Testosterone induces molecular changes in dopamine signaling pathway molecules in the adolescent male rat nigrostriatal pathway
Open accessAbstract
Adolescent males have an increased risk of developing schizophrenia, implicating testosterone in the precipitation of dopamine-related psychopathology. Evidence from adult rodent brain indicates that testosterone can modulate nigrostriatal dopamine. However, studies are required to understand the role testosterone plays in maturation of dopamine pathways during adolescence and to elucidate the molecular mechanism(s) by which testosterone exerts its effects. We hypothesized that molecular indices of dopamine neurotransmission [synthesis (tyrosine hydroxylase), breakdown (catechol-O-methyl transferase; monoamine oxygenase), transport [vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT), dopamine transporter (DAT)] and receptors (DRD1-D5)] would be changed by testosterone or its metabolites, dihydrotestosterone and 17β-estradiol, in the nigrostriatal pathway of adolescent male rats. We found that testosterone and dihydrotestosterone increased DAT and VMAT mRNAs in the substantia nigra and that testosterone increased DAT protein at the region of the cell bodies, but not in target regions in the striatum. Dopamine receptor D2 mRNA was increased and D3 mRNA was decreased in substantia nigra and/or striatum by androgens. These data suggest that increased testosterone at adolescence may change dopamine responsivity of the nigrostriatal pathway by modulating, at a molecular level, the capacity of neurons to transport and respond to dopamine. Further, dopamine turnover was increased in the dorsal striatum following gonadectomy and this was prevented by testosterone replacement. Gene expression changes in the dopaminergic cell body region may serve to modulate both dendritic dopamine feedback inhibition and reuptake in the dopaminergic somatodendritic field as well as dopamine release and re-uptake dynamics at the presynaptic terminals in the striatum. These testosterone-induced changes of molecular indices of dopamine neurotransmission in males are primarily androgen receptor-driven events as estradiol had minimal effect. We conclude that nigrostriatal responsivity to dopamine may be modulated by testosterone acting via androgen receptors to alter gene expression of molecules involved in dopamine signaling during adolescence.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Castration or testosterone injections during mid to late adolescence (p45-p60) alter various markers of dopaminergic function in male rats, though gonadal hormones are not necessary for male-specific peaks in striatal dopamine receptor expression.
“For example, castration or testosterone injections during mid to late adolescence (p45-p60) alter various markers of dopaminergic function in male rats (Purves-Tyson et al., 2014), though gonadal hormones are not necessary for male-specific peaks in striatal dopamine receptor expression (Andersen et al., 2002).”
From Does puberty mark a transition in sensitive periods for plasticity in the associative neocortex? (2017) · cites this paper as Purves-Tyson et al., 2014
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
The Rat Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates
Paxinos, G., & Watson, C. (1983) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/c2009-0-63235-9 · Cited by 28,585 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Brains were removed and tissue blocks containing midbrain and striatum were dissected following a Rat Brain Atlas [38].”
Vandesompele, J., De Preter, K., Pattyn, F., Poppe, B., Van Roy, N., De Paepe, A., & Speleman, F. (2002) · Genome Biology · doi:10.1186/gb-2002-3-7-research0034 · Cited by 20,038 · cited 1× · see citing works
“The geometric means of the three housekeeping genes used for each region were calculated as described previously [41].”
MethodAChE-stained horizontal sections of the rat brain in stereotaxic coordinates
Paxinos, G., WATSON, C. R. R., & Emson, P. C. (1980) · Journal of Neuroscience Methods · doi:10.1016/0165-0270(80)90021-7 · Cited by 4,497 · see citing works
The physiology, signaling, and pharmacology of dopamine receptors
Beaulieu, J.-M., & Gainetdinov, R. R. (2011) · Pharmacological Reviews · doi:10.1124/pr.110.002642 · Cited by 2,763 · see citing works
The Dopamine Hypothesis of Schizophrenia: Version III--The Final Common Pathway
Howes, O. D., & Kapur, S. (2009) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbp006 · Cited by 2,693 · see citing works
Effect of COMT Val 108/158 Met genotype on frontal lobe function and risk for schizophrenia
Egan, M. F., Goldberg, T. E., Kolachana, B. S., Callicott, J. H., Mazzanti, C. M., Straub, R. E., Goldman, D. A., & Weinberger, D. R. (2001) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.111134598 · Cited by 2,374 · cited 6× · see citing works
“Dopamine is broken down by catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT) and monoamine oxidase (MAOA and MAOB) enzymes to the main metabolites, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA) (reviewed in [9]).”
BackgroundInfluentialSchizophrenia: A Concise Overview of Incidence, Prevalence, and Mortality
McGrath, J., Saha, S., Chant, D., & Welham, J. (2008) · Epidemiologic Reviews · doi:10.1093/epirev/mxn001 · Cited by 2,280 · see citing works
McGrath, J., Saha, S., Welham, J., El Saadi, O., MacCauley, C., & Chant, D. (2004) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/1741-7015-2-13 · Cited by 1,072 · see citing works
Increased baseline occupancy of D <sub>2</sub> receptors by dopamine in schizophrenia
Abi-Dargham, A., Rodenhiser, J., Printz, D., Zea-Ponce, Y., Gil, R., Kegeles, L. S., Weiss, R., Cooper, T. B., Mann, J. J., Van Heertum, R. L., et al. (2000) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.97.14.8104 · Cited by 1,020 · see citing works
Howes, O. D., Kambeitz, J., Kim, E., Stahl, D., Slifstein, M., Abi-Dargham, A., & Kapur, S. (2012) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2012.169 · Cited by 967 · cited 1× · see citing works
“influenced by testosterone could have relevance for schizophrenia as a recent meta-analysis of imaging studies concluded that the largest dopaminergic abnormality in schizophrenia is presynaptic [4], which implicates an intrinsic dysfunction in dopamine neurons themselves.”
ResultSex Differences in the Risk of Schizophrenia: Evidence From Meta-analysis
Aleman, A., Kahn, R. S., & Selten, J.-P. (2003) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.60.6.565 · Cited by 818 · see citing works
Sex differences in schizophrenia, a review of the literature
Dr. Alice Leung, M. D., & Psych., P. C. M. R. C. (2000) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.0065-1591.2000.0ap25.x · Cited by 748 · see citing works
Increased dopamine transmission in schizophrenia: relationship to illness phases.
Laruelle, M., Abi-Dargham, A., Gil, R. B., Kegeles, L., & Innis, R. (1999) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(99)00067-0 · Cited by 744 · see citing works
Lacey, M. G., Mercuri, N. B., & North, R. A. (1987) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1987.sp016787 · Cited by 614 · cited 1× · see citing works
“and indirectly modifying dopamine release at axon terminals [45,46].”
BackgroundIncreased Synaptic Dopamine Function in Associative Regions of the Striatum in Schizophrenia
Kegeles, L. S., Abi-Dargham, A., Frankle, W. G., Gil, R., Cooper, T. B., Slifstein, M., Hwang, D.-R., Huang, Y., Haber, S. N., & Laruelle, M. (2010) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.10 · Cited by 565 · cited 2× · see citing works
“development of psychosis [7,8] but the underlying molecular cause(s) of this dopamine dysregulation are unknown.”
BackgroundPreputial Separation as an External Sign of Pubertal Development in the Male Rat1
Korenbrot, C. C., Huhtaniemi, I. T., & Weiner, R. I. (1977) · Biology of Reproduction · doi:10.1095/biolreprod17.2.298 · Cited by 487 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Although androgen-dependent physiological changes (preputial separation) at adolescence are reported in male Sprague-Dawley rats as early as day postnatal day 38 [54] they are more commonly reported between postnatal days 45 and 48 [55].”
BackgroundNirenberg, M. J., Vaughan, R., Uhl, G. R., Kuhar, M. J., & Pickel, V. (1996) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.16-02-00436.1996 · Cited by 481 · see citing works
Induction of spermatogenesis by androgens in gonadotropin-deficient (hpg) mice.
Singh, J., O’Neill, C. J., & Handelsman, D. J. (1995) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo.136.12.7588276 · Cited by 386 · cited 1× · see citing works
“The implants have been characterized in previous studies and achieve supraphysiological, steady-state serum hormone levels and androgen implants maintain seminal vesicle weights comparable to that in untreated animals [16,28,35].”
BackgroundVesicular Dopamine Release Elicits an Inhibitory Postsynaptic Current in Midbrain Dopamine Neurons
Beckstead, M. J., Grandy, D. K., Wickman, K. D., & Williams, J. T. (2004) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2004.05.019 · Cited by 368 · see citing works
Catechol- <i>O</i> -Methyltransferase Genotype and Dopamine Regulation in the Human Brain
Akil, M., Kolachana, B. S., Rothmond, D. A., Hyde, T. M., Weinberger, D. R., & Kleinman, J. E. (2003) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.23-06-02008.2003 · Cited by 325 · cited 6× · see citing works
“Dopamine is broken down by catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT) and monoamine oxidase (MAOA and MAOB) enzymes to the main metabolites, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA) (reviewed in [9]).”
BackgroundInfluentialZirkin, B. R., Santulli, R. J., Awoniyi, C. A., & EWING, L. L. (1989) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo-124-6-3043 · Cited by 309 · see citing works
Targeting the dopamine D2receptor in schizophrenia
Seeman, P. M. (2006) · Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets · doi:10.1517/14728222.10.4.515 · Cited by 304 · see citing works
Harwood, D. T., & Handelsman, D. J. (2009) · Clinica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.cca.2009.09.003 · Cited by 243 · cited 1× · see citing works
“T, DHT and E were quantified in serum using stable isotope dilution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy as described [36] and adapted for rodents [37].”
MethodNirenberg, M. J., Chan, J., Liu, Y., Edwards, R. H., & Pickel, V. M. (1996) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.16-13-04135.1996 · Cited by 240 · cited 12× · see citing works
“1A) and VMAT mRNA (F = 4.18, df = (4,65), p = 0.005) (Fig.”
BackgroundInfluentialThe 5 alpha-reductase in the brain: molecular aspects and relation to brain function.
Celotti, F., Melcangi, R. C., & Martini, L. (1992) · PubMed · Cited by 237 · see citing works
Distribution of estrogen receptor alpha and beta immunoreactive profiles in the postnatal rat brain
Pérez, S. E., Chen, E.-Y., & Mufson, E. J. (2003) · Developmental Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0165-3806(03)00223-2 · Cited by 228 · see citing works
Hermans, E. J., Bos, P. A., Ossewaarde, L., Ramsey, N. F., Fernández, G., & van Honk, J. (2010) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.04.019 · Cited by 208 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Studies in women using functional magnetic resonance imaging support the hypothesis that exogenous testosterone affects dopaminergic activity [57] and our study, albeit in males, indicates the potential molecular correlates that may underlie this.”
BackgroundHanda, R. J., Pak, T. R., Kudwa, A. E., Lund, T. D., & Hinds, L. (2008) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2007.09.012 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Kritzer, M., & Creutz, L. M. (2008) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2637-08.2008 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Variants in the estrogen receptor alpha gene and its mRNA contribute to risk for schizophrenia
Weickert, C. S., Miranda‐Angulo, A. L., Wong, J., Perlman, W. R., Ward, S. E., Vakkalanka, R., Straub, R. E., Weinberger, D. R., & Kleinman, J. E. (2008) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/ddn130 · Cited by 153 · cited 1× · see citing works
“A variant of the ESR1 gene has also been shown as a genetic risk factor for schizophrenia [63].”
BackgroundAnabolic–androgenic steroid dependence? Insights from animals and humans
Wood, R. I. (2008) · Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2007.12.002 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Sex steroids and schizophrenia
Markham, J. A. (2011) · Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders · doi:10.1007/s11154-011-9184-2 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Noriega, N. C., Howdeshell, K. L., Furr, J., Lambright, C. R., Wilson, V. S., & Gray, L. E. (2009) · Toxicological Sciences · doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfp129 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Sex Differences in Cocaine-Stimulated Motor Behavior Disparate Effects of Gonadectomy
Walker, Q. (2001) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0893-133x(00)00248-7 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
SEXUAL MATURATION DATA FOR CRL SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS: CRITERIA AND CONFOUNDING FACTORS
Lewis, E. M., Barnett, J. F., Freshwater, L., Hoberman, A. M., & Christian, M. S. (2002) · Drug and Chemical Toxicology · doi:10.1081/dct-120014794 · Cited by 128 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Although androgen-dependent physiological changes (preputial separation) at adolescence are reported in male Sprague-Dawley rats as early as day postnatal day 38 [54] they are more commonly reported between postnatal days 45 and 48 [55].”
BackgroundMeta-analysis identifies an association between the dopamine D2 receptor gene and schizophrenia
Glatt, S. J., Faraone, S. V., & Tsuang, M. T. (2003) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4001321 · Cited by 126 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Indeed, genetic variation in a number of genes involved in dopamine regulation have been linked to schizophrenia risk, including DRD2 [58,59], VMAT2 (psychotic disorder) [60] and COMT [61,62].”
BackgroundSilva, M. A. D. S., Mattern, C., Topic, B., Buddenberg, T., & Huston, J. P. (2008) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2008.08.003 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Purves-Tyson, T. D., Handelsman, D. J., Double, K. L., Owens, S. J., Bustamante, S., & Weickert, C. S. (2012) · BMC Neuroscience · doi:10.1186/1471-2202-13-95 · Cited by 111 · cited 10× · see citing works
“ment increased TH protein levels in the substantia nigra in adolescent male rats [16], however, we now show that contrary to our prediction that testosterone would increase TH in the striatum”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialThiblin, I., Finn, A., Ross, S. B., & Stenfors, C. (1999) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0702412 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Selection of Reference Gene Expression in a Schizophrenia Brain Cohort
Weickert, C. S., Sheedy, D. L., Rothmond, D. A., Dedova, I. V., Fung, S. J., Garrick, T. M., Wong, J., Harding, A. J., Sivagnanansundaram, S., Hunt, C. E., et al. (2010) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.3109/00048670903393662 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
McNamara, K. M., Harwood, D. T., Simanainen, U., Walters, K. A., Jimenez, M., & Handelsman, D. J. (2010) · The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jsbmb.2010.02.001 · Cited by 105 · cited 1× · see citing works
“T, DHT and E were quantified in serum using stable isotope dilution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy as described [36] and adapted for rodents [37].”
MethodHuck, S. W. (2008) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203889282 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Kontur, P. J., Dawson, R., & Monjan, A. A. (1984) · Journal of Neuroscience Methods · doi:10.1016/0165-0270(84)90003-7 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Molecular profiling of postnatal development of the hypothalamus in female and male rats1
Walker, D. M., Kirson, D., Perez, L. F., & Gore, A. C. (2012) · Biology of Reproduction · doi:10.1095/biolreprod.112.102798 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Aubele, T., & Kritzer, M. (2011) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhq083 · Cited by 66 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Changes reported in the adult rat prefrontal cortex indicate decreased dopamine concentrations four days post gonadectomy but dopamine was increased at 28-days post gonadectomy [56].”
BackgroundBlystone, C. R., Furr, J., Lambright, C. S., Howdeshell, K. L., Ryan, B. C., Wilson, V. S., LeBlanc, G. A., & Gray, L. E. (2007) · Toxicological Sciences · doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfm004 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Glatt, S. J., & Jönsson, E. G. (2006) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B Neuropsychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.30273 · Cited by 63 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Indeed, genetic variation in a number of genes involved in dopamine regulation have been linked to schizophrenia risk, including DRD2 [58,59], VMAT2 (psychotic disorder) [60] and COMT [61,62].”
BackgroundBai, Y., Chang, F., Zhou, R., Jin, P., Matsumoto, H., Sokabe, M., & Chen, L. (2011) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2010-1042 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Kindlundh, A. M. S., Rahman, S., Lindblom, J., & Nyberg, F. (2004) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2003.11.040 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Androgen Decreases Dopamine Neurone Survival in Rat Midbrain
Johnson, M. L., Day, A. E., Ho, C. C., Walker, Q. D., Francis, R., & Kuhn, C. M. (2010) · Journal of Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2826.2010.01965.x · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Saksena, S. K., & Lau, I. F. (1979) · Experimental Aging Research · doi:10.1080/03610737908257197 · Cited by 55 · cited 1× · see citing works
“In addition, the male brain is not testosterone naı̈ve prior to when testosterone levels start to increase [31].”
BackgroundAllan, C. M., Couse, J. F., Simanainen, U., Spaliviero, J. A., Jimenez, M., Rodriguez, K. F., Korach, K. S., & Handelsman, D. J. (2010) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2009-1477 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Rho, M.-J., Cabana, T., & Drew, T. (1997) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-9861(19971117)388:2 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Alburges, M. E., Narang, N., & Wamsley, J. K. (1993) · Biomedical Chromatography · doi:10.1002/bmc.1130070605 · Cited by 47 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Dorsal striatum samples were analysed for dopamine, DOPAC and HVA, using high pressure liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection as previously described [39,40].”
MethodPurves-Tyson, T. D., Arshi, M., Handelsman, D. J., Cheng, Y., & Keast, J. R. (2007) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2007.05.043 · Cited by 47 · cited 1× · see citing works
“The implants have been characterized in previous studies and achieve supraphysiological, steady-state serum hormone levels and androgen implants maintain seminal vesicle weights comparable to that in untreated animals [16,28,35].”
BackgroundStereotyped behavior elicited by amphetamine in the rat: influences of the testes.
Beatty, W., Dodge, A., & Traylor, K. L. (1982) · Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/0091-3057(82)90416-6 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Dluzen, D. E., & Ramirez, V. D. (1989) · Journal of Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2826.1989.tb00117.x · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Simons, C. J. P., van Winkel, R., & GROUP (2012) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbs067 · Cited by 43 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Indeed, genetic variation in a number of genes involved in dopamine regulation have been linked to schizophrenia risk, including DRD2 [58,59], VMAT2 (psychotic disorder) [60] and COMT [61,62].”
BackgroundMeyers, B. L., D’Agostino, A. E., Walker, J., & Kritzer, M. F. (2009) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.11.013 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Morris, R. W., Fung, S. J., Rothmond, D. A., Richards, B., Ward, S. E., Noble, P. L., Woodward, R. A., Weickert, C. S., & Winslow, J. (2009) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2009.12.002 · Cited by 32 · cited 1× · see citing works
“hydroxylase (TH), the rate-limiting enzyme in dopamine synthesis, in the striatum of adolescent male rhesus macaques [22].”
BackgroundReproductive hormones control striatal tyrosine hydroxylase activity in the male rat
Abreu, P. M., Hernández, G., Calzadilla, C. H., & Alonso, R. (1988) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/0304-3940(88)90659-3 · Cited by 25 · cited 1× · see citing works
“In addition, gonadectomy reduced TH activity in the striatum of adult male rats and this reduction was prevented by testosterone [23].”
BackgroundBirgner, C., Kindlundh-Högberg, A. M. S., Oreland, L., Alsiö, J., Lindblom, J., Schiöth, H. B., & Bergström, L. (2008) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2008.05.014 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Ravizza, T., Velı́šková, J., & Moshé, S. L. (2003) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/s0304-3940(02)01317-4 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Simons, C. J. P., & van Winkel, R. (2012) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/s0920-9964(12)70432-2 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Ciliax (1999) · doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-9861(19990621)409:1
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Does puberty mark a transition in sensitive periods for plasticity in the associative neocortex?
Piekarski, D. J., Johnson, C. M., Boivin, J. R., Thomas, A. W., Lin, W. C., Delevich, K., M. Galarce, E., & Wilbrecht, L. (2017) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2016.08.042 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
“markers of dopaminergic function in male rats (Purves-Tyson et al., 2014), though gonadal hormones are not necessary for male-specific peaks in striatal dopamine receptor expression (Andersen et al.”
BackgroundKolla, N. J., & Bortolato, M. (2020) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2020.101875 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
“Ample evidence has shown that, by acting on androgen receptors, this hormone increases the synthesis of both MAOA as well as tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), the rate-limiting enzyme for dopamine synthesis (Goldstein et al., 1992; Purves-Tyson et al., 2014).”
BackgroundNeuroendocrinology of reward in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa: Beyond leptin and ghrelin
Berner, L. A., Brown, T. A., Lavender, J. M., Lopez, E., Wierenga, C. E., & Kaye, W. H. (2018) · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.mce.2018.10.018 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Gluskin, B. S., & Mickey, B. J. (2016) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/tp.2016.22 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Mahfouz, A. E., Lelieveldt, B. P. F., Grefhorst, A., van Weert, L. T. C. M., Mol, I. M., Sips, H. C. M., van den Heuvel, J. K., Datson, N. A., Visser, J. A., Reinders, M. J. T., et al. (2016) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1520376113 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
“We analyzed the coexpression of the 62 coregulators with the steroid receptors in dopaminergic regions in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and substantia nigra (SN), which are known targets of steroid actions (25, 26) (Figs.”
BackgroundNeurocognitive Development of Motivated Behavior: Dynamic Changes across Childhood and Adolescence
Gee, D. G., Bath, K. G., Johnson, C. M., Meyer, H. C., Murty, V. P., van den Bos, W., & Hartley, C. A. (2018) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1674-18.2018 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
“In addition, these studies show that increases in pubertal hormones typically lead to a decrease in DA function (Stamford, 1989; Matthews et al., 2013; Purves-Tyson et al., 2014).”
BackgroundKozłowska, A., Wojtacha, P., Równiak, M., Kolenkiewicz, M., & Huang, A. C. W. (2019) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-019-5180-0 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
“There is also evidence that testosterone may increase dopamine and vesicular monoamine transporter mRNA expression in the substantia nigra and, in this way, may change the dopamine responsivity of the nigrostriatal pathway which is dysfunctional in children with ADHD (Romanos et al. 2010; Purves-Tyson et al. 2014).”
BackgroundBoscolo, C. N. P., Pereira, T. S. B., Batalhão, I. G., Dourado, P. L. R., Schlenk, D., & de Almeida, E. A. (2017) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.10.009 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Sex Differences in COMT Polymorphism Effects on Prefrontal Inhibitory Control in Adolescence
White, T. P., Loth, E., Rubia, K., A, L. K. M., Whelan, R., Banaschewski, T., Barker, G. J., Bokde, A. L. W., Büchel, C., Conrod, P., et al. (2014) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2014.107 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Testosterone boosts physical activity in male mice via dopaminergic pathways
Jardí, F., Laurent, M. R., Kim, N., Khalil, R., Bundel, D. D., Eeckhaut, A. V., Helleputte, L. V., Deboel, L., Dubois, V., Schollaert, D., et al. (2018) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-19104-0 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Exogenous testosterone increases status-seeking motivation in men with unstable low social status
Vermeer, A. B. L., Krol, I., Gausterer, C., Wagner, B., Eisenegger, C., & Lamm, C. (2019) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.104552 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Social status strategy in early adolescent girls: Testosterone and value-based decision making
Cardoos, S. L., Suleiman, A. B., Johnson, M. M., van den Bos, W., Hinshaw, S. P., & Dahl, R. E. (2017) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.03.013 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
“One hypothesis is that dopaminergic changes in the triatum and prefrontal cortex may increase reward sensitivity Purves-Tyson et al., 2014; Sinclair et al., 2014).”
BackgroundWagels, L., Votinov, M., Radke, S., Clemens, B., Montag, C., Jung, S., & Habel, U. (2017) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.23685 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
“Notably however, major substrates of MAOA are serotonin, dopamine and norepinephrine which have been shown to interact with testosterone [Lewis and Dluzen, 2008; Macoveanu et al., 2016; Morris et al., 2015; Purves-Tyson et al., 2014].”
BackgroundBowers, J. M., Perez‐Pouchoulen, M., Roby, C. R., Ryan, T. E., & McCarthy, M. M. (2014) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2014-1486 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
The therapeutic potential of exercise for neuropsychiatric diseases: A review
Swenson, S., Blum, K., McLaughlin, T., Gold, M. S., & Thanos, P. K. (2020) · Journal of the Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jns.2020.116763 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Competition, testosterone, and adult neurobehavioral plasticity
Vermeer, A. B. L., Riečanský, I., & Eisenegger, C. (2016) · Progress in brain research · doi:10.1016/bs.pbr.2016.05.004 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Testosterone, Cortisol and Financial Risk-Taking
Herbert, J. (2018) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00101 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
“There is experimental evidence that dopamine is necessary for testosterone-induced motivated behavior, and that testosterone also moderates dopamine transporters and receptors in the substantia nigra (Bell and Sisk, 2013; Purves-Tyson et al., 2014; Morris et al., 2015).”
BackgroundCoupal, K. E., Heeney, N. D., Hockin, B. C. D., Ronsley, R. J., Armstrong, K. R., Sanatani, S., & Claydon, V. E. (2019) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2019.01197 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Social dominance and the Affective Neuroscience Personality Scales
van der Westhuizen, D., & Solms, M. (2014) · Consciousness and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.concog.2014.12.005 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Neurological and Neurobehavioral Disorders Associated with Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Humans
Virus, M. A., Ehrhorn, E. G., Lui, L. M., & Davis, P. H. (2021) · Journal of Parasitology Research · doi:10.1155/2021/6634807 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
“Testosterone concentration is known to affect dopamine signaling pathways, changing the sensitivity of the nigrostriatal pathway to dopamine [124].”
BackgroundKlaus, K., Butler, K., Curtis, F., Bridle, C., & Pennington, K. (2019) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.01.021 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Risk-based decision making in rats: Modulation by sex and amphetamine
Islas-Preciado, D., Wainwright, S. R., Sniegocki, J., Lieblich, S. E., Yagi, S., Floresco, S., & Galea, L. A. M. (2020) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2020.104815 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Neurosteroids and the mesocorticolimbic system
Seib, D. R., Tobiansky, D. J., Meitzen, J., Floresco, S., & Soma, K. K. (2023) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105356 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Considering the role of adolescent sex steroids in schizophrenia
Owens, S. J., Murphy, C. E., Purves-Tyson, T. D., Weickert, T. W., & Weickert, C. S. (2017) · Journal of Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1111/jne.12538 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Sex Hormones and Brain Dopamine Functions
Sotomayor‐Zárate, R., Cruz, G., Renard, G. M., Espinosa, P., & Ramírez, V. (2015) · Central Nervous System Agents in Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.2174/1871524914666141226105137 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Batalhão, I. G., Lima, D., Russi, A. P. M., Boscolo, C. N. P., da Silva, D. G. H., Pereira, T. S. B., Bainy, A. C. D., & de Almeida, E. A. (2019) · Fish Physiology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1007/s10695-019-00645-2 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Pubertal testosterone correlates with adolescent impatience and dorsal striatal activity
Laube, C., Lorenz, R. C., & van den Bos, W. (2019) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2019.100749 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
“Second, human and animal studies have identified the dorsal striatum as a key target of pubertal hormones (Matthews, Bondi, Torres, & Moghaddam, 2013; Sinclair, Purves-Tyson, Allen, & Weickert, 2014; Laube & van den Bos, 2016).”
Backgroundde Souza, J. A., da Silva, M. C., de Matos, R. J. B., Almeida, L. C. D. A., Beltrão, L. C., de Souza, F. L., Manhães‐de‐Castro, R., & de Souza, S. L. (2017) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2017.12.004 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Testosterone and reward prediction-errors in healthy men and men with schizophrenia
Morris, R. W., Purves-Tyson, T. D., Weickert, C. S., Rothmond, D. A., Lenroot, R., & Weickert, T. W. (2015) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2015.06.030 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Finasteride inhibited brain dopaminergic system and open‐field behaviors in adolescent male rats
Li, L., Kang, Y., Ji, X., Li, Y., Li, S., Zhang, X., Cui, H., & Shi, G. (2017) · CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/cns.12781 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Testosterone influences volitional, but not reflexive orienting of attention in human males
Hansen, S., McAuliffe, J. E., Goldfarb, B., & Carré, J. M. (2017) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.03.032 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
“Testosterone (T) is linked to DA metabolism within the rat brain [13,41,42].”
Kutlikova, H. H., Zhang, L., Eisenegger, C., van Honk, J., & Lamm, C. (2023) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/s41386-023-01570-y · Cited by 25 · see citing works
“Previous research suggested that testosterone may influence behavior through dopaminergic pathway [31].”
Mohammadi, H., Joghataei, M. T., Rahimi, Z., Faghihi, F., Khazaie, H., Farhangdoost, H., & Mehrpour, M. (2017) · Brain and Language · doi:10.1016/j.bandl.2017.09.004 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
“Androgens increase the dopamine D2 receptor mRNA and decrease D3 mRNA in the substantia nigra and/or the striatum (Purves-Tyson et al., 2014).”
Steroid 5α-reductase 2 deficiency leads to reduced dominance-related and impulse-control behaviors
Mosher, L. J., Godar, S. C., Morissette, M., McFarlin, K. M., Scheggi, S., Gambarana, C., Fowler, S. C., Paolo, T. D., & Bortolato, M. (2018) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.02.007 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
“Indeed, DHT increases DA synthesis and stimulates the transcription of DA D2 receptors, as well as molecules involved in the signaling pathway in the nigrostriatal pathway, including DA and vesicular monoamine transporter (Purves-Tyson et al., 2012; Purves-Tyson et al., 2014).”
BackgroundMorozova, A. Y., Zorkina, Y., Ka, P., Pavlova, O., Storozheva, Z. I., Zubkov, E. A., Zakharova, N. V., Karpenko, O., Reznik, A. M., Chekhonin, V. P., et al. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00830 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Birdsong as a window into language origins and evolutionary neuroscience
Aamodt, C., Farias-Virgens, M., & White, S. A. (2019) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2019.0060 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Aluja, A., Balada, F., Blanco, E., Fibla, J., & Blanch, À. (2018) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2018.03.041 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Androgen and estrogen actions on male physical activity: a story beyond muscle
Jardí, F., Laurent, M. R., Dubois, V., Kim, N., Khalil, R., Decallonne, B., Vanderschueren, D., & Claessens, F. (2018) · Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/joe-18-0125 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Trofimova, I. N., & Gaykalova, A. A. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.781631 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Neurosteroids: A potential target for neuropsychiatric disorders
Wang, M., Hu, S.-W., Fu, X., Zhou, H., Yang, S., & Yang, C. (2024) · The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jsbmb.2024.106485 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Purves-Tyson, T. D., Boerrigter, D., Allen, K. M., Zavitsanou, K., Karl, T., Djunaidi, V., Double, K. L., Desai, R., Handelsman, D. J., & Weickert, C. S. (2015) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2015.02.005 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
“In addition, testosterone increased dopamine transporter mRNA andprotein (Purves-Tyson et al., 2014) and inDAT knockoutmice the absence of DAT translates into a marked increase in locomotion in a novel environment due to the lack of dopamine reuptake (Gainetdinov and Caron, 2003), and this may contribute to why rats w…”
InfluentialLow testosterone is associated with dysregulated eating symptoms in young adult men
Culbert, K. M., Shope, M. M., Sisk, C. L., & Klump, K. L. (2020) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.23320 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Sex and the dopaminergic system: Insights from addiction studies
Woodcock, E. A., Zakiniaeiz, Y., Morris, E. D., & Cosgrove, K. (2020) · Handbook of clinical neurology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-64123-6.00011-4 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Effects of Exercise on Testosterone and Implications of Drug Abuse: A Review
Perreault, B., Hammond, N., & Thanos, P. K. (2023) · Clinical Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1097/wnf.0000000000000546 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Piontek, U., Wallaschofski, H., Kastenmüller, G., Suhre, K., Völzke, H., Do, K. T., Artati, A., Nauck, M. A., Adamski, J., Friedrich, N., et al. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-02367-y · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Bispo, J. M. M., Melo, J. E. C., de Gois, A. M., Medeiros, K. A. A. L., Silva, R. S., Leal, P. C., Franco, H. S., Souza, M. F., Lins, L. C. R. F., Ribeiro, A. M., et al. (2022) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.06.018 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Santis, M. D., Lian, J., Huang, X., & Deng, C. (2016) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms17111944 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Scheggi, S., Concas, L., Corsi, S., Carta, M., Melis, M., & Frau, R. (2024) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105842 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Gill, K. E., Madison, F. N., & Akins, C. K. (2014) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2014.11.006 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“Other studies have reported increased cocaine-induced locomotor activity and striatal dopamine in CAST male rats relative to intact rats (Camp and Robinson, 1988a,b; Hernandez et al., 1994; Purvis-Tyson et al., 2014; Robinson, 1984).”
Kanwore, K., Kanwore, K., Guo, X., Xia, Y., Zhou, H., Zhang, L., Adzika, G. K., Joseph, A.-A., Ayanlaja, A. A., Mu, P., et al. (2023) · Inflammation and Regeneration · doi:10.1186/s41232-023-00300-7 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“Several studies reported that testosterone regulates dopamine levels (and vice versa) [24, 25] to ensure brain cells’ survival [26].”
BackgroundHuang, W., Li, Y.-H., Huang, S.-Q., Chen, H., Li, Z.-F., Li, X., Li, X., & Cheng, Y. (2020) · Journal of Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s12031-020-01739-w · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Tomm, R. J., Seib, D. R., Kachkovski, G. V., Schweitzer, H. R., Tobiansky, D. J., Floresco, S., & Soma, K. K. (2022) · Journal of Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1111/jne.13128 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
A study of the age-related effects of lactational atrazine exposure
Sun, Y., Li, Y., Li, B., Ma, K., & Li, B.-X. (2017) · Reproductive Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.reprotox.2017.03.011 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Dib, T., Martínez-Pinto, J., Reyes-Parada, M. I., Torres, G. E., & Sotomayor‐Zárate, R. (2017) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2017.12.001 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“A potential explanation for this result, is the dependence of striatal (dorsolateral and ventral) DAT expression by sex hormones, since the expression of DAT is not affected in OCT male rats [18] but is reduced in OVX female rats [13].”
BackgroundUmezu, T., Kita, T., & Morita, M. (2019) · Toxicology Reports · doi:10.1016/j.toxrep.2019.10.005 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“Testosterone influences the nigrostriatal DA system [31,34] and motor activity through the DA system [18].”
BackgroundKlappenbach, C. M., Wáng, Q., Jensen, A. L., Glodosky, N. C., & Delevich, K. M. (2023) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2023.105350 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Hormones and Affect in Adolescent Decision Making
Laube, C., & van den Bos, W. (2016) · Advances in motivation and achievement · doi:10.1108/s0749-742320160000019013 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Haider, A., Bengs, S., Portmann, A., Fröhlich, S., Etter, D., Marędziak, M., Warnock, G., Akhmedov, A. T., Kozerke, S., Keller, C., et al. (2025) · Biology of Sex Differences · doi:10.1186/s13293-024-00673-5 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“1) – a hypothesis supported by previous studies showing that androgens can regulate neurotransmitter transporter expression [19, 47, 48].”
Floris, G., Scheggi, S., Pes, R., & Bortolato, M. (2022) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.01.020 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Li, J., Xiao, W., Ye, F., Tang, X., Jia, Q., & Zhang, X. (2023) · World Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.5498/wjp.v13.i12.995 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Owens, S. J., Purves-Tyson, T. D., Webster, M. J., & Weickert, C. S. (2019) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2019.112503 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Umezu, T., & Shibata, Y. (2021) · NeuroToxicology · doi:10.1016/j.neuro.2020.12.013 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Diekhof, E. K., & Kraft, S. (2017) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2017.02.006 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“This is consistent with previous findings that found an increased reversal learning performance in men as opposed to women (Evans and Hampson, 2015a) and suggested a link between testosterone anddopaminergic transmission (Wood, 2004; Purves-Tyson et al., 2012, 2014).”
The longitudinal course of schizophrenia: testosterone and progression of the negative symptoms
Sisek-Šprem, M., Gradiški, I. P., Žaja, N., & Herceg, M. (2019) · Nordic Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/08039488.2019.1681509 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Hormones, Stress and Financial Decision Making
Herbert, J. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-45500-2_3 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Dinkelbach, L., Peters, T., Grasemann, C., Hebebrand, J., Hinney, A., & Hirtz, R. (2024) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-024-02421-x · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Du, X., McCarthny, C. R., Notaras, M. J., van den Buuse, M., & Hill, R. (2019) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2019.03.005 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Molodovskaya, I. N. (2020) · Сибирский научный медицинский журнал · doi:10.15372/ssmj20200604 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Ayoub, S. M., Libster, A. M., Barnes, S. A., Dulawa, S. C., & Young, J. W. (2024) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.109851 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Determinants of ram sexual behavior and its impact on sheep breeding
Ungerfeld, R., & Alexander, B. M. (2024) · Animal Reproduction Science · doi:10.1016/j.anireprosci.2024.107599 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Wenk, D., Khan, S., Ignatchenko, V., Hübner, H., Gmeiner, P., Weikert, D., Pischetsrieder, M., & Kislinger, T. (2022) · Journal of Proteome Research · doi:10.1021/acs.jproteome.2c00707 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Gender characteristics of anxiety disorders
Васенина, Е. Е. (2023) · S S Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry · doi:10.17116/jnevro202312310148 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Liu, S., Hu, Y., Liu, J., Luo, Y., Li, T., Liu, Z., Xu, Q., Sun, Q., Yan, X., Li, J., et al. (2025) · Parkinsonism & Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.parkreldis.2025.107831 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Oxandrolone treatment in juvenile rats induced anxiety-like behavior in young adult animals
Bernardina, N. R. D., de Lima, R. M. S., Ronchi, S. N., Mass, E. M. W. D., Souza, G. J., Rodrigues, L. C. M., Bissoli, N. S., & Brasil, G. A. (2021) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136104 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Amaya, J. M., Sips, H. C. M., Viho, E. M. G., Kroon, J., & Meijer, O. C. (2024) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2023.1292024 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
de Velasco, L. M. C., Flores, J. E. G., Vargas, L. X., & Arteaga, J. L. M. (2026) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.102894 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“From a neurobiological perspective, testosterone exerts its effects on mood and cognition through multifactorial mechanisms involving hormonal, neurotransmitter, and neuroinflammatory pathways [1,4,21,22].”
The role of phenylalanine and tyrosine in longevity: a cohort and Mendelian randomization study
Zhao, J. V., Sun, Y., Zhang, J., & Ye, K. (2025) · Aging · doi:10.18632/aging.206326 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“Interestingly, these neurotransmitters are regulated by sex hormones [27, 28], which provides another explanation for the sex-specific associations.”
Mohammadi, H., Solouki, L., Fayazfar, M., Mahaki, B., & Badri, H. (2025) · Journal of Fluency Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jfludis.2025.106166 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Sex Hormones: Role in Neurodegenerative Diseases and Addiction
Martínez-Pinto, J., Castillo, R. L., & Sotomayor‐Zárate, R. (2018) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.71380 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“Noteworthy, in adolescent male rats, androgens increase TH expression in SN [26], suggesting a mechanism that depends on the physiological/hormonal context.”
BackgroundGrissom, E. M., Hawley, W. R., & Dohanich, G. P. (2019) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2019.02.005 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Şenkal, E., Eryiğit, U., Bozkurt, M. F., Solmaz, V., & Erbaş, O. (2021) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-182999/v1 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“Recent studies showed that testosterone induces molecular changes in dopamine in the nigrostriatal pathway, thus increasing the effect of dopamine in the body (Purves-Tyson et al., 2014).”
BackgroundAdolescent neurocognitive development
Ravindranath, O., Parr, A. C., Perica, M. I., Elliott, S., & Luna, B. (2022) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-818872-9.00105-9 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Trofimova, I. N. (2022) · Reviews in the Neurosciences · doi:10.1515/revneuro-2022-0120 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“…(Bartz et al. 2011; Bird et al. 2019; Carrillo-Garcia et al. 2014; Crespi 2016; Declerck et al. 2010; Maattanen et al. 2013; Meyer-Lindenberg et al. 2011; Montoya et al. 2012; Op De Macks et al. 2011; Ponzi et al. 2016; Procyshyn et al. 2020; Purves-Tyson et al. 2014; Unsicker and Strelau 2000).”
BackgroundDao, M. Q., Rai, P., Asgarali, H., Lewis, J. E., Wolf, S. E., Ayadi, A. E., & Song, J. (2025) · Journal of Burn Care & Research · doi:10.1093/jbcr/iraf142 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Mun, J., Jackson, S., Prounis, G. S., Phumsatitpong, C., Motahari, N., Kriegsfeld, L. J., Landry, M. P., & Wilbrecht, L. (2025) · eNeuro · doi:10.1523/eneuro.0212-25.2025 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“Interestingly, hormone-driven changes in TH and DAT were signi fi cant in soma samples of SNpc neurons but not signi fi cant in the striatal tissue when sampling from their terminals (Purves-Tyson et al., 2014).”
InfluentialDonahue, G. J., Lundari, J. A., Kane, P. W., Matamorose-Patrick, S. M., Klotz, J. E., Carr, N. L., Kudriavetz, S. C., & Brague, J. C. (2026) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2026.1828487 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“Testosterone modulates nigrostriatal DA signaling via androgen receptor activation (36) and is also locally converted to estradiol by aromatase (27), enabling estrogenic regulation of synaptic structure and function.”
Is Sex Hormone the Driving Force of School Violence? The Neurobehavioral Evidence
Zhou, L., & Wang, F. (2020) · Science Insights Education Frontiers · doi:10.15354/sief.20.co002 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“…soared, which caused an increase in dopamine levels in the critical part of sexual arousal of the prefrontal cortex (Calabrò et al., 2019), while the substantia nigra striatum and ventral tegmental area dopamine that regulate rewards were down-regulated (Figure 2A) (Purves-Tyson et al., 2014).”
BackgroundHarun, R. (2015) · D-Scholarship@Pitt (University of Pittsburgh)
Testosterone and Striatal Dopaminergic Neurotoxicity
Dluzen, D. E. (2016) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-800212-4.00090-x
Zakari, M. O. (2018) · The Scholarship East Carolina University's Institutional Repository (East Carolina University)
Impact of TRT and HRT on Parkinson onset in men and women.Preprint
Cervoni, E. (2020) · doi:10.22541/au.159191825.54171817/v2
Tomm, R. J., Seib, D. R., Kachkovski, G. V., Schweitzer, H. R., Tobiansky, D. J., Floresco, S., & Soma, K. K. (2021) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2021.08.11.456005
Targeting Catecholamines to Develop New Drugs for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Jung, S., Cho, C.-H., Kim, H., Ko, E., Ha, M.-W., & Kwon, O.-B. (2021) · Journal of Medicine and Life Science · doi:10.22730/jmls.2021.18.3.41
Impact of TRT and HRT on Parkinson onset in men and women.Preprint
Cervoni, E. (2020) · doi:10.22541/au.159191825.54171817
Beredugo, L. I., Muojekwu, E. E., Wankasi, H. I., Ishember, T. K., & Ogon, M. A. (2023) · World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews · doi:10.30574/wjarr.2023.17.2.0089
“Before her first menstrual period, a girl will typically have: increased body hair growth, most notably in the underarm and pubic areas, increased development of high muscle behind the femur, hip widening, height gain, and/or white vaginal discharge and leg hair growth [17].”
InfluentialA severe tremor associated with Klinefelter syndrome: A case report
Daramjav, N., Takagi, J., Fujikake, A., Iwayama, H., & Otake, K. (2023) · Folia Endocrinologica Japonica · doi:10.1507/endocrine.99.s.update_61
Mun, J., Jackson, S., Prounis, G. S., Phumsatitpong, C., Motahari, N., Kriegsfeld, L. J., Landry, M. P., & Wilbrecht, L. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.05.16.654596
The identification of new directions for the research of ADHD
Burkhardt, A. (2023) · doi:10.54014/3nav-mt8w
Lin, C., Wang, S., & Lane, H. (2025) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2025.116666
Dopamine D1Aa and D2a Receptor Expression in the Auditory System of a Vocal Fish
Kobi, K., & Forlano, P. M. (2026) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.70166
“…been shown to increase DAT , vesicular monoamine transporter ( VMAT ), and D2 receptor mRNAs in the substantia nigra as well as decrease D3 mRNAs (Purves-Tyson et al. 2014 ); furthermore, non-aromatizable dihydrotestosterone mimicked the effect of testosterone, whereas estradiol did not,…”
- Authors
- Purves-Tyson, T. D., Owens, S. J., Double, K. L., Desai, R., Handelsman, D. J., & Weickert, C. S.
- Affiliations
- UNSW Sydney (AU)
- The University of Sydney (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Purves-Tyson, Tertia D.
- Owens, Samantha J.
- Double, Kay L.
- Desai, Reena
- Handelsman, David J.
- Weickert, Cynthia Shannon
- ORCID
- Venue
- PLoS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2014-03-11
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- e91151
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3949980
- OpenAlex
- W2003231418
- Cited by
- 109
- References
- 66
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 4
- FWCI
- 4.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UNSWorks (UNSW Sydney) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Neuroscience Research Australia
- University of New South Wales
- NSW Ministry of Health
- Macquarie Group Foundation
- Medical Research Council
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Keywords
- testosterone, dopamine signaling, nigrostriatal pathway, adolescence, dopamine transporter, vesicular monoamine transporter, dopamine receptors, dopamine D2 receptor, dopamine D3 receptor, dihydrotestosterone, estradiol, androgen receptor, substantia nigra, dorsal striatum, dopamine turnover, schizophrenia risk, gonadectomy, gene expression
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Corpus Striatum, Dopamine, Gene Expression Regulation, Male, Synaptic Transmission, Orchiectomy, Receptors, Dopamine, RNA, Messenger, Gonadal Steroid Hormones, Substantia Nigra, Testosterone, Signal Transduction, Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins, Rats
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
