Probing the interoceptive network by listening to heartbeats: an fMRI study
Open accessAbstract
Exposure to cues of homeostatic relevance (i.e. heartbeats) is supposed to increase the allocation of attentional resources towards the cue, due to its importance for self-regulatory, interoceptive processes. This functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study aimed at determining whether listening to heartbeats is accompanied by activation in brain areas associated with interoception, particularly the insular cortex. Brain activity was measured with fMRI during cue-exposure in 36 subjects while listening to heartbeats vs. sinus tones. Autonomic markers (skin conductance) and subjective measures of state and trait anxiety were assessed. Stimulation with heartbeat sounds triggered activation in brain areas commonly associated with the processing of interoceptive information, including bilateral insular cortices, the inferior frontal operculum, and the middle frontal gyrus. A psychophysiological interaction analysis indicated a functional connectivity between the middle frontal gyrus (seed region) and bilateral insular cortices, the left amygdala and the supplementary motor area. The magnitude of neural activation in the right anterior insular cortex was positively associated with autonomic arousal. The present findings indicate that listening to heartbeats induced activity in areas of the interoception network as well as changes in psychophysiological arousal and subjective emotional experience. As this approach constitutes a promising method for studying interoception in the fMRI environment, a clinical application in anxiety prone populations should be addressed by future studies.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The interoceptive network has multiple connections to the amygdala, hypothalamus, hippocampus, and brainstem.
“This network also presents multiple connections to the amygdala, hypothalamus, hippocampus, and brainstem (Craig, 2009; Becker et al., 2015; Kleint et al., 2015; Khalsa et al., 2018).”
From Mindfulness, Interoception, and the Body: A Contemporary Perspective (2019) · cites this paper as Kleint et al., 2015
The Results (Fig. 3) report enhanced connectivity between the middle frontal gyrus and both the insular cortices and amygdala; the Discussion describes this as an interconnection involving interoceptive-network and threat-processing structures. Our copy does not establish the claimed connections to the hypothalamus, hippocampus, or brainstem. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
The assessment and analysis of handedness: The Edinburgh inventory
Oldfield, R. C. (1971) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/0028-3932(71)90067-4 · Cited by 35,900 · see citing works
Tzourio-Mazoyer, N., Landeau, B., Papathanassiou, D., Crivello, F., Etard, O., Delcroix, N., Mazoyer, B., & Joliot, M. (2002) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1006/nimg.2001.0978 · Cited by 16,319 · see citing works
How do you feel — now? The anterior insula and human awareness
(Bud) Craig, A. D. (2009) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2555 · Cited by 6,657 · cited 2× · see citing works
“On the basis of accumulating evidence for an insular-opercular network, amygdala involvement in processing stimuli of biological significance and more adjacent prefrontal regulatory structures mediating interoceptive awareness, sensitivity, or avoidance preparation [2, 8, 16], as well as the PPC in reallocating attent…”
BackgroundMaldjian, J. A., Laurienti, P. J., Kraft, R., & Burdette, J. H. (2003) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/s1053-8119(03)00169-1 · Cited by 5,066 · see citing works
Thresholding of statistical maps in functional neuroimaging using the false discovery rate
Genovese, C. R., Lazar, N. A., & Nichols, T. (2002) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1006/nimg.2001.1037 · Cited by 4,923 · see citing works
Neural systems supporting interoceptive awareness
Critchley, H. D., Wiens, S., Rotshtein, P., Öhman, A., & Dolan, R. J. (2004) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1176 · Cited by 3,406 · see citing works
Psychophysiological and Modulatory Interactions in Neuroimaging
Friston, K. J., Buechel, C., Fink, G. R., Morris, J., Rolls, E., & Dolan, R. J. (1997) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1006/nimg.1997.0291 · Cited by 3,097 · see citing works
A cognitive model of social phobia
Adrian Wells, A. (1995) · Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) · Cited by 2,701 · see citing works
Interoception: the sense of the physiological condition of the body
(Bud) Craig, A. (2003) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/s0959-4388(03)00090-4 · Cited by 2,556 · see citing works
Neurobiology of emotion perception I: the neural basis of normal emotion perception
Phillips, M. L., Drevets, W. C., Rauch, S. L., & Lane, R. (2003) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(03)00168-9 · Cited by 2,173 · see citing works
Interoceptive inference, emotion, and the embodied self
Seth, A. K. (2013) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2013.09.007 · Cited by 1,816 · see citing works
Circuitry and functional aspects of the insular lobe in primates including humans
AUGUSTINE, J. (1996) · Brain Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0165-0173(96)00011-2 · Cited by 1,776 · see citing works
Social phobia: Diagnosis, assessment, and treatment
Franklin, M. E. (1996) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/s0272-7358(96)00036-0 · Cited by 1,389 · see citing works
Heart beat perception and emotional experience
Schandry, R. (1981) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1981.tb02486.x · Cited by 1,335 · see citing works
Paulus, M. P., & Stein, M. B. (2006) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.03.042 · Cited by 1,325 · see citing works
Social Phobia: Diagnosis, Assessment, and Treatment
Amada, G. (1996) · American Journal of Psychotherapy · doi:10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.1996.50.3.373 · Cited by 1,248 · see citing works
Neural mechanisms of autonomic, affective, and cognitive integration
Critchley, H. D. (2005) · Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.20749 · Cited by 1,214 · see citing works
Visceral influences on brain and behavior
Critchley, H. D., & Harrison, N. A. (2013) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2013.02.008 · Cited by 1,177 · see citing works
Social phobia : diagnosis, assessment, and treatment
Heimberg, R. G. (1995) · Guilford Press eBooks · Cited by 1,067 · see citing works
A modern learning theory perspective on the etiology of panic disorder.
Bouton, M. E., Mineka, S., & Barlow, D. H. (2001) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.108.1.4 · Cited by 1,017 · see citing works
Precentral gyrus discrepancy in electronic versions of the Talairach atlas
Maldjian, J. A., Laurienti, P. J., & Burdette, J. H. (2003) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2003.09.032 · Cited by 868 · see citing works
Optimized EPI for fMRI studies of the orbitofrontal cortex
Deichmann, R., Gottfried, J. A., Hutton, C., & Turner, R. (2003) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/s1053-8119(03)00073-9 · Cited by 821 · see citing works
Critchley, H. D., Corfield, D. R., Chandler, M. P., Mathias, C. J., & Dolan, R. J. (2000) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7793.2000.t01-1-00259.x · Cited by 757 · see citing works
Two systems of resting state connectivity between the insula and cingulate cortex
Taylor, K. S., Seminowicz, D. A., & Davis, K. D. (2009) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.20705 · Cited by 665 · see citing works
Emotion, Cognition, and Mental State Representation in Amygdala and Prefrontal Cortex
Salzman, C. D., & Fusi, S. (2010) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.051508.135256 · Cited by 599 · see citing works
Decomposition of skin conductance data by means of nonnegative deconvolution
Benedek, M., & Kaernbach, C. (2010) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.2009.00972.x · Cited by 594 · see citing works
Differential Contributions of the Left and Right Inferior Parietal Lobules to Number Processing
Chochon, F., Cohen, L., Moortele, P. F. V. D., & Dehaene, S. (1999) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/089892999563689 · Cited by 591 · see citing works
Domschke, K., Stevens, S., Pfleiderer, B., & Gerlach, A. L. (2010) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2009.08.008 · Cited by 580 · see citing works
Clower, D. M., West, R. A., Lynch, J. C., & Strick, P. L. (2001) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.21-16-06283.2001 · Cited by 549 · see citing works
Overlapping activity in anterior insula during interoception and emotional experience
Zaki, J., Davis, J. I., & Ochsner, K. N. (2012) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.05.012 · Cited by 462 · see citing works
Interoception in emotional experience
Wiens, S. (2005) · Current Opinion in Neurology · doi:10.1097/01.wco.0000168079.92106.99 · Cited by 356 · see citing works
Brain structures mediating cardiovascular arousal and interoceptive awareness
Pollatos, O., Schandry, R., Auer, D. P., & Kaufmann, C. (2007) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2007.01.026 · Cited by 351 · see citing works
Neuroanatomical basis for first- and second-order representations of bodily states
Critchley, H. D., Mathias, C. J., & Dolan, R. J. (2001) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/84048 · Cited by 312 · see citing works
The Unpleasantness of Perceived Dyspnea Is Processed in the Anterior Insula and Amygdala
von Leupoldt, A., Sommer, T., Kegat, S., Baumann, H. J., Klose, H., Dahme, B., & Büchel, C. (2008) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.200712-1821oc · Cited by 302 · see citing works
Neuronal correlates of altered empathy and social cognition in borderline personality disorder
Dziobek, I., Preißler, S., Grozdanovic, Z., Heuser, I., Heekeren, H. R., & Roepke, S. (2011) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.05.005 · Cited by 300 · see citing works
Meta-analytic clustering of the insular cortex
Cauda, F., Costa, T., Torta, D. M. E., Sacco, K., D’Agata, F., Duca, S., Geminiani, G. C., Fox, P. T., & Vercelli, A. (2012) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.04.012 · Cited by 289 · see citing works
Functional neuroanatomy of the insular lobe
Stephani, C., Fernandez-Baca Vaca, G., Maciunas, R., Koubeissi, M., & Lüders, H. O. (2011) · Brain Structure and Function · doi:10.1007/s00429-010-0296-3 · Cited by 251 · see citing works
How does interoceptive awareness interact with the subjective experience of emotion? An fMRI Study
Terasawa, Y., Fukushima, H., & Umeda, S. (2013) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.21458 · Cited by 228 · see citing works
Anterior insular cortex mediates bodily sensibility and social anxiety
Terasawa, Y., Shibata, M., Moriguchi, Y., & Umeda, S. (2013) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nss108 · Cited by 224 · see citing works
Range Correction Applied to Heart Rate and to GSR Data
Lykken, D. T. (1972) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1972.tb03222.x · Cited by 193 · see citing works
Inferior frontal gyrus activity triggers anterior insula response to emotional facial expressions.
Jabbi, M., & Keysers, C. (2008) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/a0014194 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Anterior insular cortex anticipates impending stimulus significance
Lovero, K. L., Simmons, A. N., Aron, J. L., & Paulus, M. P. (2009) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.12.070 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Wendt, J., Lotze, M., Weike, A. I., Hosten, N., & Hamm, A. O. (2007) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.2007.00620.x · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Cameron, O. G., & Minoshima, S. (2002) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/01.psy.0000038939.33335.32 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
The differential involvement of inferior parietal lobule in number comparison: a rTMS study
Sandrini, M., Rossini, P. M., & Miniussi, C. (2004) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2004.05.005 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Interoception and panic disorder
Ehlers, A. (1993) · Advances in Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0146-6402(93)90001-i · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Brain activation during anticipation of interoceptive threat
Holtz, K., Pané‐Farré, C. A., Wendt, J., Lotze, M., & Hamm, A. O. (2012) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.03.019 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Another major function of the anterior cingulate cortex: The representation of requirements
Weston, C. S. E. (2011) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2011.04.014 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Effects of Yohimbine on Cerebral Blood Flow, Symptoms, and Physiological Functions in Humans
Cameron, O. G., Zubieta, J. K., Grunhaus, L. J., & Minoshima, S. (2000) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-200007000-00014 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Detection, discrimination and sensation of visceral stimuli
Hölzl, R., Erasmus, L.-P., & Möltner, A. (1996) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/0301-0511(95)05155-4 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Neural substrates of defensive reactivity in two subtypes of specific phobia
Lueken, U., Hilbert, K., Stolyar, V., Maslowski, N. I., Beesdo‐Baum, K., & Wïttchen, H. (2013) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nst159 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Self-citationFunctional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Analysis of Attention to One’s Heartbeat
Tracy, J., Goyal, N., Flanders, A. E., Weening, R., Laskas, J., Natale, P., & Waldron, B. (2007) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0b013e31815b60cf · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Pfleiderer, B., Berse, T., Stroux, D., Ewert, A., Konrad, C., & Gerlach, A. L. (2014) · Journal of Neural Transmission · doi:10.1007/s00702-014-1248-5 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Dziobek, I., Preißler, S., Grozdanovic, Z., Heuser, I., Heekeren, H. R., & Roepke, S. (2012) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.02.062 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
The unpleasantness of dyspnea is processed in the human anterior insula and amygdala
von Leupoldt, A., Sommer, T., Kegat, S., Baumann, H., Klose, H. F. E., Dahme, B., & Büchel, C. (2010) · Biological Psychology · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Mindfulness, Interoception, and the Body: A Contemporary Perspective
Gibson, J. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02012 · Cited by 278 · see citing works
Schulz, S. M. (2016) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2016.0018 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
García-Cordero, I., Esteves, S., Mikulan, E. P., Hesse, E., Baglivo, F. H., Silva, W., García, M. D. C., Vaucheret, E., Ciraolo, C., García, H. S., et al. (2017) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2017.00411 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
A multidimensional and multi-feature framework for cardiac interoception
Fittipaldi, S., Abrevaya, S., Fuente, A. D. L., Pascariello, G. O., Hesse, E., Birba, A., Salamone, P., Hildebrandt, M., Martí, S. A., Pautassi, R. M., et al. (2020) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116677 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Out-of-step: brain-heart desynchronization in anxiety disorders
Tumati, S., Paulus, M. P., & Northoff, G. (2021) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-021-01029-w · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Villena‐González, M., Moënne‐Loccoz, C., Lagos, R. A., Alliende, L. M., Billeke, P., Aboitiz, F., López, V., & Cosmelli, D. (2017) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/psyp.12894 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Interoception, network physiology and the emergence of bodily self-awareness
Candia‐Rivera, D., Engelen, T., Babo-Rebelo, M., & Salamone, P. (2024) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105864 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Sundermann, B., Bode, J., Lueken, U., Westphal, D., Gerlach, A. L., Straube, B., Wittchen, H.-U., Ströhle, A., Wittmann, A., Konrad, C., et al. (2017) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00099 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Self-citationWhite matter correlates of anxiety sensitivity in panic disorder
Kim, M., Kim, B., Choi, T. K., & Lee, S. (2016) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2016.08.043 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Abrevaya, S., Fittipaldi, S., García, A. M., Dottori, M., Santamaria-Garcia, H., Birba, A., Yoris, A., Hildebrandt, M. K., Salamone, P., De la Fuente, A., et al. (2020) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0000000000000868 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Insula neuroanatomical networks predict interoceptive awareness
Fermin, A. S. R., Sasaoka, T., Maekawa, T., Chan, H.-L., Machizawa, M. G., Okada, G., Okamoto, Y., & Yamawaki, S. (2023) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18307 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Confounding effects of heart rate, breathing rate, and frontal fNIRS on interoception
Candia‐Rivera, D., Sappia, M. S., Horschig, J. M., Colier, W. N. J. M., & Valenza, G. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-25119-z · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Coll, M., Penton, T., & Hobson, H. (2017) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2016.0506 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Cardiac and Gastric Interoceptive Awareness Have Distinct Neural Substrates
Haruki, Y., & Ogawa, K. (2023) · eNeuro · doi:10.1523/eneuro.0157-22.2023 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Azevedo, R. T., Aglioti, S. M., & Lenggenhager, B. (2016) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep26545 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Three Unresolved Issues in Human Morality
Kagan, J. (2018) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691617727862 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Blickle, M., Klüpfel, C., Homola, G., Gamer, M., Herrmann, M. J., Störk, S., Gelbrich, G., Heuschmann, P., Deckert, J., Pham, M., et al. (2023) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.11.044 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Kagan, J. (2017) · Emotion Review · doi:10.1177/1754073916679009 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
May, A. C., Davis, C. B., Kirlić, N., & Stewart, J. L. (2022) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci12020279 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Listen to the beat: Behavioral and neurophysiological correlates of slow and fast heartbeat sounds
Vicentin, S., Guglielmi, S., Stramucci, G., Bisiacchi, P. S., & Cainelli, E. (2024) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2024.112447 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Cortex, Insula, and Interoception
Rahmani, M., & Rahmani, F. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-10620-1_4 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Lepping, R. J., Bruce, J. M., Gustafson, K. M., Hu, J., Martin, L. E., Savage, C. R., & Atchley, R. A. (2019) · Brain and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2019.103593 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Actions of a shaken heart: Interoception interacts with action processing
Bečev, O., Kozáková, E., Sakálošová, L., Mareček, R., Majchrowicz, B., Román, R., & Brázdil, M. (2022) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2022.108288 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Interoception after frontal brain injury: A systematic review
Bodart, A., Invernizzi, S., Lefèbvre, L., & Rossignol, M. (2025) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s1355617725000098 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Bednarek, L., Harrison, B. J., Davey, C. G., Steward, T., & Jamieson, A. J. (2026) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-026-02201-5 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“Within this framework, it has been suggested that the dor - sal posterior insula primarily processes early interoceptive signals, whereas the anterior insular cortex integrates this information with higher order representations and conscious awareness [ 23 , 25].”
Miedema, M., Dagenais, R., Torabi, M., Askarinejad, S. E., Long, S., & Mitsis, G. D. (2025) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2025.121369 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Brain–heart interplay modulation during biofeedback: A new frontier in understanding self-regulation
Mura, F., Ruggiero, V., Catrambone, V., & Patron, E. (2026) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2026.121695 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
The Influence of False Cardiac Feedback on Autonomic Markers of Arousal
Kuřátková, M., Bečev, O., Kozáková, E., Mareček, R., Sakálošová, L., Majchrowicz, B., Román, R., & Brázdil, M. (2019) · Studia Psychologica · doi:10.21909/sp.2019.03.778 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Late ERP amplitude for self-face perception positively associated with heartbeat perception accuracyPreprint
Тумялис, А. В., Alikovskaia, T., Смирнов, А. В., Khoroshikh, P. P., Fadeev, K. A., Gutnikov, S. A., & Golokhvast, K. S. (2019) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/792366
Lv, J., Xu, H., Li, J., Sun, L., Zhu, G.-H., & Wang, W.-W. (2025) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-025-06801-8
Silva, R., Costa, N., Sampaio, A., & Coutinho, J. F. P. (2025) · Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback · doi:10.1007/s10484-025-09737-7 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Exposure to false cardiac feedback alters pain perception and anticipatory cardiac frequencyPreprint
Parrotta, E., Bach, P., Pezzulo, G., Zaccaro, A., Perrucci, M. G., Costantini, M., & Ferri, F. (2026) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.90013.2
Music-induced emotion as controlled hallucination: an active interoceptive inference account
Tsai, C. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1759699
- Authors
- Kleint, N. I., Wittchen, H.-U., & Lueken, U.
- Affiliations
- Neuroimaging Center (DE)
- Universitätsklinikum Würzburg (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Lueken, Ulrike
- ORCID
- Lueken, Ulrike
- Venue
- PLOS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2015-07-23
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- e0133164
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4512728
- OpenAlex
- W1021387907
- Cited by
- 32
- References
- 55
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 3
- FWCI
- 2.44
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Online Publication Service of Würzburg University (Würzburg University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Technische Universität Dresden
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- interoception, insula, interoceptive attention, autonomic arousal, skin conductance, anxiety, amygdala, supplementary motor area, middle frontal gyrus, psychophysiological interaction, emotional experience
- MeSH terms
- Amygdala, Anxiety, Arousal, Attention, Brain Mapping, Cerebral Cortex, Cues, Emotions, Female, Frontal Lobe, Galvanic Skin Response, Heart Auscultation, Heart Rate, Homeostasis, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Motor Cortex, Interoception
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
