Capturing dynamics of biased attention: are new attention variability measures the way forward
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: New indices, calculated on data from the widely used Dot Probe Task, were recently proposed to capture variability in biased attention allocation. We observed that it remains unclear which data pattern is meant to be indicative of dynamic bias and thus to be captured by these indices. Moreover, we hypothesized that the new indices are sensitive to SD differences at the response time (RT) level in the absence of bias. METHOD: Randomly generated datasets were analyzed to assess properties of the Attention Bias Variability (ABV) and Trial Level Bias Score (TL-BS) indices. Sensitivity to creating differences in 1) RT standard deviation, 2) mean RT, and 3) bias magnitude were assessed. In addition, two possible definitions of dynamic attention bias were explored by creating differences in 4) frequency of bias switching, and 5) bias magnitude in the presence of constant switching. RESULTS: ABV and TL-BS indices were found highly sensitive to increasing SD at the response time level, insensitive to increasing bias, linearly sensitive to increasing bias magnitude in the presence of bias switches, and non-linearly sensitive to increasing the frequency of bias switches. The ABV index was also found responsive to increasing mean response times in the absence of bias. CONCLUSION: Recently proposed DPT derived variability indices cannot uncouple measurement error from bias variability. Significant group differences may be observed even if there is no bias present in any individual dataset. This renders the new indices in their current form unfit for empirical purposes. Our discussion focuses on fostering debate and ideas for new research to validate the potentially very important notion of biased attention being dynamic.
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The limited reliability of AB indices derived from manual response times may reflect measurement problems and the variability of anxiety-related ABs.
“One research challenge is the limited reliability of AB indices derived from manual response times, which may reflect measurement problems and the variability of anxiety-related ABs, as discussed earlier [19,56-58,98].”
From Anxiety and Threat-Related Attention: Cognitive-Motivational Framework and Treatment (2018) · cites this paper as [98]
AB indices derived from manual response times have limited reliability.
“One research challenge is the limited reliability of AB indices derived from manual response times, which may reflect measurement problems and the variability of anxiety-related ABs, as discussed earlier [19,56-58,98].”
From Anxiety and Threat-Related Attention: Cognitive-Motivational Framework and Treatment (2018) · cites this paper as [98]
AB assessment methods include visual probe, spatial cueing, modified Stroop, flanker, and visual search tasks.
“AB assessment methods include visual probe, spatial cueing, modified Stroop, flanker, and visual search tasks [6,7,12,19,35,53-55,86,98-100].”
From Anxiety and Threat-Related Attention: Cognitive-Motivational Framework and Treatment (2018) · cites this paper as [98]
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- Authors
- Kruijt, A.-W., Field, A. P., & Fox, E.
- Affiliations
- University of Oxford (GB)
- University of Sussex (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Kruijt, Anne-Wil
- Venue
- PLoS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2016-11-22
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- e0166600
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5119769
- OpenAlex
- W2553568258
- Cited by
- 91
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2025: 3 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 5
- FWCI
- 18.93
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Sussex Research Online (University of Sussex) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- European Research Council (324176)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Keywords
- dot-probe task, reaction time variability, measurement error
- MeSH terms
- Attentional Bias, Computer Simulation, Humans, Models, Biological
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