Putative transcriptomic biomarkers in the inflammatory cytokine pathway differentiate major depressive disorder patients from control subjects and bipolar disorder patients
Open accessAbstract
Mood disorders consist of two etiologically related, but distinctly treated illnesses, major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BPD). These disorders share similarities in their clinical presentation, and thus show high rates of misdiagnosis. Recent research has revealed significant transcriptional differences within the inflammatory cytokine pathway between MDD patients and controls, and between BPD patients and controls, suggesting this pathway may possess important biomarker properties. This exploratory study attempts to identify disorder-specific transcriptional biomarkers within the inflammatory cytokine pathway, which can distinguish between control subjects, MDD patients and BPD patients. This is achieved using RNA extracted from subject blood and applying synthesized complementary DNA to quantitative PCR arrays containing primers for 87 inflammation-related genes. Initially, we use ANOVA to test for transcriptional differences in a 'discovery cohort' (total n = 90) and then we use t-tests to assess the reliability of any identified transcriptional differences in a 'validation cohort' (total n = 35). The two most robust and reliable biomarkers identified across both the discovery and validation cohort were Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 24 (CCL24) which was consistently transcribed higher amongst MDD patients relative to controls and BPD patients, and C-C chemokine receptor type 6 (CCR6) which was consistently more lowly transcribed amongst MDD patients relative to controls. Results detailed here provide preliminary evidence that transcriptional measures within inflammation-related genes might be useful in aiding clinical diagnostic decision-making processes. Future research should aim to replicate findings detailed in this exploratory study in a larger medication-free sample and examine whether identified biomarkers could be used prospectively to aid clinical diagnosis.
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Reduced levels of CCR6 expression were found in the blood of MDD patients.
“However, reduced levels of CCR6 expression were found in the blood of MDD patients, suggesting that cells expressing CCR6 might already have reached the brain or other organs (Patas et al., 2018; Powell et al., 2014).”
From Distinct characteristics of hippocampal pathogenic th17 cells in a mouse model of depression (2018) · cites this paper as Powell et al., 2014
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Blood-Based Biomarkers in Depression: Emerging Themes in Clinical Research
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Cytokine changes in different types of depression: Specific or general?
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Blood‐based dynamic genomic signature for obsessive–compulsive disorder
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Depression: An Immuno-Inflammatory Cascade
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Approaching to the Essence of Major Depressive Disorder
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- Authors
- Powell, T. R., McGuffin, P., D'Souza, U. M., Cohen-Woods, S., Hosang, G. M., Martin, C., Matthews, K., Day, R. K., Farmer, A. E., Tansey, K. E., & Schalkwyk, L. C.
- Affiliations
- King's College London (GB)
- Ninewells Hospital (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Powell, Timothy R.
- ORCID
- Venue
- PLoS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2014-03-11
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- e91076
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3949789
- OpenAlex
- W2002294713
- Cited by
- 45
- References
- 64
- Citations by year
- 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 4
- FWCI
- 2.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Discovery Research Portal (University of Dundee) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Goldsmiths (University of London) (submittedVersion)
- Open Access at Essex (University of Essex) (submittedVersion)
- Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Flinders Academic Commons (Flinders University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Queen Mary Research Online (Queen Mary University of London) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Bristol-Myers Squibb
- AstraZeneca
- GlaxoSmithKline
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust
- National Institute for Health and Care Research
- European Commission (LSHB-CT-2003–503428, 503428, LSHB-CT-2003)
- H. Lundbeck A/S
- Medical Research Council
- Menzies Centre for Australian Studies, King's College London, University of London
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Bipolar Disorder and Treatment
- Keywords
- major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, transcriptomic biomarkers, CCL24, CCR6, chemokines, mood disorders, differential gene expression, blood RNA, misdiagnosis, diagnosis
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Analysis of Variance, Bipolar Disorder, Major Depressive Disorder, Depressive Disorder, Major, Diagnosis, Differential, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, Reproducibility of Results, Signal Transduction, Biomarkers, Case-Control Studies, Cytokines, Inflammation Mediators, Gene Expression Profiling, Receptors, CCR6, Chemokine CCL24, Transcriptome
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