Influence of a Polyphenol-Enriched Protein Powder on Exercise-Induced Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Athletes: A Randomized Trial Using a Metabolomics Approach
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OBJECTIVES: Polyphenol supplementation was tested as a countermeasure to inflammation and oxidative stress induced by 3-d intensified training. METHODS: Water soluble polyphenols from blueberry and green tea extracts were captured onto a polyphenol soy protein complex (PSPC). Subjects were recruited, and included 38 long-distance runners ages 19-45 years who regularly competed in road races. Runners successfully completing orientation and baseline testing (N = 35) were randomized to 40 g/d PSPC (N = 17) (2,136 mg/d gallic acid equivalents) or placebo (N = 18) for 17 d using double-blinded methods and a parallel group design, with a 3-d running period inserted at day 14 (2.5 h/d, 70% VO2max). Blood samples were collected pre- and post-14 d supplementation, and immediately and 14 h after the third day of running in subjects completing all aspects of the study (N = 16 PSPC, N = 15 placebo), and analyzed using a metabolomics platform with GC-MS and LC-MS. RESULTS: Metabolites characteristic of gut bacteria metabolism of polyphenols were increased with PSPC and 3 d running (e.g., hippurate, 4-hydroxyhippurate, 4-methylcatechol sulfate, 1.8-, 1.9-, 2.5-fold, respectively, P<0.05), an effect which persisted for 14-h post-exercise. Fatty acid oxidation and ketogenesis were induced by exercise in both groups, with more ketones at 14-h post-exercise in PSPC (3-hydroxybutyrate, 1.8-fold, P<0.05). Established biomarkers for inflammation (CRP, cytokines) and oxidative stress (protein carbonyls) did not differ between groups. CONCLUSIONS: PSPC supplementation over a 17-d period did not alter established biomarkers for inflammation and oxidative stress but was linked to an enhanced gut-derived phenolic signature and ketogenesis in runners during recovery from 3-d heavy exertion. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, U.S. National Institutes of Health, identifier: NCT01775384.
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Polyphenol supplementation with blueberry and green tea extracts increased metabolites characteristic of gut bacteria polyphenol metabolism and ketogenesis in runners during recovery from 3-d heavy exertion.
“Polyphenol supplementation with blueberry and green tea extracts increased the metabolites characteristic of gut bacteria polyphenol metabolism and ketogenesis in runners during recovery from 3-d heavy exertion [120]”
From Exercise-induced stress behavior, gut-microbiota-brain axis and diet: a systematic review for athletes (2016) · cites this paper as [151]
Polyphenol supplementation with blueberry and green tea extracts did not alter established inflammation and oxidative stress in runners during recovery from 3-d heavy exertion.
“Polyphenol supplementation with blueberry and green tea extracts (as an ibuprofen substitute) did not alter the established inflammation and oxidative stress, but increased amounts of metabolites characteristic of gut bacteria polyphenol metabolism (e.g., hippurate, 4-hydroxyhippuric, 4-methylcatechol sulfate) and ketogenesis in runners during recovery from 3-d heavy exertion [151].”
From Exercise-induced stress behavior, gut-microbiota-brain axis and diet: a systematic review for athletes (2016) · cites this paper as [151]
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- Authors
- Nieman, D. C., Gillitt, N. D., Knab, A. M., Shanely, R. A., Pappan, K. L., Jin, F., & Lila, M. A.
- Affiliations
- Appalachian State University (US)
- Metabolon (United States) (US)
- North Carolina State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Nieman, David C.
- Venue
- PLoS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2013-08-15
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- e72215
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3744465
- OpenAlex
- W2075142095
- Cited by
- 119
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 12
- FWCI
- 9.25
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Exercise and Physiological Responses
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Keywords
- exercise-induced inflammation, oxidative stress, long-distance runners, blueberry extract, green tea extract, hippurate, ketogenesis, beta-hydroxybutyrate, fatty acid oxidation, post-exercise recovery, C-reactive protein, protein carbonyls, metabolomics
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Antioxidants, Female, Humans, Inflammation, Male, Plant Extracts, Biomarkers, Exercise, Cytokines, Oxidative Stress, Inflammation Mediators, Dietary Supplements, Metabolomics, Metabolome, Athletes, Polyphenols
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