Cited by 77Mindfulness and Compassion InterventionsCognitive Abilities and TestingCognitive Functions and Memory

A yoga program for cognitive enhancement

Open access
Brunner, Devon, Abramovitch, Amitai, Etherton, Joseph·2017·PLoS ONE

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Recent studies suggest that yoga practice may improve cognitive functioning. Although preliminary data indicate that yoga improves working memory (WM), high-resolution information about the type of WM subconstructs, namely maintenance and manipulation, is not available. Furthermore, the association between cognitive enhancement and improved mindfulness as a result of yoga practice requires empirical examination. The aim of the present study is to assess the impact of a brief yoga program on WM maintenance, WM manipulation and attentive mindfulness. METHODS: Measures of WM (Digit Span Forward, Backward, and Sequencing, and Letter-Number Sequencing) were administered prior to and following 6 sessions of yoga (N = 43). Additionally, the Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale was administered to examine the potential impact of yoga practice on mindfulness, as well as the relationships among changes in WM and mindfulness. RESULTS: Analyses revealed significant improvement from pre- to post- training assessment on both maintenance WM (Digit Span Forward) and manipulation WM (Digit Span Backward and Letter-Number Sequencing). No change was found on Digit Span Sequencing. Improvement was also found on mindfulness scores. However, no correlation was observed between mindfulness and WM measures. CONCLUSIONS: A 6-session yoga program was associated with improvement on manipulation and maintenance WM measures as well as enhanced mindfulness scores. Additional research is needed to understand the extent of yoga-related cognitive enhancement and mechanisms by which yoga may enhance cognition, ideally by utilizing randomized controlled trials and more comprehensive neuropsychological batteries.

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  • Digit Span is a well validated assessment with established norms and has been shown to be sensitive to change in a study using a yoga intervention.

    “Digit Span is a well validated assessment with established norms and has been shown to be sensitive to change in a study using a yoga intervention [46].”

    From A randomized controlled trial of yoga vs nonaerobic exercise for veterans with PTSD: Understanding efficacy, mechanisms of change, and mode of delivery (2021) · cites this paper as [46]

    The Results (Preliminary moderator analyses; page unavailable) report significant improvement in Digit Span Forward, Backward, and Total scores after the yoga program, supporting sensitivity to change in that study. The Measures section describes Forward and Backward as having very good psychometric properties, but notes weaknesses in Sequencing; our copy does not establish norms for Digit Span. (LLM, conf=0.84)

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Research works printed but not linked: 2

  1. [10]Subramanya P, Telles S. Effect of two yoga-based relaxation techniques on memory scores and state anxiety. BioPsychoSocial Medicine. 2009; 3(1): 8. 19674483 PMC2734564
  2. [39]Wechsler D, Coalson DL, Raiford SE. WAIS-IV: Wechsler adult intelligence scale: Pearson San Antonio, TX; 2008.

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Authors
Brunner, D., Abramovitch, A., & Etherton, J.
Affiliations
Texas State University (US)
Corresponding author
Brunner, Devon
Venue
PLoS ONE
Published
2017-08-04
Volume
12
Issue
8
Pages
e0182366
ISSN
1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2744169927
Cited by
77
References
54
Citations by year
2026: 5 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 4 · 2017: 2
FWCI
4.74
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
Texas State University
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Functions and Memory
Keywords
yoga, cognitive enhancement, working memory, working memory maintenance, mindful attention, mindfulness, digit span, letter-number sequencing
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Attention, Cognition, Female, Humans, Male, Memory, Short-Term, Middle Aged, Yoga, Young Adult, Self Report, Mindfulness

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