Two systems of resting state connectivity between the insula and cingulate cortex
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The insula and cingulate cortices are implicated in emotional, homeostatic/allostatic, sensorimotor, and cognitive functions. Non-human primates have specific anatomical connections between sub-divisions of the insula and cingulate. Specifically, the anterior insula projects to the pregenual anterior cingulate cortex (pACC) and the anterior and posterior mid-cingulate cortex (aMCC and pMCC); the mid-posterior insula only projects to the posterior MCC (pMCC). In humans, functional neuroimaging studies implicate the anterior insula and pre/subgenual ACC in emotional processes, the mid-posterior insula with awareness and interoception, and the MCC with environmental monitoring, response selection, and skeletomotor body orientation. Here, we tested the hypothesis that distinct resting state functional connectivity could be identified between (1) the anterior insula and pACC/aMCC; and (2) the entire insula (anterior, middle, and posterior insula) and the pMCC. Functional connectivity was assessed from resting state fMRI scans in 19 healthy volunteers using seed regions of interest in the anterior, middle, and posterior insula. Highly correlated, low-frequency oscillations (< 0.05 Hz) were identified between specific insula and cingulate subdivisions. The anterior insula was shown to be functionally connected with the pACC/aMCC and the pMCC, while the mid/posterior insula was only connected with the pMCC. These data provide evidence for a resting state anterior insula-pACC/aMCC cingulate system that may integrate interoceptive information with emotional salience to form a subjective representation of the body; and another system that includes the entire insula and MCC, likely involved in environmental monitoring, response selection, and skeletomotor body orientation.
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The AIC and ACC are functionally and structurally connected.
“The AIC and ACC are known to be functionally (Taylor et al., 2009) and structurally (van den Heuvel et al., 2009) connected.”
From An Interoceptive Predictive Coding Model of Conscious Presence (2012) · cites this paper as Taylor et al., 2009
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“The AIC and ACC are known to be functionally (Taylor et al., 2009) and structurally (van den Heuvel et al., 2009) connected.”
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“Prior investigations of the insular cortex functional connectivity among healthy populations demonstrated that both the anterior insular cortex (including both ventral and dorsal anterior insula) were connected with cognitive control regions, including dorsal ACC and lateral PFC (Taylor et al., 2009; Cauda et al., 201…”
BackgroundI keep a close watch on this heart of mine: increased interoception in insomnia
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“The resting activity of aMCC is significantly correlated with that of ventral anterior insular cortex (Taylor et al., 2009), which is believed to play an important role in predicting the state of the body (Barrett and Simmons, 2015).”
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- Authors
- Taylor, K. S., Seminowicz, D. A., & Davis, K. D.
- Affiliations
- University Health Network (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Davis, Karen D.
- Venue
- Human Brain Mapping
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2008-12-15
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 2731-2745
- ISSN
- 1065-9471 (ISSN-L)
- 1097-0193
- PMC
- PMC6871122
- OpenAlex
- W2149754624
- Cited by
- 665
- References
- 82
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 32 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 41 · 2021: 42 · 2020: 37 · 2019: 34 · 2018: 31 · 2017: 36 · 2016: 55 · 2015: 51 · 2014: 54 · 2013: 50 · 2012: 51
- FWCI
- 15.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Human Brain Mapping (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- insula, cingulate cortex, resting-state functional connectivity, anterior insula, pregenual anterior cingulate cortex, anterior midcingulate cortex, interoception, emotional salience, representation of the body, environmental monitoring, response selection
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Arousal, Awareness, Biological Clocks, Brain Mapping, Cerebral Cortex, Emotions, Evoked Potentials, Female, Gyrus Cinguli, Homeostasis, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Musculoskeletal System, Neural Pathways, Orientation, Space Perception, Visceral Afferents, Young Adult
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