Oral microbiota shift after 12-week supplementation with Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 and PTA 5289; a randomized control trial
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Lactobacillus spp. potentially contribute to health by modulating bacterial biofilm formation, but their effects on the overall oral microbiota remain unclear. METHODS AND FINDINGS: Oral microbiota was characterized via 454-pyrosequencing of the 16S rDNA hypervariable region V3-V4 after 12 weeks of daily Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 and PTA 5289 consumption. Forty-four adults were assigned to a test group (n = 22) that received lactobacilli lozenges (108 CFU of each strain/lozenge) or a control group that received placebo (n = 22). Presence of L. reuteri was confirmed by cultivation and species specific PCR. Tooth biofilm samples from 16 adults before, during, and after exposure were analyzed by pyrosequencing. A total of 1,310,292 sequences were quality filtered. After removing single reads, 257 species or phylotypes were identified at 98.5% identity in the Human Oral Microbiome Database. Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Fusobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria were the most abundant phyla. Streptococcus was the most common genus and the S. oralis/S. mitis/S. mitis bv2/S. infantis group comprised the dominant species. The number of observed species was unaffected by L. reuteri exposure. However, subjects who had consumed L. reuteri were clustered in a principal coordinates analysis relative to scattering at baseline, and multivariate modeling of pyrosequencing microbiota, and culture and PCR detected L. reuteri separated baseline from 12-week samples in test subjects. L. reuteri intake correlated with increased S. oralis/S. mitis/S. mitis bv2/S. infantis group and Campylobacter concisus, Granulicatella adiacens, Bergeyella sp. HOT322, Neisseria subflava, and SR1 [G-1] sp. HOT874 detection and reduced S. mutans, S. anginosus, N. mucosa, Fusobacterium periodicum, F. nucleatum ss vincentii, and Prevotella maculosa detection. This effect had disappeared 1 month after exposure was terminated. CONCLUSIONS: L. reuteri consumption did not affect species richness but induced a shift in the oral microbiota composition. The biological relevance of this remains to be elucidated. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02311218.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Probiotic therapy exerts a beneficial effect on dental caries, periodontitis, and pharyngitis in the oral cavity, as well as on obesity, hypertension, insulin resistance, and heart failure via the gut.
“Given, however, that probiotic therapy exerts a beneficial effect on dental caries, periodontitis, and pharyngitis in the oral cavity[408–411], as well as on obesity, hypertension, insulin resistance, and heart failure via the gut(reviewed:[399,403])”
From Enterosalivary nitrate metabolism and the microbiome: Intersection of microbial metabolism, nitric oxide and diet in cardiac and pulmonary vascular health (2017) · cites this paper as [409]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
QIIME allows analysis of high-throughput community sequencing data
Caporaso, J. G., Kuczynski, J., Stombaugh, J., Bittinger, K., Bushman, F. D., Costello, E. K., Fierer, N., Peña, A. G., Goodrich, J. K., Gordon, J. I., et al. (2010) · Nature Methods · doi:10.1038/nmeth.f.303 · Cited by 34,887 · see citing works
Search and clustering orders of magnitude faster than BLAST
Edgar, R. C. (2010) · Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btq461 · Cited by 20,617 · see citing works
Greengenes, a Chimera-Checked 16S rRNA Gene Database and Workbench Compatible with ARB
DeSantis, T. Z., Hugenholtz, P., Larsen, N., Rojas, M., Brodie, E. L., Keller, K., Huber, T., Dalevi, D., Hu, P., & Andersen, G. L. (2006) · Applied and Environmental Microbiology · doi:10.1128/aem.03006-05 · Cited by 10,891 · see citing works
Nonparametric estimation of the number of classes in a population
Chao, A. (1984) · Scandinavian Journal of Statistics · Cited by 4,263 · see citing works
Reagent and laboratory contamination can critically impact sequence-based microbiome analyses
Salter, S. J., Cox, M. J., Turek, E. M., Calus, S. T., Cookson, W. O., Moffatt, M. F., Turner, P., Parkhill, J., Loman, N. J., & Walker, A. W. (2014) · BMC Biology · doi:10.1186/s12915-014-0087-z · Cited by 3,463 · see citing works
Dewhirst, F. E., Chen, T., Izard, J., Paster, B. J., Tanner, A. C. R., Yu, W.-H., Lakshmanan, A., & Wade, W. G. (2010) · Journal of Bacteriology · doi:10.1128/jb.00542-10 · Cited by 3,352 · see citing works
Self-citationLozupone, C., Hamady, M., Kelley, S. T., & Knight, R. D. (2007) · Applied and Environmental Microbiology · doi:10.1128/aem.01996-06 · Cited by 2,717 · see citing works
Succession of microbial consortia in the developing infant gut microbiome
Koenig, J. E., Spor, A., Scalfone, N., Fricker, A. D., Stombaugh, J., Knight, R., Angenent, L. T., & Ley, R. E. (2011) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1000081107 · Cited by 2,540 · see citing works
Occlusal Caries: Biological Approach for Its Diagnosis and Management
Carvalho, J. C., Dige, I., Mačhiulskienė, V., Qvist, V., Bakhshandeh, A., Parolo, C. C. F., & Maltz, M. (2016) · Caries Research · doi:10.1159/000448662 · Cited by 2,159 · see citing works
A Sequencing Method Based on Real-Time Pyrophosphate
Ronaghi, M., Uhlén, M., & Nyrén, P. (1998) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.281.5375.363 · Cited by 1,630 · see citing works
OPLS discriminant analysis: combining the strengths of PLS-DA and SIMCA classification
Bylesjö, M., Rantalainen, M., Cloarec, O., Nicholson, J. K., Holmes, E., & Trygg, J. (2006) · Journal of Chemometrics · doi:10.1002/cem.1006 · Cited by 1,475 · see citing works
The oral microbiome in health and disease
Wade, W. G. (2013) · Pharmacological Research · doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2012.11.006 · Cited by 1,347 · see citing works
Defining the healthy “core microbiome” of oral microbial communities
Zaura, E., Keijser, B. J., Huse, S. M., & Crielaard, W. (2009) · BMC Microbiology · doi:10.1186/1471-2180-9-259 · Cited by 1,323 · see citing works
Microbial culturomics: paradigm shift in the human gut microbiome study
Lagier, J., Armougom, F., Million, M., Hugon, P., Pagnier, I., Robert, C., Bittar, F., Fournous, G., Gimenez, G., Maraninchi, M., et al. (2012) · Clinical Microbiology and Infection · doi:10.1111/1469-0691.12023 · Cited by 1,200 · see citing works
Chen, T., Yu, W.-H., Izard, J., Baranova, O. V., Lakshmanan, A., & Dewhirst, F. E. (2010) · Database · doi:10.1093/database/baq013 · Cited by 1,162 · see citing works
Griffen, A. L., Beall, C. J., Campbell, J. H., Firestone, N. D., Kumar, P., Yang, Z. K., Podar, M., & Leys, E. J. (2011) · The ISME Journal · doi:10.1038/ismej.2011.191 · Cited by 1,006 · see citing works
Glaser, E. (1972) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm197210192871623 · Cited by 970 · see citing works
Oral Microbial Communities: Biofilms, Interactions, and Genetic Systems
Kolenbrander, P. E. (2000) · Annual Review of Microbiology · doi:10.1146/annurev.micro.54.1.413 · Cited by 894 · see citing works
Human milk is a source of lactic acid bacteria for the infant gut
Martín, R., Langa, S., Reviriego, C., Jimínez, E., Marín, M. L., Xaus, J., Fernández, L., & Rodríguez, J. M. (2003) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2003.09.028 · Cited by 792 · see citing works
Orla-Jensen, S. (1919) · Cited by 676 · see citing works
Pyrosequencing analysis of the oral microflora of healthy adults
Keijser, B. J. F., Zaura, E., Huse, S. M., van der Vossen, J. M. B. M., Schuren, F. H. J., Montijn, R. C., ten Cate, J. M., & Crielaard, W. (2008) · Journal of Dental Research · doi:10.1177/154405910808701104 · Cited by 669 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Multiplex sequencing is cost-effective for the following reasons: (i) thousands of sequences can be simultaneously obtained from a single sample [54], (ii) open-ended view of the microbiome is provided, and (iii) answers regarding microbial richness and ecological stability and shift are facilitated [58].”
Design of 16S rRNA gene primers for 454 pyrosequencing of the human foregut microbiome
Nossa, C. W. (2010) · World Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.3748/wjg.v16.i33.4135 · Cited by 580 · see citing works
McNulty, N. P., Yatsunenko, T., Hsiao, A., Faith, J. J., Muegge, B. D., Goodman, A. L., Henrissat, B., Oozeer, R., Cools-Portier, S., Gobert, G., et al. (2011) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.3002701 · Cited by 544 · see citing works
Probiotic bacteria in fermented foods: product characteristics and starter organisms
Heller, K. J. (2001) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/73.2.374s · Cited by 519 · see citing works
Diet and the development of the human intestinal microbiome
Voreades, N., Kozil, A., & Weir, T. L. (2014) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2014.00494 · Cited by 495 · see citing works
Preidis, G. A., & Versalovic, J. A. (2009) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2009.01.072 · Cited by 485 · see citing works
PCR Biases Distort Bacterial and Archaeal Community Structure in Pyrosequencing Datasets
Pinto, A. J., & Raskin, L. M. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0043093 · Cited by 439 · see citing works
Probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri biofilms produce antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory factors
Jones, S. E., & Versalovic, J. A. (2009) · BMC Microbiology · doi:10.1186/1471-2180-9-35 · Cited by 417 · see citing works
The Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium microflora of the human intestine: composition and succession.
Reuter, G. (2001) · PubMed · Cited by 417 · see citing works
Moal, V. L.-L., & Servin, A. L. (2014) · Clinical Microbiology Reviews · doi:10.1128/cmr.00080-13 · Cited by 355 · see citing works
Probiotics: contributions to oral health
Meurman, J. H., & Stamatova, I. (2007) · Oral Diseases · doi:10.1111/j.1601-0825.2007.01386.x · Cited by 337 · see citing works
Savino, F., Pelle, E., Palumeri, E., Oggero, R., & MINIERO, R. (2007) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2006-1222 · Cited by 303 · see citing works
Diversification of the gut symbiont Lactobacillus reuteri as a result of host-driven evolution
Oh, P. L., Benson, A. K., Peterson, D. A., Patil, P. B., Moriyama, E. N., Roos, S., & Walter, J. (2009) · The ISME Journal · doi:10.1038/ismej.2009.123 · Cited by 274 · see citing works
Identification of lactobacilli by pheS and rpoA gene sequence analyses
Naser, S. M., Dawyndt, P., Hoste, B., Gevers, D., Vandemeulebroecke, K., Cleenwerck, I., Vancanneyt, M., & Swings, J. (2007) · INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY · doi:10.1099/ijs.0.64711-0 · Cited by 273 · see citing works
Rosander, A., Connolly, E., & Roos, S. (2008) · Applied and Environmental Microbiology · doi:10.1128/aem.00991-08 · Cited by 239 · see citing works
Lactobacillus reuteri in bovine milk fermented decreases the oral carriage of mutans streptococci
Nikawa, H., Makihira, S., Fukushima, H., NISHIMURA, H., Ozaki, Y., Ishida, K., Darmawan, S., Hamada, T., Hara, K., Matsumoto, A., et al. (2004) · International Journal of Food Microbiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2004.03.006 · Cited by 237 · see citing works
The Human Gastrointestinal Tract
MITSUOKA, T. (1992) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-3522-5_4 · Cited by 225 · see citing works
Indrio, F., Riezzo, G., Raimondi, F., Bisceglia, M., Cavallo, L., & Francavilla, R. (2008) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2007.11.005 · Cited by 222 · see citing works
Bacterial specificity in the etiology of dental caries.
van Houte, J. (1980) · PubMed · Cited by 213 · see citing works
Coccorullo, P., Strisciuglio, C., Martinelli, M., Miele, E., Greco, L., & Staiano, A. (2010) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2010.04.066 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
In vitro testing of commercial and potential probiotic lactic acid bacteria
Jensen, H., Grimmer, S., Naterstad, K., & Axelsson, L. T. (2011) · International Journal of Food Microbiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2011.11.020 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Mode of Birth Delivery Affects Oral Microbiota in Infants
Holgerson, P. L., Harnevik, L., Hernell, O., Tanner, A. C. R., & Johansson, I. (2011) · Journal of Dental Research · doi:10.1177/0022034511418973 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Self-citationÇağlar, E., Kavaloglu, S. C., Kuşcu, Ö. Ö., Sandallı, N., Holgerson, P. L., & Twetman, S. H. A. (2007) · Clinical Oral Investigations · doi:10.1007/s00784-007-0129-9 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
Oral Microbial Profile Discriminates Breast‐fed From Formula‐fed Infants
Holgerson, P. L., Vestman, N. R., Claesson, R., Öhman, C., Domellöf, M., Tanner, A. C. R., Hernell, O., & Johansson, I. (2012) · Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition · doi:10.1097/mpg.0b013e31826f2bc6 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
Self-citationSaulnier, D. M. A., dos Santos, F. B., Roos, S., Mistretta, T., Spinler, J. K., Douwe Molenaar, B., Teusink, B., & Versalovic, J. A. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0018783 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Sjöstróm, M., Wold, S., & Söderström, B. (1986) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-87877-9.50042-x · Cited by 177 · see citing works
Oral adhesion and survival of probiotic and other lactobacilli and bifidobacteria in vitro
Haukioja, A. L., Yli‐Knuuttila, H., Loimaranta, V., Kari, K., Ouwehand, A. C., Meurman, J. H., & Tenovuo, J. O. (2006) · Oral Microbiology and Immunology · doi:10.1111/j.1399-302x.2006.00299.x · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Iniesta, M., Herrera, D., Montero, E., Zurbriggen, M. M., Matos, A. R. F., Marín, M. J., Sánchez‐Beltrán, M. C., Llama‐Palacios, A., & Sanz, M. (2012) · Journal Of Clinical Periodontology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-051x.2012.01914.x · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Saxelin, M., Lassig, A., Karjalainen, H., Tynkkynen, S., Surakka, A., Vapaatalo, H., Järvenpää, S. K., Korpela, R., Mutanen, M. L., & Hatakka, K. (2010) · International Journal of Food Microbiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2010.10.009 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Colonization of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG in the oral cavity
Yli‐Knuuttila, H., Snäll, J., Kari, K., & Meurman, J. H. (2006) · Oral Microbiology and Immunology · doi:10.1111/j.1399-302x.2006.00258.x · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Probiotics: health benefits in the mouth.
Stamatova, I., & Meurman, J. H. (2009) · PubMed · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Lactobacillus‐mediated interference of mutans streptococci in caries‐free vs. caries‐active subjects
Simark‐Mattsson, C., Emilson, C. G., Håkansson, E. G., Jacobsson, C., Roos, K., & Holm, S. E. (2007) · European Journal Of Oral Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0722.2007.00458.x · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Toiviainen, A., Jalasvuori, H., Lahti, E., Gursoy, U., Salminen, S., Fontana, M., Flannagan, S., Eckert, G., Kokaras, A., Paster, B., et al. (2015) · Clinical Oral Investigations · doi:10.1007/s00784-014-1221-6 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Loimaranta, V., Jakubovics, N. S., Hytönen, J., Finne, J., Jenkinson, H. F., & Strömberg, N. (2005) · Infection and Immunity · doi:10.1128/iai.73.4.2245-2252.2005 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Microbial Risk Markers for Childhood Caries in Pediatricians’ Offices
Kanasi, E., Johansson, I., Lu, S. C., Kressin, N. R., Nunn, M. E., Kent, R., & Tanner, A. C. R. (2010) · Journal of Dental Research · doi:10.1177/0022034509360010 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Self-citationProbiotic bacteria affect the composition of salivary pellicle and streptococcal adhesion in vitro
Haukioja, A. L., Loimaranta, V., & Tenovuo, J. O. (2008) · Oral Microbiology and Immunology · doi:10.1111/j.1399-302x.2008.00435.x · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Comparison of DNA Extraction Methods in Analysis of Salivary Bacterial Communities
Lazarević, V., Gaïa, N., Girard, M., François, P., & Schrenzel, J. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0067699 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Hallström, H., Lindgren, S., Yucel‐Lindberg, T., Dahlén, G., Renvert, S., & Twetman, S. H. A. (2013) · Acta Odontologica Scandinavica · doi:10.3109/00016357.2012.734406 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Taipale, T. J., Pienihäkkinen, K., Alanen, P. J., Jokela, J., & Söderling, E. M. (2013) · Caries Research · doi:10.1159/000348424 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Lactobacilli binding human A-antigen expressed in intestinal mucosa
Uchida, H., Kinoshita, H., Kawai, Y., Kitazawa, H., Miura, K., Shiiba, K., Horii, A., Kimura, K., Taketomo, N., Oda, M., et al. (2006) · Research in Microbiology · doi:10.1016/j.resmic.2006.03.001 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Next-generation Sequencing Approaches to Understanding the Oral Microbiome
Zaura, E. (2012) · Advances in Dental Research · doi:10.1177/0022034512449466 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Characterization and in vitro properties of oral lactobacilli in breastfed infants
Vestman, N. R., Timby, N., Holgerson, P. L., Kressirer, C. A., Claesson, R., Domellöf, M., Öhman, C., Tanner, A. C. R., Hernell, O., & Johansson, I. (2013) · BMC Microbiology · doi:10.1186/1471-2180-13-193 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Self-citationKeller, M. K., Hasslöf, P., Dahlén, G., STECKSÉN‐BLICKS, C., & Twetman, S. H. A. (2012) · Caries Research · doi:10.1159/000337098 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Vestman, N. R., Hasslöf, P., Keller, M. K., Granström, E., Roos, S., Twetman, S. H. A., & STECKSÉN‐BLICKS, C. (2013) · Caries Research · doi:10.1159/000347233 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Çildir, Ş. K., Sandallı, N., Nazli, S., et al. (2011) · The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal · doi:10.1597/10-035 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Jalasvuori, H., Haukioja, A. L., & Tenovuo, J. O. (2012) · Archives of Oral Biology · doi:10.1016/j.archoralbio.2012.07.014 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Keller, M. K., Larsen, I. N., Karlsson, I., & Twetman, S. H. A. (2014) · Beneficial Microbes · doi:10.3920/bm2013.0089 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Marttinen, A. M., Haukioja, A. L., Keskin, M., et al. (2013) · Current Microbiology · doi:10.1007/s00284-013-0352-3 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Park, H. K., Yoon, J. W., Shin, J. W., et al. (2010) · FEMS Microbiology Letters · doi:10.1111/j.1574-6968.2010.01913.x · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Watanabe, M., KINOSHITA, H., Huang, I.-N., et al. (2012) · Bioscience Biotechnology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1271/bbb.120150 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- [51]Vestman NR, Timby N, Holgerson PL, Kressirer CA, Claesson R, Johansson I. Characterization and in vitro properties of oral lactobacilli in breastfed infants. BMC Microbiol. 2013; 13: 193 10.1186/1471-2180-13-193 23945215 PMC3751747 · DOI
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Understanding dental caries as a non-communicable disease
Pitts, N. B., Twetman, S., Fisher, J., & Marsh, P. D. (2021) · British Dental Journal · doi:10.1038/s41415-021-3775-4 · Cited by 346 · see citing works
Resilience of the oral microbiome
Wade, W. G. (2021) · Periodontology 2000 · doi:10.1111/prd.12365 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Koch, C. D., Gladwin, M. T., Freeman, B. A., Lundberg, J. O., Weitzberg, E., & Morris, A. (2017) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.12.015 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Oral Microbiota and Alzheimer’s Disease: Do All Roads Lead to Rome?
Sureda, A., Daglia, M., Argüelles Castilla, S., Sanadgol, N., Fazel Nabavi, S., Khan, H., Belwal, T., Jeandet, P., Marchese, A., Pistollato, F., et al. (2020) · Pharmacological Research · doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104582 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
- Authors
- Romani Vestman, N., Chen, T., Lif Holgerson, P., Öhman, C., & Johansson, I.
- Affiliations
- The Forsyth Institute (US)
- Umeå University (SE)
- Corresponding author
- Johansson, Ingegerd
- Venue
- PLoS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2015-05-06
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- e0125812
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4422650
- OpenAlex
- W1831961036
- Cited by
- 78
- References
- 70
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 7.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- DiVA at Umeå University (Umeå University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Västerbotten Läns Landsting
- Vetenskapsrådet
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (R37DE016937)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Oral microbiology and periodontitis research
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Probiotics and Fermented Foods
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Keywords
- Lactobacillus reuteri, oral microbiota, probiotic supplementation, lozenges, dental plaque, Streptococcus mutans, Granulicatella adiacens, Fusobacterium, Neisseria subflava
- MeSH terms
- Adult, DNA, Bacterial, Double-Blind Method, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Mouth, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S, Saliva, Biofilms, Dietary Supplements, Probiotics, Limosilactobacillus reuteri, Young Adult, Microbiota
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
