Resilience of the oral microbiome
Open accessAbstract
The human mouth harbors a complex microbiota, the composition of which is potentially influenced by a wide range of factors, including the intake of food and drink, the availability of endogenous nutrients, the host immune system, drug treatments, and systemic diseases. Despite these possible influences, the oral microbiota is remarkably resilient, particularly in comparison with the microbiota of the large intestine. Diet, with the exception of excessive and/or frequent consumption of fermentable carbohydrate or supplementation with nitrate, has minimal impact on the composition of the oral bacterial community. The common oral diseases dental caries and the periodontal diseases is associated with modification of the oral microbiota primarily as a result of the ecological changes induced by excessive acid production and inflammation, respectively. Systemically-administered antimicrobials have only a small effect on the composition of the oral bacterial community, and while locally delivered antimicrobials can have some clinical benefits, the biofilm lifestyle of oral bacteria lends them substantial resistance to the agents used. Saliva plays an important role in oral microbial ecology, by supplying nutrients and providing protection against colonization by nonoral organisms. Dry mouth is one condition that has a major effect on the microbiota, resulting in increased colonization by opportunistic pathogens. Some systemic diseases do affect the oral microbiome, notably diabetes, in which raised levels of glucose in saliva and tissue impact on bacterial nutrition.
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Another study observed small differences in salivary metabolomic profiles in relation to the diet practiced: omnivorous, ovo-lacto-vegetarian, or vegetarians.
“In contrast, another study observed small differences in salivary metabolomic profiles in relation to the diet practiced: omnivorous, ovo-lacto-vegetarian, or vegetarians.”
From A Cross-Talk between Diet and the Oral Microbiome: Balance of Nutrition on Inflammation and Immune System’s Response during Periodontitis (2022) · cites this paper as [63]
The small differences in salivary metabolomic profiles in relation to diet are due to the influence that diet has on the gut microbiota, which in turn influences the oral microbiota.
“This would be due to the influence that diet has on the gut microbiota, which in turn influences the oral microbiota [63].”
From A Cross-Talk between Diet and the Oral Microbiome: Balance of Nutrition on Inflammation and Immune System’s Response during Periodontitis (2022) · cites this paper as [63]
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- Authors
- Wade, W. G.
- Affiliations
- King's College London (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Wade, William G.
- ORCID
- Wade, William G.
- Venue
- Periodontology 2000
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2021-03-10
- Volume
- 86
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 113-122
- ISSN
- 0906-6713 (ISSN-L)
- 1600-0757
- OpenAlex
- W3135217424
- Cited by
- 205
- References
- 122
- Citations by year
- 2026: 33 · 2025: 52 · 2024: 38 · 2023: 40 · 2022: 34 · 2021: 8
- FWCI
- 5.12
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Periodontology 2000 (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Apollo (University of Cambridge) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Apollo
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (DE016937)
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (DE-016937, R37DE016937)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Oral microbiology and periodontitis research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Dental Health and Care Utilization
- Keywords
- oral microbiota, microbial resilience, dental caries, periodontal disease, antimicrobial resistance, biofilm, saliva, xerostomia, opportunistic pathogens, diabetes mellitus, host immune system, nitrate supplementation, oral bacterial communities
- MeSH terms
- Dental Caries, Humans, Mouth, Mouth Diseases, Saliva, Microbiota
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