The effects of an 8-week Hatha yoga intervention on executive function in older adults
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Few scientific studies have examined movement-based embodied contemplative practices such as yoga and their effects on cognition. The purpose of this randomized controlled trial was to examine the effects of an 8-week Hatha yoga intervention on executive function measures of task switching and working memory capacity. METHODS: Community-dwelling older adults (N = 118; mean age = 62.0) were randomized to one of two groups: a Hatha yoga intervention or a stretching-strengthening control. Both groups participated in hour-long exercise classes 3×/week over the 8-week study period. All participants completed established tests of executive function including the task switching paradigm, n-back and running memory span at baseline and follow-up. RESULTS: Analysis of covariances showed significantly shorter reaction times on the mixed and repeat task switching trials (partial η(2) = .04, p < .05) for the Hatha yoga group. Higher accuracy was recorded on the single trials (partial η(2) = .05, p < .05), the 2-back condition of the n-back (partial η(2) = .08, p < .001), and partial recall scores (partial η(2) = .06, p < .01) of running span task. CONCLUSIONS: Following 8 weeks of yoga practice, participants in the yoga intervention group showed significantly improved performance on the executive function measures of working memory capacity and efficiency of mental set shifting and flexibility compared with their stretching-strengthening counterparts. Although the underlying mechanisms need to be investigated, these results demand larger systematic trials to thoroughly examine effects of yoga on executive function as well as across other domains of cognition, and its potential to maintain or improve cognitive functioning in the aging process.
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This type of exercise program was previously shown to be less effective at improving cognition than Hatha yoga in community-dwelling samples of older adults.
“but less effective at improving cognition [72] in community-dwelling samples of older adults”
From A randomized controlled trial of yoga vs nonaerobic exercise for veterans with PTSD: Understanding efficacy, mechanisms of change, and mode of delivery (2021) · cites this paper as [72]
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“functional fitness [71] but less effective at improving cognition [72] in community-dwelling samples of older adults.”
BackgroundA systematic review with meta-analysis of Yoga's contributions to neuropsychiatric aspects of aging
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- Authors
- Gothe, N. P., Kramer, A. F., & McAuley, E.
- Affiliations
- Wayne State University (US)
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (US)
- Venue
- The Journals of Gerontology Series A
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2014-07-14
- Volume
- 69
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 1109-1116
- ISSN
- 1079-5006 (ISSN-L)
- 1758-535X
- PMC
- PMC4202261
- OpenAlex
- W2155902905
- Cited by
- 149
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 12
- FWCI
- 13.81
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The Journals of Gerontology Series A (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute on Aging (2R01 AG20118, R01AG020118)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Functions and Memory
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Keywords
- hatha yoga, executive function, older adults, task switching, working memory capacity, cognitive aging, yoga intervention, N-back, mental set shifting, community-dwelling older adults
- MeSH terms
- Cognition, Female, Humans, Male, Memory, Short-Term, Middle Aged, Reaction Time, Yoga, Executive Function
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