · Cited by 360 · see citing works
Wakefield, S., Kellett, S., Simmonds‐Buckley, M., Stockton, D., Bradbury, A., & Delgadillo, J. (2021) · British Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjc.12259 · Cited by 222 · see citing works
Zhong, W., Luo, J., & Zhang, H. (2024) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2024.04.057 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
Irvine, A., Drew, P., Bower, P., Brooks, H., Gellatly, J., Armitage, C. J., Barkham, M., McMillan, D., & Bee, P. (2020) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2020.01.057 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
Teo, A. R., Choi, H., Andrea, S. B., Valenstein, M. M., Newsom, J. T., Dobscha, S. K., & Zivin, K. (2015) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/jgs.13667 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Stepped psychological care after stroke
Kneebone, I. (2015) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.3109/09638288.2015.1107764 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Littleton, H., Grills, A. E., Kline, K. D., Schoemann, A. M., & Dodd, J. C. (2016) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.07.010 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Radhakrishnan, M., Hammond, G., Jones, P. B., Watson, A., McMillan-Shields, F., & Lafortune, L. (2013) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2012.10.001 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Self-citationDevelopment and Evaluation of Cognitive Analytic Guided Self-Help (CAT-SH) for Use in IAPT Services
Meadows, J., & Kellett, S. (2017) · Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1017/s1352465816000485 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Doyle, C., Bhar, S. S., Fearn, M., Ames, D. J., Osborne, D., You, E. C., Gorelik, A., & Dunt, D. R. (2017) · British Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjhp.12245 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Wang, S., Zhang, Y., Guan, Y., Ding, W., Meng, Y., Hu, H., Liu, Z., Zeng, X., & Wang, M. (2021) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-021-02046-4 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Lovell, K., Bower, P., Gellatly, J. L., Byford, S., Bee, P., McMillan, D., Arundel, C., Gilbody, S. M., Gega, L., Hardy, G. E., et al. (2017) · Health Technology Assessment · doi:10.3310/hta21370 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Soper, B., Yaqub, O., Hinrichs, S., Marjanovic, S., Drabble, S., Hanney, S. R., & Nolte, E. (2013) · Journal of Health Services Research & Policy · doi:10.1177/1355819613499903 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Griffiths, C. A., & Griffiths, L. J. (2015) · Mental Health Review Journal · doi:10.1108/mhrj-06-2014-0022 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Bee, P., Lovell, K., Airnes, Z., & Pruszynska, A. (2016) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-016-0761-5 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Turner, J., Brown, J. C., & Carpenter, D. T. (2018) · Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.1111/jpm.12440 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Improving access to psychological therapies and older people: Findings from the Eastern Region
Matthew Prina, A., Marioni, R. E., Hammond, G. C., Jones, P. B., Brayne, C., & Dening, T. (2014) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2014.03.008 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Self-citationRushton, K., Ardern, K., Hopkin, E., Welsh, C., Gellatly, J., Faija, C., Armitage, C. J., Lidbetter, N., Lovell, K., Bower, P., et al. (2020) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-020-02564-6 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Kamen, C. S., Garland, S. N., Heckler, C. E., Peoples, A. R., Kleckner, I. R., Cole, C. L., Perlis, M. L., Morrow, G. R., Mustian, K. M., & Roscoe, J. A. (2017) · Behavioral Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1080/15402002.2016.1276019 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Amati, F., Banks, C., Greenfield, G., & Green, J. (2017) · Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1093/pubmed/fdx168 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Garland, S. N., Roscoe, J. A., Heckler, C. E., Barilla, H., Gehrman, P., Findley, J., Peoples, A. R., Morrow, G. R., Kamen, C. S., & Perlis, M. L. (2015) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2015.12.010 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Ristkari, T., Kurki, M., Suominen, A., Gilbert, S., Sinokki, A., Kinnunen, M., Huttunen, J., McGrath, P. J., & Sourander, A. (2018) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/11446 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Pfammatter, A. F., Nahum-Shani, I. B., Dezelar, M., Scanlan, L., McFadden, H. G., Siddique, J., Hedeker, D., & Spring, B. J. (2019) · Contemporary Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/j.cct.2019.05.007 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Faija, C., Connell, J., Welsh, C., Ardern, K., Hopkin, E., Gellatly, J. L., Rushton, K., Fraser, C., Irvine, A. L., Armitage, C. J., et al. (2020) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-020-02761-3 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Optimising the use of electronic medical records for large scale research in psychiatry
Newby, D., Taylor, N., Joyce, D. W., & Winchester, L. M. (2024) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-024-02911-1 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Wu, S., Ell, K., Jin, H., Vidyanti, I., Chou, C., Lee, P.-J., Gross-Schulman, S. G., Sklaroff, L. M., Belson, D., Nezu, A. M., et al. (2018) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.7692 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Soper, B., Hinrichs, S., Drabble, S., Yaqub, O., Marjanovic, S., Hanney, S. R., & Nolte, E. (2015) · Health Services and Delivery Research · doi:10.3310/hsdr03250 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Sadeghi, S., Pouretemad, H., & Shalani, B. (2021) · International Journal of Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1080/20473869.2021.1895699 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Telephone-administered versus live group cognitive behavioral stress management for adults with CFS
Hall, D. L., Lattie, E. G., Milrad, S. F., Czaja, S. J., FLETCHER, M. A., Klimas, N. G., Perdomo, D. M., & Antoni, M. H. (2016) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2016.12.004 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
La Sala, L., Pirkis, J., Cooper, C., Hill, N. T. M., Lamblin, M., Rajaram, G., Rice, S., Teh, Z., Thorn, P., Zahan, R., et al. (2023) · JMIR Human Factors · doi:10.2196/44535 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Jones, S., Ownsworth, T., & Shum, D. (2015) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2015.00071 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Delgadillo, J., & Groom, M. (2017) · Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1017/s1352465816000643 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
How to investigate: Chronic pain
Hague, M., & Shenker, N. (2014) · Best Practice & Research Clinical Rheumatology · doi:10.1016/j.berh.2015.04.005 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Chao, L. L., Kanady, J. C., Crocker, N., Straus, L. D., Hlavin, J., Metzler, T. J., Maguen, S., & Neylan, T. C. (2021) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119147 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Tie, H., Krebs, G., Lang, K., Shearer, J., Turner, C., Mataix-Cols, D., Lovell, K., Heyman, I., & Byford, S. (2019) · BJPsych Open · doi:10.1192/bjo.2018.73 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Is duration of psychological treatment for depression related to return into treatment?
Boerema, A. M., Cuijpers, P. J., Beekman, A. T. F., Hellenthal, A., VOORRIPS, L. E., & van Straten, A. (2016) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-016-1267-7 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Rushton, K., Fraser, C., Gellatly, J. L., Brooks, H. L., Bower, P., Armitage, C. J., Faija, C., Welsh, C., & Bee, P. (2019) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/s12913-019-4824-4 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Jones, E. A., Bale, H. L., & Morera, T. (2013) · The Cognitive Behaviour Therapist · doi:10.1017/s1754470x13000226 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Rawlings, G. H., Wright, K. P., Rolling, K., & Beail, N. (2021) · Advances in Mental Health and Intellectual Disabilities · doi:10.1108/amhid-12-2020-0035 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Berube, M., Gélinas, C., Martorella, G., Feeley, N., Côté, J., Laflamme, G. Y., Rouleau, D. M., & Choinière, M. (2018) · Pain Management Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.pmn.2018.04.010 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Bérubé, M., Gélinas, C., Martorella, G., Côté, J., Feeley, N., Laflamme, G.-Y., Rouleau, D., & Choinière, M. (2017) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/resprot.7949 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Harland, N. J., & Blacklidge, B. (2016) · Physiotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.physio.2016.09.002 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Griffiths, C., da Silva, K. M., Jiang, H., Smart, D., & Zafar, A. (2024) · Open Journal of Depression · doi:10.4236/ojd.2024.132003 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Steen, S. (2018) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/1359105318803751 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Costa-Dookhan, K. A., Leung, S., Cassin, S. E., & Sockalingam, S. (2019) · Canadian Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.1016/j.jcjd.2019.06.008 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Fearn, M., Bhar, S. S., Dunt, D. R., Ames, D. J., You, E. C., & Doyle, C. (2017) · Clinical Gerontologist · doi:10.1080/07317115.2017.1292417 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Young, D. K. W., Carlbring, P., Petrus, Y. N. N. G., & Chen, Q.-R. J. (2022) · Research on Social Work Practice · doi:10.1177/10497315221079236 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Dowling, D., Martland, N., King, S., Nguyen, J., Neely, E., Ball, J., Grant, N., Dom, G., & McNulty, N. (2022) · The Cognitive Behaviour Therapist · doi:10.1017/s1754470x22000125 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
You, E. C., Doyle, C., Dunt, D. R., Ames, D. J., Fearn, M., & Bhar, S. S. (2016) · International Journal of COPD · doi:10.2147/copd.s100859 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Telephonic support to facilitate return to work: what works, how, and when?
McCluskey, S. (2014) · University of Huddersfield Repository (University of Huddersfield) · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Sourander, S., Sourander, A., Hinkka‐Yli‐Salomäki, S., Ristkari, T., & Kurki, M. (2022) · JMIR Pediatrics and Parenting · doi:10.2196/40614 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Sebastianski, M., Gates, M., Gates, A., Nuspl, M., Bialy, L. M., Featherstone, R. M., Breault, L. J., Mason-Lai, P., & Hartling, L. (2019) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2018-026847 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
‘Show me the money’: improving the economic evaluation of mental health services
Twomey, C. D., Byrne, M., & McHugh, P. (2013) · Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/ipm.2013.41 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Delivering Online Clinical Interviews With NGO Workers in Humanitarian and Cross-Cultural Contexts
Karray, A., Coq, J.-M., & Bouteyre, É. (2017) · International Perspectives in Psychology · doi:10.1037/ipp0000069 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Distance Delivery of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy
Thompson, N. J., McGee, R. E., & Walker, E. R. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-29866-5_2 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
An exploration of carbon emissions linked to research study delivery (MARIE project)
Delanerolle, G., Sivakumar, A., Toh, T., Madan-Aggarwal, I., Pathiraja, V., Eleje, G. U., Benetti‐Pinto, C. L., Mitra, P. K., Tweneboah-Koduah, F., Mintah-Afful, N., et al. (2026) · Discover Sustainability · doi:10.1007/s43621-026-02710-2 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Griffiths, C., da Silva, K. M., Mobee-Dumi, A., Gill, A. K., & Ibrahim, D. (2025) · Open Journal of Depression · doi:10.4236/ojd.2025.142003 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Finazzi, E., MacLeod, E., & MacBeth, A. M. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0279263 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
The epidemiological burden of major psychiatric disorders
Dykxhoorn, J. L., & Kirkbride, J. B. (2018) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/med/9780198792994.003.0009 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Montague, H., & Fairholm, I. (2019) · International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction · doi:10.1007/s11469-019-00168-0 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
The Effect of Borderline Personality Pathology on Outcome of Cognitive Behavior Therapy
LIS, E., & Myhr, G. (2016) · Journal of Psychiatric Practice · doi:10.1097/pra.0000000000000167 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Sergeeva, V., Viczko, J., Owen, A. M., & Fogel, S. M. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-0716-0653-7_8 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Should social care staff be Facebook friends with the people they support?
Bates, P., Smith, S., & Nisbet, R. A. (2015) · The Journal of Adult Protection · doi:10.1108/jap-06-2014-0018 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
The Silver Line: Tackling Loneliness in Older People Evaluation Research Report
Moore, S. C., Preston, C., Markkanen, S., & Parker, M. W. (2015) · Anglia Ruskin Research Online (Anglia Ruskin University) · Cited by 1 · see citing works
NURSES' ACCEPTANCE OF AN INTERNET-BASED SUPPORT SYSTEM IN THE CARE OF ADOLESCENTS WITH DEPRESSION
Kurki, M. (2014) · UTUPub (University of Turku) · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Pouretemad, H., Sadeghi, S., & Shalani, B. (2020) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/qhvjb · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Webb, C. (2014) · UEA Digital Repository (University of East Anglia) · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Terapia cognitiva conductual aplicada a un caso de depresión no especificada y un problema conyugal.
Silva, G., & Priscila, M. (2013) · USFQ Digital Repository (Universidad San Francisco de Quito)
Steen, S., Hemmings, A., Foster, J., Bedford, J., & Gorbing, S. (2019) · Counselling and Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1002/capr.12242
Neuroprotective Effects of Cannabidiol Following Concussion: A Case Study
Singh, J. (2019) · oURspace (University of Regina) · doi:10.82465/6521
Griffiths, C., Abdalla, S., Mcconnochie, M., & Jiang, H. (2024) · Open Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.4236/ojpsych.2024.146032
Griffiths, C., McIlhiney, W., Evans, A. L., O’Neill-Kerr, A., da Silva, K. M., & Jiang, H. (2024) · Open Journal of Depression · doi:10.4236/ojd.2024.134006
Vicente-Escudero, J. L. (2025) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-025-08096-0
Faija, C., Connell, J., Welsh, C., Ardern, K., Hopkin, E., Gellatly, J. L., Rushton, K., Fraser, C., Irvine, A., Armitage, C. J., et al. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.12667565
Faija, C., Gellatly, J. L., Rushton, K., Bee, P., & Brooks, H. L. (2026) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/s12913-026-14330-7
Sunzeri, E., & Sunzeri, F. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-14465-2_17
- Authors
- Hammond, G. C., Croudace, T. J., Radhakrishnan, M., Lafortune, L., Watson, A., McMillan-Shields, F., & Jones, P. B.
- Affiliations
- National Health Service (GB)
- University of York (GB)
- University of Cambridge (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Jones, Peter B.
- Venue
- PLoS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2012-09-28
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- e42916
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3460939
- OpenAlex
- W2100929770
- Cited by
- 79
- References
- 25
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 9.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Discovery Research Portal (University of Dundee) (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Apollo (University of Cambridge) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Apollo (cc-by)
- Funders
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (RP-PG-0606-1335, NF-SI-0509-10215)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Telemedicine and Telehealth Implementation
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- face-to-face therapy, depression, generalized anxiety disorder, work and social functioning, Improving Access to Psychological Therapies, common mental disorders, non-inferiority, symptom severity
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Child, Cost-Benefit Analysis, Female, Humans, Interviews as Topic, Male, Middle Aged, Surveys and Questionnaires, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Treatment Outcome, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, Young Adult, Propensity Score
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
