Associations between dietary intake of choline and betaine and lung cancer risk
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Evidence from human and animal research indicates that choline metabolic pathways may be activated during a variety of diseases, including cancer. We report results of a case-control study of 2821 lung cancer cases and 2923 controls that assessed associations of choline and betaine dietary intakes with lung cancer. Using multivariable logistic regression analyses, we report a significant association between higher betaine intake and lower lung cancer risk that varied by smoking status. Specifically, no significant association was observed between betaine intake and lung cancer among never-smokers. However, higher betaine intake was significantly associated with reduced lung cancer risk among smokers, and the protective effect was more evident among current than former smokers: for former and current smokers, the ORs (95% CI) of lung cancer for individuals with highest as compared to lowest quartiles of intake were 0.70(0.55-0.88) and 0.51(0.39-0.66) respectively. Significant linear trend of higher betaine intake and lower lung cancer risk was observed among both former (p(trend) = 0.002) and current (p(trend)<0.0001) smokers. A similar protective effect was also observed with choline intake both in overall analysis as well as among current smokers, with p-values for chi-square tests being 0.001 and 0.004 respectively, but the effect was less evident, as no linear trend was observed. Our results suggest that choline and betaine intake, especially higher betaine intake, may be protective against lung cancer through mitigating the adverse effect of smoking.
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A diet high in choline and betaine is associated with decreased breast and lung cancer risk.
“In contrast, a diet high in choline and betaine was associated with a decreased breast and lung cancer risk (Xu et al., 2009a; Ying et al., 2013; Zhang et al., 2013).”
From The emerging hallmarks of cancer metabolism (2016) · cites this paper as Ying et al., 2013
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- Authors
- Ying, J., Rahbar, M. H., Hallman, D. M., Hernandez, L. M., Spitz, M. R., Forman, M. R., & Gorlova, O. Y.
- Affiliations
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (US)
- The University of Texas at Austin (US)
- Baylor College of Medicine (US)
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (US)
- Venue
- PLoS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2013-02-01
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- e54561
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3562321
- OpenAlex
- W1982623543
- Cited by
- 50
- References
- 56
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 2
- FWCI
- 5.45
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Flight Attendant Medical Research Institute
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
- Georgia Clinical and Translational Science Alliance
- National Institutes of Health
- National Cancer Institute (R01CA127219, R01 CA 55769, R01CA149462, R01CA055769, CA127219)
- National Center for Research Resources (RR 024148, UL1RR024148)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rheumatology › Folate and B Vitamins Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Otorhinolaryngology › Head and Neck Cancer Studies
- Keywords
- choline, betaine, lung cancer risk, dietary intake, smoking status, choline metabolism, chemoprevention, former smokers, current smokers
- MeSH terms
- Betaine, Choline, Diet, Humans, Lung Neoplasms, Surveys and Questionnaires, Risk Factors, Smoking, Texas, Logistic Models, Odds Ratio, Case-Control Studies
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