Anterior insular cortex mediates bodily sensibility and social anxiety
Open accessAbstract
Studies in psychiatry and cognitive neuroscience have reported an important relationship between individual interoceptive accuracy and anxiety level. This indicates that greater attention to one's bodily state may contribute to the development of intense negative emotions and anxiety disorders. We hypothesized that reactivity in the anterior insular cortex underlies the intensity of interoceptive awareness and anxiety. To elucidate this triadic mechanism, we conducted functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and mediation analyses to examine the relationship between emotional disposition and activation in the anterior insular cortex while participants evaluated their own emotional and bodily states. Our results indicated that right anterior insular activation was positively correlated with individual levels of social anxiety and neuroticism and negatively correlated with agreeableness and extraversion. The results of the mediation analyses revealed that activity in the right anterior insula mediated the activity of neural correlates of interoceptive sensibility and social fear. Our findings suggest that attention to interoceptive sensation affects personality traits through how we feel emotion subjectively in various situations.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Studies indicate that socially anxious individuals pay more attention to their internal bodily sensations, resulting in enhanced interoceptive sensibility and accuracy.
“Studies indicate that socially anxious individuals pay more attention to their internal bodily sensations, resulting in enhanced interoceptive sensibility (Terasawa et al. 2013) and accuracy (Stevens et al. 2011; see Garfinkel et al. 2015, for the distinction between facets of interoception).”
From Interpersonal Physiological Synchrony During Dyadic Joint Action Is Increased by Task Novelty and Reduced by Social Anxiety (2025) · cites this paper as Terasawa et al. 2013
Activation of the anterior insula is associated with anxiety level.
“Other research has shown that activation of the anterior insula is associated with anxiety level (Terasawa et al., 2013; Mallorquí-Bagué et al., 2014).”
From Mindfulness, Interoception, and the Body: A Contemporary Perspective (2019) · cites this paper as Terasawa et al., 2013
Cites
Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales.
Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.54.6.1063 · Cited by 32,433 · see citing works
How do you feel — now? The anterior insula and human awareness
(Bud) Craig, A. D. (2009) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2555 · Cited by 6,657 · see citing works
Cognitive, social, and physiological determinants of emotional state.
Schachter, S., & Singer, J. (1962) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0046234 · Cited by 6,223 · see citing works
The Integrative Action of the Nervous System.
Sherrington, C. (1907) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/00005053-190734120-00021 · Cited by 4,136 · see citing works
JAMES, W. (1884) · Mind · doi:10.1093/mind/os-ix.34.188 · Cited by 3,446 · see citing works
Neural systems supporting interoceptive awareness
Critchley, H. D., Wiens, S., Rotshtein, P., Öhman, A., & Dolan, R. J. (2004) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1176 · Cited by 3,406 · see citing works
Etkin, A., & Wager, T. D. (2007) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2007.07030504 · Cited by 3,391 · cited 2× · see citing works
“In addition, enhanced functional connectivity of thalamo-cortical circuits, including the insula and the medial prefrontal cortex, has been observed in social anxiety disorders (Etkin and Wager, 2007; Gimenez et al., 2012).”
BackgroundAutonomic nervous system activity distinguishes among emotions
Ekman, P., Levenson, R. W., & Friesen, W. V. (1983) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.6612338 · Cited by 2,692 · see citing works
James, W. (2005) · Williams & Wilkins eBooks · doi:10.1037/10735-001 · Cited by 2,221 · see citing works
Neurobiology of emotion perception II: implications for major psychiatric disorders
Phillips, M. L., Drevets, W. C., Rauch, S. L., & Lane, R. (2003) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(03)00171-9 · Cited by 1,736 · see citing works
Heart beat perception and emotional experience
Schandry, R. (1981) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1981.tb02486.x · Cited by 1,335 · see citing works
Paulus, M. P., & Stein, M. B. (2006) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.03.042 · Cited by 1,325 · see citing works
A common role of insula in feelings, empathy and uncertainty
Singer, T., Critchley, H. D., & Preuschoff, K. (2009) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2009.05.001 · Cited by 1,270 · see citing works
Voluntary Facial Action Generates Emotion‐Specific Autonomic Nervous System Activity
Levenson, R. W., Ekman, P., & Friesen, W. V. (1990) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1990.tb02330.x · Cited by 1,248 · see citing works
Bechara, A., Tranel, D., Damasio, H., & Damasio, A. R. (1996) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/6.2.215 · Cited by 1,179 · see citing works
Interoception in anxiety and depression
Paulus, M. P., & Stein, M. B. (2010) · Brain Structure and Function · doi:10.1007/s00429-010-0258-9 · Cited by 952 · see citing works
Quality of life in the anxiety disorders: a meta-analytic review
Olatunji, B. O., Cisler, J. M., & Tolin, D. F. (2007) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2007.01.015 · Cited by 808 · see citing works
Decreased volume of left and total anterior insular lobule in schizophrenia
Makris, N., Goldstein, J. M., Kennedy, D. N., Hodge, S. M., Caviness, V. S., Faraone, S. V., Tsuang, M. T., & Seidman, L. J. (2006) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2005.11.020 · Cited by 743 · see citing works
Nonlinear event‐related responses in fMRI
Friston, K. J., Josephs, O., Rees, G. E., & Turner, R. (1998) · Magnetic Resonance in Medicine · doi:10.1002/mrm.1910390109 · Cited by 629 · see citing works
Forebrain emotional asymmetry: a neuroanatomical basis?
Craig, A. D. (. (2005) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2005.10.005 · Cited by 626 · see citing works
Bögels, S., & Mansell, W. (2004) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2004.06.005 · Cited by 592 · see citing works
Domschke, K., Stevens, S., Pfleiderer, B., & Gerlach, A. L. (2010) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2009.08.008 · Cited by 580 · see citing works
Listening to Your Heart: How Interoception Shapes Emotion Experience and Intuitive Decision Making
Dunn, B. D., Galton, H. C., Morgan, R., Evans, D., Oliver, C., Meyer, M., Cusack, R., Lawrence, A. D., & Dalgleish, T. (2010) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797610389191 · Cited by 566 · see citing works
Interoception: The Inside Story—A Model for Psychosomatic Processes
Cameron, O. G. (2001) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-200109000-00001 · Cited by 535 · see citing works
Basic emotions are associated with distinct patterns of cardiorespiratory activity
Rainville, P., Bechara, A., Naqvi, N. H., & Damásio, A. R. (2006) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2005.10.024 · Cited by 499 · see citing works
Huettel, S. A., Song, A. W., & McCarthy, G. (2005) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.5070-04.2005 · Cited by 457 · see citing works
Empathy and Judging Other's Pain: An fMRI Study of Alexithymia
Moriguchi, Y., Decety, J., Ohnishi, T., Maeda, M., Mori, T., Nemoto, K., Matsuda, H., & Komaki, G. (2006) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhl130 · Cited by 451 · see citing works
Self-citationInteroceptive sensitivity and self-reports of emotional experience
Barrett, L. F., Quigley, K. S., Bliss-Moreau, E., & Aronson, K. R. (2004) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.87.5.684 · Cited by 432 · see citing works
Boundaries of Major Depression: An Evaluation of DSM-IV Criteria
Kendler, K. S., & Gardner, C. O. (1998) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.155.2.172 · Cited by 430 · see citing works
Neural correlates of individual ratings of emotional salience: A trial-related fMRI study
Phan, K. L., Taylor, S. F., Welsh, R. C., Ho, S.-H., Britton, J. C., & Liberzon, I. (2004) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2003.09.072 · Cited by 416 · see citing works
The Distress and Risk Assessment Method
Main, C. J., WOOD, P. L. R., Hollis, S., Spanswick, C. C., & Waddell, G. (1992) · Spine · doi:10.1097/00007632-199201000-00007 · Cited by 410 · see citing works
Heartbeat detection and the experience of emotions
Wiens, S., Mezzacappa, E. S., & Katkin, E. S. (2000) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/026999300378905 · Cited by 347 · see citing works
Critchley, H. D., Rotshtein, P., Nagai, Y., O'Doherty, J., Mathias, C. J., & Dolan, R. J. (2005) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.10.013 · Cited by 340 · see citing works
On the relationship between interoceptive awareness, emotional experience, and brain processes
Pollatos, O., Kirsch, W., & Schandry, R. (2005) · Cognitive Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.cogbrainres.2005.09.019 · Cited by 316 · see citing works
Neuroanatomy Through Clinical Cases
Blumenfeld, H. (2002) · Cited by 287 · see citing works
Herbert, B. M., Muth, E. R., Pollatos, O., & Herbert, C. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0036646 · Cited by 287 · see citing works
Blair, K., Shaywitz, J., Smith, B. W., Rhodes, R., Geraci, M., Jones, M., McCaffrey, D., Vythilingam, M., Finger, E., Mondillo, K., et al. (2008) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2008.07071060 · Cited by 282 · see citing works
Persistence of feelings and sentience after bilateral damage of the insula
Damasio, A., Damasio, H., & Tranel, D. (2013) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhs077 · Cited by 282 · see citing works
The NEO Personality Inventory: Using the Five‐Factor ModeI in Counseling
McCrae, R. R., & Costa, P. T. (1991) · Journal of Counseling & Development · doi:10.1002/j.1556-6676.1991.tb01524.x · Cited by 263 · see citing works
Orfei, M. D., Robinson, R. G., Prigatano, G. P., STARKSTEIN, S. E., Rüsch, N., Bria, P., Caltagirone, C., & Spalletta, G. (2007) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awm106 · Cited by 257 · see citing works
How does interoceptive awareness interact with the subjective experience of emotion? An fMRI Study
Terasawa, Y., Fukushima, H., & Umeda, S. (2013) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.21458 · Cited by 228 · see citing works
Self-citationLane, R. D. (2008) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0b013e3181647e44 · Cited by 223 · see citing works
Anderson, E. R., & Hope, D. A. (2008) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2008.03.011 · Cited by 218 · see citing works
Depersonalization disorder: thinking without feeling.
Phillips, M. L., Medford, N., Senior, C., Bullmore, E. T., Suckling, J., Brammer, M. J., Andrew, C., Sierra, M., Williams, S. C. R., & David, A. S. (2001) · Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/s0925-4927(01)00119-6 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
Pollatos, O., Traut-Mattausch, E., Schroeder, H., & Schandry, R. (2007) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2006.12.004 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
Weber, E. U., & Johnson, E. J. (2009) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-374176-9.00010-5 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
Development of the Japanese version of Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) scales
SATO, A., & Yasuda, A. (2001) · The Japanese Journal of Personality · doi:10.2132/jjpjspp.9.2_138 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
Rosen, S. D., Paulesu, E., Nihoyannopoulos, P., Tousoulis, D., Frackowiak, R. S. J., Frith, C., Jones, T., & Camici, P. G. (1996) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-124-11-199606010-00001 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
Phobic, Panic, and Major Depressive Disorders and the Five-Factor Model of Personality
Bienvenu, O. J., Nestadt, G., SAMUELS, J. F., Costa, P. T., HOWARD, W. T., & Eaton, W. W. (2001) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/00005053-200103000-00003 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
The Distress and Risk Assessment Method (DRAM)
Hobby, J., Lutchman, L. N., Powell, J. M., & Sharp, D. J. (2001) · Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery - British Volume · doi:10.1302/0301-620x.83b1.10861 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Anterior insular cortex anticipates impending stimulus significance
Lovero, K. L., Simmons, A. N., Aron, J. L., & Paulus, M. P. (2009) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.12.070 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Correlation between alexithymia and hypersensitivity to visceral stimulation in human
Kano, M., Hamaguchi, T., Itoh, M., Yanai, K., & Fukudo, S. (2007) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2007.01.032 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Drabant, E. M., Kuo, J. R., Ramel, W., Jens Blechert, A., Edge, M. D., Cooper, J. R., Goldin, P. R., Hariri, A. R., & Gross, J. J. (2010) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.11.040 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Visceral sensory neuroscience interoception
Cameron, O. G. (2002) · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Quality of Life in the Anxiety Disorders
Mogotsi, M., Kaminer, D., & Stein, D. J. (2000) · Harvard Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/hrp.8.6.273 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Information-processing deficits and cognitive dysfunction in panic disorder
Ludewig, S., Geyer, M. A., Ramseier, M., Vollenweider, F. X., Rechsteiner, E., & Cattapan-Ludewig, K. (2005) · Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience · doi:10.1139/jpn.0506 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Simmons, A. N., Stein, M. B., Strigo, I. A., Arce, E., Hitchcock, C. A., & Paulus, M. P. (2010) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.21154 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Heartbeat perception in social anxiety before and during speech anticipation
Stevens, S., Gerlach, A. L., Cludius, B., Silkens, A., Craske, M. G., & Hermann, C. (2011) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2010.11.009 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Anterior insula reactivity during certain decisions is associated with neuroticism
Feinstein, J. S., Stein, M. B., & Paulus, M. P. (2006) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsl016 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Cameron, O. G. (2001) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780195136012.001.0001 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Anxiety sensitivity and the five-factor model of personality
Cox, B. J., Borger, S. C., Taylor, S., Fuentes, K., & Ross, L. M. (1999) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(98)00174-0 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
A CRITIQUE OF DETERMINANTS OF EMOTIONAL STATE BY SCHACHTER AND SINGER (1962)
Plutchik, R., & Ax, A. F. (1967) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1967.tb02740.x · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Anticipation of interoceptive threat in highly anxiety sensitive persons
Melzig, C. A., Michałowski, J. M., Holtz, K., & Hamm, A. O. (2008) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2008.07.002 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Interoceptive Sensitivity Modulates Anxiety During Public Speaking
Werner, N. S., Duschek, S., Mattern, M., & Schandry, R. (2009) · Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1027/0269-8803.23.2.85 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Iaria, G., Committeri, G., Pastorelli, C., Pizzamiglio, L., Watkins, K. E., & Carota, A. (2008) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.20393 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Giménez, M., Pujol, J., Ortiz, H., Soriano‐Mas, C., López‐Solà, M., Farré, M., Deus, J., Merlo‐Pich, E., & Martín‐Santos, R. (2012) · Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2011.10.008 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Neural correlates of anxiety sensitivity during masked presentation of affective faces
Killgore, W. D. S., Britton, J. C., Price, L. M., Gold, A. L., Deckersbach, T., & Rauch, S. L. (2011) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.20788 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 68 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Interoceptive predictions in the brain
Barrett, L. F., & Simmons, W. K. (2015) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn3950 · Cited by 1,766 · see citing works
Knowing your own heart: Distinguishing interoceptive accuracy from interoceptive awareness
Garfinkel, S. N., Seth, A. K., Barrett, A. B., Suzuki, K., & Critchley, H. D. (2015) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2014.11.004 · Cited by 1,624 · see citing works
Discrepancies between dimensions of interoception in autism: implications for emotion and anxiety
Garfinkel, S. N., Tiley, C., O'Keeffe, S., Harrison, N. A., Seth, A. K., & Critchley, H. D. (2016) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2015.12.003 · Cited by 512 · see citing works
The insula: an underestimated brain area in clinical neuroscience, psychiatry, and neurology
Namkung, H., Kim, S.-H., & Sawa, A. (2017) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2017.02.002 · Cited by 462 · see citing works
Harshaw, C. (2015) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0038101 · Cited by 302 · see citing works
Mindfulness, Interoception, and the Body: A Contemporary Perspective
Gibson, J. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02012 · Cited by 278 · see citing works
Frontostriatal salience network expansion in individuals in depression
Lynch, C. J., Elbau, I., Ng, T. H. B., Ayaz, A., Zhu, S., Wolk, D., Manfredi, N., Johnson, M. A., Chang, M., Chou, J., et al. (2024) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-024-07805-2 · Cited by 311 · see citing works
Intuitive eating is associated with interoceptive sensitivity. Effects on body mass index
Herbert, B. M., Blechert, J., Hautzinger, M., Matthias, E., & Herbert, C. (2013) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2013.06.082 · Cited by 220 · see citing works
Atypical interoception as a common risk factor for psychopathology: A review
Brewer, R., Murphy, J., & Bird, G. (2021) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.07.036 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Interoceptive sensitivity predicts sensitivity to the emotions of others
Terasawa, Y., Moriguchi, Y., Tochizawa, S., & Umeda, S. (2014) · Cognition and Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699931.2014.888988 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Self-citationCanales-Johnson, A., Silva, C., Huepe, D., Rivera-Rei, Á., Noreika, V., Garcia, M. D. C., Silva, W., Ciraolo, C., Vaucheret, E., Sedeño, L., et al. (2015) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhv076 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Functions of the anterior insula in taste, autonomic, and related functions
Rolls, E. T. (2015) · Brain and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2015.07.002 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
van Dyck, Z., Vögele, C., Blechert, J., Lutz, A. P. C., Schulz, A., & Herbert, B. M. (2016) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0163574 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Oxytocin׳s role in anxiety: A critical appraisal
MacDonald, K., & Feifel, D. (2014) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2014.01.025 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Schaefer, M., Egloff, B., Gerlach, A. L., & Witthöft, M. (2014) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2014.05.012 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Affective traits link to reliable neural markers of incentive anticipation
Wu, C. C., Samanez-Larkin, G. R., Katovich, K., & Knutson, B. (2014) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.08.055 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
GABA in the insula — a predictor of the neural response to interoceptive awareness
Wiebking, C., Duncan, N. W., Tiret, B., Hayes, D. J., Marjańska, M., Doyon, J., Bajbouj, M., & Northoff, G. (2013) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.04.042 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Longarzo, M., D’Olimpio, F., Chiavazzo, A., Santangelo, G., Trojano, L., & Grossi, D. (2015) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01149 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Mindfulness-based training attenuates insula response to an aversive interoceptive challenge.
Haase, L., Thom, N. J., Shukla, A., Davenport, P. W., Simmons, A. N., Stanley, E. A., Paulus, M. P., & Johnson, D. C. (2016) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsu042 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
“Activation in the anterior insula is associated with interoceptive awareness and level of anxiety, such that the level of attention to interoceptive body states was associated with increased levels of anxiety (Terasawa et al., 2013).”
BackgroundBetter living through understanding the insula: Why subregions can make all the difference
Centanni, S. W., Janes, A. C., Haggerty, D. L., Atwood, B. K., & Hopf, F. W. (2021) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108765 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Stern, E. R., Grimaldi, S. J., Muratore, A. F., Murrough, J., Leibu, E., Fleysher, L., Goodman, W. K., & Burdick, K. E. (2017) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.23811 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
The roles of interoceptive sensitivity and metacognitive interoception in panic
Yoris, A., Esteves, S., Couto, B., Melloni, M., Kichic, R., Cetkovich, M., Favaloro, R., Moser, J., Manes, F., Ibanez, A., et al. (2015) · Behavioral and Brain Functions · doi:10.1186/s12993-015-0058-8 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Michal, M., Reuchlein, B., Adler, J., Reiner, I., Beutel, M. E., Vögele, C., Schächinger, H., & Schulz, A. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0089823 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
MallorquÃ-Bagué, N., Garfinkel, S. N., Engels, M., Eccles, J. A., Pailhez, G., Bulbena, A., & Critchley, H. D. (2014) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01162 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Heartfelt imitation: high interoceptive awareness is linked to greater automatic imitation
Ainley, V., Brass, M., & Tsakiris, M. (2014) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2014.05.010 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Wiebking, C., de Greck, M., Duncan, N. W., Tempelmann, C., Bajbouj, M., & Northoff, G. (2015) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00082 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Heart evoked potential triggers brain responses to natural affective scenes: A preliminary study
Couto, B., Adolfi, F., Velasquez, M., Mesow, M., Feinstein, J., Canales-Johnson, A., Mikulan, E., Martínez-Pernía, D., Bekinschtein, T., Sigman, M., et al. (2015) · Autonomic Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.autneu.2015.06.006 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Health anxiety – An indicator of higher interoceptive sensitivity?
Krautwurst, S., Gerlach, A. L., Gomille, L. K., Hiller, W., & Witthöft, M. (2014) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2014.02.001 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Closing the gap between the inside and the outside: interoceptive sensitivity and social distances
Ferri, F., Ardizzi, M., Ambrosecchia, M., & Gallese, V. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0075758 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Attenuated sensitivity to the emotions of others by insular lesion
Terasawa, Y., Kurosaki, Y., Ibata, Y., Moriguchi, Y., & Umeda, S. (2015) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01314 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Self-citationEffects of interoceptive training on decision making, anxiety, and somatic symptoms
Sugawara, A., Terasawa, Y., Katsunuma, R., & Sekiguchi, A. (2020) · BioPsychoSocial Medicine · doi:10.1186/s13030-020-00179-7 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Self-citationTian, X. S., Wei, D., Du, X., Wang, K., Yang, J., Liu, W., Meng, J., Liu, H., Liu, G., & Qiu, J. (2016) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.03.024 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Young, H. A., Williams, C., Pink, A. E., Freegard, G., Owens, A. L., & Benton, D. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0186312 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Interoceptive Mechanisms and Emotional Processing
Greenwood, B. M., & Garfinkel, S. N. (2024) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-020924-125202 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Examination of interoception along the suicidality continuum
Rogers, M. L., Hagan, C. R., & Joiner, T. E. (2018) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.22564 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Interoceptive sensitivity, body weight and eating behavior in children: a prospective study
Koch, A., & Pollatos, O. (2014) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01003 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Integrative Proposals of Sports Monitoring: Subjective Outperforms Objective Monitoring
Montull, L., Slapšinskaitė, A., Kiely, J., Hristovski, R., & Balagué, N. (2022) · Sports Medicine - Open · doi:10.1186/s40798-022-00432-z · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Tan, Y., Wei, D., Zhang, M., Yang, J., Jelinčić, V., & Qiu, J. (2018) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-018-35635-6 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Monti, A., Porciello, G., Panasiti, M. S., & Aglioti, S. M. (2021) · Psychological Research · doi:10.1007/s00426-021-01477-7 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Makovac, E., Watson, D. R., Meeten, F., Garfinkel, S. N., Cercignani, M., Critchley, H., & Ottaviani, C. (2016) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsw091 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Löffler, A., Foell, J., & Bekrater‐Bodmann, R. (2018) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-018-0890-2 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Pain and emotion as predictive factors of interoception in fibromyalgia
Borg, C., Chouchou, F., Dayot-Gorlero, J., Zimmermann, P., Maudoux, D., Laurent, B., & Michael, G. (2018) · Journal of Pain Research · doi:10.2147/jpr.s152012 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Cerritelli, F., Chiacchiaretta, P., Gambi, F., & Ferretti, A. (2017) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2017.00368 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Afferent cardiac signals modulate attentional engagement to low spatial frequency fearful faces
Azevedo, R. T., Badoud, D., & Manos Tsakiris, A. (2017) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2017.06.016 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Role of the anterior agranular insular cortex in the modulation of fear and anxiety.
Shi, T., Feng, S., Wei, M., & Zhou, W. (2019) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2019.12.003 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Increasing Our Insular World View: interoception and Psychopathology for Psychotherapists.
Duquette, P. (2017) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2017.00135 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Yoon, H., Seo, E. H., Kim, J., & Choo, I. H. (2019) · Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neuroscience · doi:10.9758/cpn.2019.17.1.12 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Gaggioli, A., Ferscha, A., Riva, G., Dunne, S., & Viaud‐Delmon, I. (2015) · doi:10.1515/9783110471137 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Heitzeg, M. M., Cope, L. M., Martz, M. E., Hardee, J. E., & Zucker, R. A. (2015) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2015.09.003 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Anterior insular cortex stimulation and its effects on emotion recognition
Motomura, K., Terasawa, Y., Natsume, A., Iijima, K., Chalise, L., Sugiura, J., Yamamoto, H., Koyama, K., Wakabayashi, T., & Umeda, S. (2019) · Brain Structure and Function · doi:10.1007/s00429-019-01895-9 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Self-citationStoliker, D., Novelli, L., Vollenweider, F. X., Egan, G. F., Preller, K. H., & Razi, A. (2024) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2024.01.002 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
A review of analgesic and emotive breathing: a multidisciplinary approach
Bordoni, B., Marelli, F., & Bordoni, G. (2016) · Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare · doi:10.2147/jmdh.s101208 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Zhao, D., Wang, D., Wang, W., Dai, J., Cui, M., Wu, M., Liu, C., Liu, J., Meng, F., Wang, K., et al. (2022) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105890 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
The relationship between social anxiety and heartbeat evoked potential amplitude
Judah, M. R., Shurkova, E. Y., Hager, N., White, E. J., Taylor, D. L., & Grant, D. M. (2018) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2018.09.013 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Emotions in motion: myofascial Interoception
Bordoni, B., & Marelli, F. (2017) · Complementary Medicine Research · doi:10.1159/000464149 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Interoception, eating behaviour and body weight
Robinson, E., Marty, L., Higgs, S., & Jones, A. (2021) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113434 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Wiebking, C., & Northoff, G. (2015) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00589 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Transcranial direct current stimulation enhances soothing positive affect and vagal tone
Petrocchi, N., Piccirillo, G., Fiorucci, C., Moscucci, F., Iorio, C. D., Mastropietri, F., Parrotta, I., Pascucci, M., Magrì, D., & Ottaviani, C. (2017) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.01.028 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Mash, L. E., Schauder, K. B., Cochran, C., Park, S., & Cascio, C. J. (2017) · Journal of Cognitive Education and Psychology · doi:10.1891/1945-8959.16.1.23 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Schäflein, E., Sattel, H. C., Pollatos, O., & Sack, M. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00897 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Preston, C., & Ehrsson, H. H. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0199426 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Bonenberger, M., Plener, P. L., Groschwitz, R. C., Grön, G., & Abler, B. (2015) · Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2015.10.013 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Neural Circuitry of Interoception: New Insights into Anxiety and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders
Stern, E. R. (2014) · Current Treatment Options in Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s40501-014-0019-0 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Ramos-Prats, A., Paradiso, E., Castaldi, F., Sadeghi, M., Mir, M. Y., Hörtnagl, H., Göbel, G., & Ferraguti, F. (2022) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110893 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Rotgé, J., Cocker, P. J., Daniel, M.-L., Belin‐Rauscent, A., Everitt, B. J., & Belin, D. (2017) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-017-4593-x · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Jones, S. A., De Marco, M., Manca, R., Bell, S. M., Blackburn, D. J., Wilkinson, I. D., Soininen, H., & Venneri, A. (2019) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2019.04.008 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Structural brain abnormalities in postural tachycardia syndrome: A VBM-DARTEL study
Umeda, S., Harrison, N. A., Gray, M. A., Mathias, C. J., & Critchley, H. (2015) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2015.00034 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Self-citationFunctional (psychogenic non-epileptic/dissociative) seizures: why and how?
Ertan, D., Aybek, S., LaFrance, W. C., Jr., Kanemoto, K., Tarrada, A., Maillard, L. G., El‐Hage, W., & Hingray, C. (2021) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp-2021-326708 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Shao, X., Shen, Z., Sun, J., Fang, F., Fang, J., Wu, Y., & Fang, J. (2015) · Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine · doi:10.1155/2015/235491 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
van der Molen, M. J. W., Harrewijn, A., & Westenberg, P. M. (2018) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2018.02.016 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Interoceptive Abilities in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases and Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Fournier, A., Mondillon, L., Luminet, O., Canini, F., Mathieu, N., Gauchez, A. S., Dantzer, C., Bonaz, B. L., & Sonia Pellissier, A. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00229 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Cannabinoids, interoception, and anxiety
Andrade, A. K., Renda, B., & Murray, J. E. (2019) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2019.03.006 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Dissociation between Emotional Remapping of Fear and Disgust in Alexithymia
Scarpazza, C., Làdavas, E., & di Pellegrino, G. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0140229 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Friedel, S., Whittle, S. L., Vijayakumar, N., Simmons, J. G., Byrne, M. L., Schwartz, O. S., & Allen, N. B. (2015) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2015.07.001 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Altered functional connectivity of interoception in illness anxiety disorder
Grossi, D., Longarzo, M., Quarantelli, M., Salvatore, E., Cavaliere, C., Luca, P. D., Trojano, L., & Aiello, M. (2016) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2016.10.018 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
BNST-insula structural connectivity in humans
Flook, E. A., Feola, B., Avery, S. N., Winder, D. G., Woodward, N. D., Heckers, S., & Blackford, J. U. (2020) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116555 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Failla, M. D., Bryant, L. K., Heflin, B. H., Mash, L. E., Schauder, K. B., Davis, S., Gerdes, M. B., Weitlauf, A. S., Rogers, B. P., & Cascio, C. J. (2020) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.2289 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Hernández-Ortiz, E., Luis-Islas, J., Tecuapetla, F., Gutiérrez, R., & Bermúdez‐Rattoni, F. (2023) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113365 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Interoception and emotion: Shared mechanisms and clinical implications
Quadt, L., Critchley, H., & Garfinkel, S. N. (2018) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198811930.003.0007 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Yoon, H.-J., Kim, J. S., Shin, Y.-B., Choi, S.-H., Lee, S.-K., & Kim, J.-J. (2016) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2016.05.068 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Improving interoceptive ability through the practice of power posing: A pilot study
Weineck, F., Messner, M., Hauke, G., & Pollatos, O. (2019) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0211453 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Lai, T. T., Gericke, B., Feja, M., Conoscenti, M. A., Zelikowsky, M., & Richter, F. (2023) · npj Parkinson s Disease · doi:10.1038/s41531-023-00547-4 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Probing the interoceptive network by listening to heartbeats: an fMRI study
Kleint, N. I., Wittchen, H.-U., & Lueken, U. (2015) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0133164 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Eccles, J., Garfinkel, S. N., Harrison, N. A., Ward, J., Taylor, R. E., Bewley, A., & Critchley, H. (2015) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.08.006 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Role of the anterior insular cortex in restraint-stress induced fear behaviors
Park, S., Cho, J., & Huh, Y. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-10345-2 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Wu, X., Shi, L., Wei, D., & Qiu, J. (2018) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.24488 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Interoception is associated with anxiety and depression in pregnant women: A pilot study
Noda, M., Sato, Y., Suetsugu, Y., & Morokuma, S. (2022) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0267507 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Insula neuroanatomical networks predict interoceptive awareness
Fermin, A. S. R., Sasaoka, T., Maekawa, T., Chan, H.-L., Machizawa, M. G., Okada, G., Okamoto, Y., & Yamawaki, S. (2023) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18307 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Yoshino, A., Okamoto, Y., Yoshimura, S., Shishida, K., Toki, S., Doi, M., Machino, A., Fukumoto, T., Yamashita, H., & Yamawaki, S. (2013) · NeuroImage Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2013.06.001 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Anorexia nervosa as a disorder of the subcortical–cortical interoceptive-self
Angeletti, L. L., Innocenti, M., Felciai, F., Ruggeri, E., Cassioli, E., Rossi, E., Rotella, F., Castellini, G., Stanghellini, G., Ricca, V., et al. (2022) · Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia Bulimia and Obesity · doi:10.1007/s40519-022-01510-7 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Interoceptive training impacts the neural circuit of the anterior insula cortex
Sugawara, A., Katsunuma, R., Terasawa, Y., & Sekiguchi, A. (2024) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-024-02933-9 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Self-citationNeural and cortisol responses during play with human and computer partners in children with autism
Edmiston, E. K., Merkle, K. L., & Corbett, B. A. (2014) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsu159 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
The anterior insular cortex processes social recognition memory
Min, J.-Y., Park, S., Cho, J., & Huh, Y. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-38044-6 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Neuroanatomical substrates for the volitional regulation of heart rate
Jones, C. L., Minati, L., Nagai, Y., Medford, N., Harrison, N. A., Gray, M. A., Ward, J., & Critchley, H. (2015) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00300 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Lyyra, P., & Parviainen, T. M. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01026 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Boukarras, S., Placidi, V., Rossano, F., Era, V., Aglioti, S. M., & Candidi, M. (2025) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/psyp.70031 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“Studies indicate that socially anxious individuals pay more attention to their internal bodily sensations, resulting in enhanced interoceptive sensibility (Terasawa et al. 2013) and accuracy (Stevens et al. 2011; see Garfinkel et al. 2015, for the distinction between facets of interoception).”
Changes in emotional processing following interoceptive network stimulation with rTMS
Mai, S., Braun, J., Probst, V., Kammer, T., & Pollatos, O. (2019) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.03.014 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Rivera-Bonet, C. N., Hermann, B. P., Cook, C. J., Hwang, G., Dabbs, K., Nair, V. A., Forseth, C., Mathis, J. R., Allen, L., Almane, D. N., et al. (2019) · Epilepsy & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2019.07.025 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Liu, Z., Hu, Y., Zhang, Y., Liu, W., Zhang, L., Wang, Y., Yang, H., Wu, J., Cheng, W., & Yang, Z. (2020) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291720000495 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Intrinsic functional brain connectivity patterns underlying enhanced interoceptive sensibility.
Wang, X.-Q., Tan, Y., den Bergh, O. V., von Leupoldt, A., & Qiu, J. (2020) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2020.07.032 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
- Authors
- Terasawa, Y., Shibata, M., Moriguchi, Y., & Umeda, S.
- Affiliations
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JP)
- Keio University (JP)
- Venue
- Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2012-09-13
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 259-266
- ISSN
- 1749-5016 (ISSN-L)
- 1749-5024
- PMC
- PMC3594729
- OpenAlex
- W2097538354
- Cited by
- 224
- References
- 68
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 35 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 6
- FWCI
- 10.28
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc
- Locations
- Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Keio University
- Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (23330201, 23700318, 24120518, 21330168, 24330210, 23390192)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- anterior insula, interoceptive awareness, interoceptive accuracy, social anxiety, social fear, personality traits, neuroticism, agreeableness, extraversion, affective dispositions, mediation analysis
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Analysis of Variance, Anxiety, Awareness, Brain Mapping, Cerebral Cortex, Female, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Oxygen, Surveys and Questionnaires, Reaction Time, Sensation, Social Behavior, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review