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Potential Role of the Bovine Rumen Microbiome in Modulating Milk Composition and Feed Efficiency
Open accessAbstract
Ruminants are completely dependent on their microbiota for feed digestion and consequently, their viability. It is therefore tempting to hypothesize a connection between the composition and abundance of resident rumen bacterial taxa and the physiological parameters of the host. Using a pyrosequencing approach, we characterized the rumen bacterial community composition in 15 dairy cows and their physiological parameters. We analyzed the degree of divergence between the different animals and found that some physiological parameters, such as milk yield and composition, are highly correlated with the abundance of various bacterial members of the rumen microbiome. One apparent finding was a strong correlation between the ratio of the phyla Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes and milk-fat yield. These findings paralleled human studies showing similar trends of increased adiposity with an increase in Bacteroidetes. This correlation remained evident at the genus level, where several genera showed correlations with the animals' physiological parameters. This suggests that the bacterial community has a role in shaping host physiological parameters. A deeper understanding of this process may allow us to modulate the rumen microbiome for better agricultural yield through bacterial community design.
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“Jami et al. (2014) also reported a positive correlation between RFI and the uncultured rumen bacterium RF39,”
From Addressing global ruminant agricultural challenges through understanding the rumen microbiome: past, present, and future (2018) · cites this paper as Jami et al., 2014
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“This observation is comparable to a previous finding that the abundance of Prevotella, was negatively correlated with milk-fat yield (Pearson r = –0.69) (Jami et al., 2014).”
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“likely important in the rumen and have been associated with efficiency of milk production by the cow (33, 34).”
BackgroundSex Differences in Intestinal Microbial Composition and Function of Hainan Special Wild Boar
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A collection of rumen bacteriome data from 334 mid-lactation dairy cows
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“This is supported by Jami et al. [16], who stated that bacteria from the phylum Bacteroidetes , which includes Bacteroidaceae, are key contributors to carbohydrate degradation and propionate production in the rumen.”
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“A positive relationship between the rumen microbiome and certain physiological parameters in the lactating dairy cow has been identified (9).”
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“These findings suggest that Tibetan sheep have a stable energy utilization mechanism when the pasture supply is insufficient at high altitudes, which is important for maintaining homeostasis in the rumen and adapting to harsh environments (Jami et al., 2014).”
BackgroundThe Rumen Specific Bacteriome in Dry Dairy Cows and Its Possible Relationship with Phenotypes
Chuang, S.-T., Ho, S., Tu, P.-W., Li, K., Kuo, Y., Shiu, J.-S., Wang, S., & Chen, M. (2020) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani10101791 · Cited by 19
“[13] reported that Ruminococcus was negatively correlated with milk production, whereas Streptococcus was positively correlated with starchy diets.”
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“Moreover, the Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratio is an important factor in assessing the effect of gut microbes on host energy requirements (36).”
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“It was reported that the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio is closely associated with adipogenesis metabolism and degradation of structural polysaccharides (Jami et al., 2013; Zened et al., 2013).”
BackgroundBuffalo milk and rumen fluid metabolome are significantly affected by green feed
Neglia, G., Cotticelli, A., Vassetti, A., Matera, R., Staropoli, A., Vinale, F., Salzano, A., & Campanile, G. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-25491-w · Cited by 16
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The Impact of Essential Amino Acids on the Gut Microbiota of Broiler Chickens
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“Shifts in ratios of Firmicutes and Bacteriodetes have been associated with obesity in humans [66,67] and this phenomenon was similar in the cattle rumen concerning energy harvesting and correlated increases of fat [68].”
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In vitro fermentation of key dietary compounds with rumen fluid: A genome-centric perspective
Campanaro, S., Treu, L., Cattani, M., Kougias, P., Vendramin, V., Schiavon, S., Tagliapietra, F., Giacomini, A., & Corich, V. (2017) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.01.096 · Cited by 15
Lignocelluloytic activities and composition of bacterial community in the camel rumen
Rabee, A. E., Forster, R. J., & Sabra, E. A. (2021) · AIMS Microbiology · doi:10.3934/microbiol.2021022 · Cited by 16
“Alpha diversity indices were similar to values were observed in cattle [11,35] and higher than values of Surti Buffalo [36].”
BackgroundResultBiotechnology of Rumen Microorganisms: Recent Advances
Adetunji, C. O., Olaniyan, O. T., Osemwegie, O. O., Dash, R., & Varma, A. K. (2022) · Soil biology · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-97291-2_1 · Cited by 15
Plant Extracts to Alleviating Heat Stress in Dairy Cows
Guo, Y., Li, L., Yan, S., & Shi, B. (2023) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani13182831 · Cited by 15
“An increase in the ratio of Bacteroidetes to Firmicutes is associated with a reduction in fat mobilization [34] to meet the energy needs of lactating”
Guo, J., Zhang, Z., Guan, L. L., Yoon, I., Plaizier, J. C. B., & Khafipour, E. (2024) · Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology/Journal of animal science and biotechnology · doi:10.1186/s40104-024-01056-x · Cited by 17
“Y axis represent taxa that were promoted by Control (blue lines) and SCFPa (red lines) groups during corresponding stages.”
BackgroundAndersen-Ranberg, E., Barnes, C. J., Rasmussen, L., Flores, A., Grøndahl, C., Mosbacher, J. B., Hansen, A. J., Sundset, M. A., Schmidt, N. M., & Sonne, C. (2018) · Microorganisms · doi:10.3390/microorganisms6030076 · Cited by 15
“Furthermore, the composition of the gut bacterial community, specifically a high Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio in the rumen, has been found to correlate with higher fat content in milk [45], a factor of high importance for the new-born muskoxen in the high Arctic.”
BackgroundWei, J., Wei, L., Ullah, A., Geng, M., Zhang, X., Wang, C., Khan, M. Z., Wang, C., & Zhang, Z. (2025) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani15202938 · Cited by 19
“Conversely, decreased populations of beneficial microbes, including Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus , have been linked to reduced production efficiency and compromised animal health [248,249].”
Castro-Tardón, D., Hoffmann, C., Santos, F. C. R., Decaris, N., Pinheiro, F. A., Queiroz, L. L., Hurley, D. J., & Gomes, V. (2021) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani12010003 · Cited by 14
“Another study showed an increase in the relative abundance of the genus Ruminococcus 2 in cows after calving in the ruminal microbiota [47].”
BackgroundPotential role of rumen bacteria in modulating milk production and composition of admixed dairy cows
Lilian, M. M., Bett, R. C., Charles, G., & Kibegwa, F. M. (2023) · Letters in Applied Microbiology · doi:10.1093/lambio/ovad007 · Cited by 14
Golder, H. M., Thomson, J. M., Rehberger, J. M., Smith, A. H., Block, E., & Lean, I. J. (2023) · Journal of Dairy Science · doi:10.3168/jds.2022-22573 · Cited by 15
Jia, Y., Shi, Y., & Qiao, H. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-51828-8 · Cited by 17
“When the diet of adult cows was changed to a high fibre diet, the abundance of the phylum Bacteroides increased considerably and the composition of the rumen microbiota changes 28 .”
BackgroundLee, H., Kim, M., Masaki, T., Ikuta, K., Iwamoto, E., Nishihara, K., Nonaka, I., ASHIHARA, A., Baek, Y.-C., Lee, S., et al. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-55539-y · Cited by 17
Nathani, N. M., Kothari, R. K., Patel, A. K., & Joshi, C. G. (2015) · Microbial Physiology · doi:10.1159/000437265 · Cited by 14
“Metagenomic Shotgun Sequencing The dominance of the Bacteroidetes and the Firmicutes phyla observed in the metagenomic results was in accordance with a number of earlier studies [Jami et al., 2014; Sundset et al., 2007] related to gut and rumen of cattle [Kalyuzhnaya et al.”
ResultZheng, Y., Hu, G., Wu, W., Qiu, L., Bing, X., & Chen, J. (2019) · Archives of Microbiology · doi:10.1007/s00203-019-01712-1 · Cited by 14
Honan, M. C., & Greenwood, S. L. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-59974-5 · Cited by 14
Corrêa, P. S., Jimenez, C. R., Mendes, L. W., Rymer, C., Ray, P. P., Gerdes, L., Ovani, V. S., Fernandes, E. A. D. N., Abdalla, A. L., & Louvandini, H. (2021) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2021.768480 · Cited by 14
“(2017) suggested that increased F/B can improve performance in bovines, citing previous studies that reported a correlation between F/B and phenotypic parameters of performance such as body weight gain and milk fat yield (Jami et al., 2014; Myer et al., 2015).”
BackgroundKameshwar, A. K. S., Ramos, L. P., & Qin, W. (2019) · Journal of Genomics · doi:10.7150/jgen.32164 · Cited by 13
“Rumen microbiota can be potentially used in preparation of industrially important enzyme mixtures such as cellulases, xylanases, pectinases, amylases, lipases and proteases, which are widely used in various industrial processes [80, 81].”
BackgroundMicrobial patterns in rumen are associated with gain of weight in beef cattle
de Freitas, A. S., de David, D. B., Takagaki, B. M., & Roesch, L. F. W. (2020) · Antonie van Leeuwenhoek · doi:10.1007/s10482-020-01440-3 · Cited by 14
Mir, R. A., Schaut, R. G., Looft, T. P., Allen, H. K., Sharma, V. K., & Kudva, I. T. (2020) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2020.00693 · Cited by 16
“These three bacterial phyla and certain genera comprising these phyla including, Faecalibacterium and Ruminococcus (Firmicutes), Prevotella, and Bacteroides (Bacteroidetes), and Succinovibrio (Proteobacteria) have been consistently observed in bovine feces and are suggested to be a part of the bovine resident microbio…”
BackgroundInfluentialDu, J., Gan, M., Xie, Z., Zhou, C., Jing, Y., Li, M., Liu, C., Wang, M., Dai, H., Huang, Z., et al. (2023) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2023.1209389 · Cited by 13
“The phylum Bacteroidetes has been found to exhibit higher abundance in pigs characterized by high feed efficiency or lean body composition, in contrast to pigs with lower feed efficiency or obesity (Jami et al., 2014).”
BackgroundZhang, H., Wang, Y., Hu, L., Cong, J., Xu, Z., Chen, X., Rao, S., Li, M., Shen, Z., Mauck, J., et al. (2024) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani14101493 · Cited by 13
“Further, Jami et al. reported that the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes was strongly correlated with milk fat content [25].”
BackgroundWang, H., Zhan, J., Jia, H., Jiang, H., Yue, P., Zhong, X., Zhao, S., & Huo, J. (2024) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani14101509 · Cited by 13
Brulin, L., Ducrocq, S., Even, G., Sanchez, M.-P., Martel, S., Merlin, S., Audebert, C., Croiseau, P., & Estellé, J. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-69715-7 · Cited by 20
Rumen Bacterial Community Responses to Three DHA Supplements: A Comparative In Vitro Study
Zou, J., Ba, G., Wang, D., Li, M., Shao-hong, J., Chen, C., Tan, W. L., He, J., Du, H., Wang, P., et al. (2025) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani15020196 · Cited by 13
Thi, H. H. P., Thi, T. V. P., Huynh, N. P., Doan, V., Onoda, S., & Nguyen, T. L. (2022) · Acta Tropica · doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106537 · Cited by 14
Li, M., Zhong, H., Li, M., Zheng, N., Wang, J., & Zhao, S. (2022) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2022.815225 · Cited by 16
Dixit, S., Kumar, S., Sharma, R., Banakar, P. S., Deb, R., & Tyagi, A. K. (2022) · Animal Biotechnology · doi:10.1080/10495398.2022.2053696 · Cited by 13
“The gut Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio has been recommended as a measure of animal’s energy harvesting efficiency.(8) The ratio strongly depends over the diet, and decreases from younger ages to later stages of life, when diet mostly consists of forages;(62) however a narrow shift in composition of feed from roughage…”
BackgroundMethodLiu, X., Fan, Y., Tao, M., Chen, Q., & Chen, W. (2022) · Metabolites · doi:10.3390/metabo12121193 · Cited by 12
“In addition, the increased presence of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria in the cultivated and wild groups indicates that the gut microbiota of this species are more efficient at digesting food to help hosts obtain energy, which is a favorable adaptive strategy for living in complex habitats [63,70].”
BackgroundGuo, T., Wang, X., Zhang, Q., Jia, Y., Wang, Y., Wei, L. S., Li, N., Xu, X., Liu, H., Hu, L., et al. (2024) · BMC Microbiology · doi:10.1186/s12866-024-03182-y · Cited by 12
Taiwo, G. A., Morenikeji, O. B., Idowu, M. D., Sidney, T. S., Ajiboye, A. O., Pech-Cervantes, A. A., PETERS, S. O., & Ogunade, I. M. (2024) · BMC Genomics · doi:10.1186/s12864-024-10150-3 · Cited by 15
“Studies have shown that the rumen microbiota have a profound impact on the health, performance, and immune system of the host [2, 3].”
BackgroundTea Polyphenols Inhibit Methanogenesis and Improve Rumen Epithelial Transport in Dairy Cows
Teng, Z., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Zhang, L., Liu, S., Fu, T., Zhang, N., & Gao, T. (2024) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani14172569 · Cited by 16
“Rumen microbes ferment the ingested feed to produce nutrients such as volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and microbial crude protein, providing the nutrients necessary for the host’s growth, reproduction, and milk production, thus supporting various physiological activities [5,6].”
BackgroundCersosimo, L. M., Sullivan, K. E., & Valdes, E. V. (2021) · Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition · doi:10.1111/jpn.13520 · Cited by 12
“Our findings of low intra- animal variation and greater inter- animal variation coincide with previous findings in other herbivores (Bian et al., 2013; Daly et al., 2012; Jami et al., 2014).”
ResultZhou, M., O’Hara, E., Tang, S., Chen, Y., Walpole, M. E., Górka, P., Penner, G. B., & Guan, L. L. (2021) · Veterinary Sciences · doi:10.3390/vetsci8070138 · Cited by 13
“The relationship between this microbiome and valuable production traits like feed efficiency [1–3] and milk quality [4] has resulted in many studies investigating rumen microbial diversity, with a view to potentially manipulating the rumen microbiome to improve host performance.”
BackgroundRumen multi-omics addressing diet–host–microbiome interplay in farm animals: a review
Dixit, S., Kumar, S., Sharma, R., Banakar, P. S., Singh, M., Keshri, A., & Tyagi, A. K. (2022) · Animal Biotechnology · doi:10.1080/10495398.2022.2078979 · Cited by 13
Zhao, H., Lv, F., Liu, G., Pang, X., Han, X., & Wang, X. (2023) · Frontiers in Veterinary Science · doi:10.3389/fvets.2023.1064774 · Cited by 12
“Recent studies have shown that rumenmicrobial community diversity has a direct impact on ruminant performance and the rumen environment (39, 40).”
BackgroundWang, D., Tang, G., Li, Y. Y., Yu, J. J., Lei, X. J., Cao, Y. C., & Yao, J. H. (2023) · Journal of Proteomics · doi:10.1016/j.jprot.2023.104982 · Cited by 11
Metadata
- Authors
- Jami, E., White, B. A., & Mizrahi, I.
- Affiliations
- Tel Aviv University (IL)
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (US)
- Agricultural Research Organization (IL)
- Corresponding author
- Mizrahi, Itzhak
- Venue
- PLoS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2014-01-22
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- e85423
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3899005
- OpenAlex
- W2042473229
- Cited by
- 588
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2026: 26 · 2025: 46 · 2024: 78 · 2023: 54 · 2022: 67 · 2021: 82 · 2020: 55 · 2019: 46 · 2018: 38 · 2017: 47 · 2016: 22 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 7
- FWCI
- 63.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Ruminant Nutrition and Digestive Physiology
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Animal Nutrition and Physiology
- Keywords
- rumen microbiome, dairy cattle, milk composition, milk yield, feed efficiency, rumen bacterial community, Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, milk fat yield, host-microbe interactions, rumen bacteria
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Animal Feed, Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Bacteria, Cattle, DNA, Bacterial, Fats, Female, Milk, Phylogeny, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S, Rumen, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Bacteroidetes, Host-Pathogen Interactions, Microbiota
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