Anodal tDCS over the primary motor cortex facilitates long-term memory formation reflecting use-dependent plasticity
Open accessAbstract
Previous research suggests that anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the primary motor cortex (M1) modulates NMDA receptor dependent processes that mediate synaptic plasticity. Here we test this proposal by applying anodal versus sham tDCS while subjects practiced to flex the thumb as fast as possible (ballistic movements). Repetitive practice of this task has been shown to result in performance improvements that reflect use-dependent plasticity resulting from NMDA receptor mediated, long-term potentiation (LTP)-like processes. Using a double-blind within-subject cross-over design, subjects (n=14) participated either in an anodal or a sham tDCS session which were at least 3 months apart. Sham or anodal tDCS (1 mA) was applied for 20 min during motor practice and retention was tested 30 min, 24 hours and one week later. All subjects improved performance during each of the two sessions (p < 0.001) and learning gains were similar. Our main result is that long term retention performance (i.e. 1 week after practice) was significantly better when practice was performed with anodal tDCS than with sham tDCS (p < 0.001). This effect was large (Cohen's d=1.01) and all but one subject followed the group trend. Our data strongly suggest that anodal tDCS facilitates long-term memory formation reflecting use-dependent plasticity. Our results support the notion that anodal tDCS facilitates synaptic plasticity mediated by an LTP-like mechanism, which is in accordance with previous research.
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Changes in cortical excitability and improvements in behavior induced by tDCS have been reported to persist long after the stimulation period.
“Importantly, changes in cortical excitability and improvements in behavior induced by tDCS have been reported to persist long after the stimulation period [25–28].”
From Primary outcome from the augmenting cognitive training in older adults study (ACT): A tDCS and cognitive training randomized clinical trial (2023) · cites this paper as [28]
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- Authors
- Rroji, O., van Kuyck, K., Nuttin, B., & Wenderoth, N.
- Affiliations
- KU Leuven (BE)
- ETH Zurich (CH)
- Corresponding author
- Wenderoth, Nicole
- Venue
- PLOS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2015-05-21
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- e0127270
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4440644
- OpenAlex
- W2141951582
- Cited by
- 75
- References
- 58
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 6
- FWCI
- 4.63
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Lirias (KU Leuven) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Repository for Publications and Research Data (ETH Zurich) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- ETH Zürich Research Collection (cc-by)
- Funders
- KU Leuven
- Vlaamse regering
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Keywords
- anodal tDCS, primary motor cortex, use-dependent plasticity, long-term memory formation, motor learning, ballistic movements, NMDA receptor, long-term potentiation, synaptic plasticity
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Electrodes, Female, Humans, Male, Motor Cortex, Neuronal Plasticity, Cross-Over Studies, Young Adult, Memory, Long-Term, Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation
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