A latent variable analysis of working memory capacity, short-term memory capacity, processing speed, and general fluid intelligence
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The Automated Operation Span task is highly correlated with other measures of working memory.
“This task is highly correlated with other measures of working memory [33,42].”
From Dual N-back working memory training in healthy adults: A randomized comparison to processing speed training. (2016) · cites this paper as [33]
Only weak associations have been found between processing speed and either fluid intelligence or working memory.
“only weak associations have been found between processing speed and either fluid intelligence or working memory [33]”
From Dual N-back working memory training in healthy adults: A randomized comparison to processing speed training. (2016) · cites this paper as [33]
Cites
(1998) · Cited by 36,049 · see citing works
A feature-integration theory of attention.
Treisman, A. M., & Gelade, G. (1980) · Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1016/0010-0285(80)90005-5 · Cited by 12,366 · see citing works
Baddeley, A. D., & Hitch, G. (1974) · Psychology of Learning and Motivation · doi:10.1016/s0079-7421(08)60452-1 · Cited by 9,860 · see citing works
The attention system of the human brain
Posner, M. I., & Petersen, S. E. (1990) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.ne.13.030190.000325 · Cited by 8,070 · cited 2× · see citing works
“The demand for controlled attention is thought to be satisfied by the central executive, which they argue to be equivalent to what Norman and Shallice (1986) refer to as the supervisory attentional system and related to what Posner and Peterson (1990) refer to as the anterior attentional system.”
BackgroundIndividual differences in working memory and reading
Daneman, M., & Carpenter, P. A. (1980) · Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0022-5371(80)90312-6 · Cited by 6,336 · see citing works
The processing-speed theory of adult age differences in cognition
Salthouse, T. A. (1996) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.103.3.403 · Cited by 5,568 · cited 6× · see citing works
“There is evidence to suggest that processing speed may be an important factor underlying developmental differences in cognitive ability in childhood (Fry & Hale, 1996) and in aging (Salthouse, 1996).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialAttention to Action: Willed and Automatic Control of Behavior
Norman, D. A., & Shallice, T. (1986) · Consciousness and Self-Regulation · doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-0629-1_1 · Cited by 4,455 · see citing works
(1998) · Cited by 4,172 · see citing works
Ericsson, K. A., & Kintsch, W. (1995) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.102.2.211 · Cited by 3,498 · see citing works
Human cognitive abilities a survey of factor-analytic studies
Carroll, J. B. (2004) · Cited by 3,396 · see citing works
Working memory, short-term memory, and general fluid intelligence: A latent-variable approach.
Engle, R. W., Tuholski, S. W., Laughlin, J. E., & Conway, A. R. A. (1999) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: General · doi:10.1037/0096-3445.128.3.309 · Cited by 3,078 · see citing works
Self-citationIntelligence: Knowns and unknowns.
Neisser, U., Boodoo, G., Bouchard, T. J., Boykin, A. W., Brody, N., Ceci, S. J., Halpern, D. F., Loehlin, J. C., Perloff, R., Sternberg, R. J., et al. (1996) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.51.2.77 · Cited by 2,913 · see citing works
The g factor: the science of mental ability
(1998) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.36-2443 · Cited by 2,760 · see citing works
Theory of fluid and crystallized intelligence: A critical experiment.
Cattell, R. B. (1963) · Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0046743 · Cited by 2,556 · see citing works
Models of Working Memory: Mechanisms of Active Maintenance and Executive Control
Miyake, A., & Shah, P. (1999) · Cited by 2,404 · see citing works
Is working memory capacity task dependent?
Turner, M. L., & Engle, R. W. (1989) · Journal of Memory and Language · doi:10.1016/0749-596x(89)90040-5 · Cited by 2,299 · see citing works
Reasoning ability is (little more than) working-memory capacity?!
Kyllonen, P. C., & Christal, R. E. (1990) · Intelligence · doi:10.1016/s0160-2896(05)80012-1 · Cited by 1,810 · see citing works
Attention and memory: an integrated framework
(1995) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.33-2415 · Cited by 1,652 · see citing works
Carpenter, P. A., Just, M. A., & Shell, P. (1990) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.97.3.404 · Cited by 1,648 · see citing works
Working memory and language comprehension: A meta-analysis
Daneman, M., & Merikle, P. M. (1996) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/bf03214546 · Cited by 1,432 · see citing works
Human cognitive abilities: A survey of factor-analytic studies
Eysenck, H. J. (1994) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/0191-8869(94)90126-0 · Cited by 1,392 · see citing works
Engle, R. W., Kane, M. J., & Tuholski, S. W. (1999) · Models of Working Memory · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139174909.007 · Cited by 1,195 · see citing works
Guthrie, E. R. (1935) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1,186 · see citing works
Operational efficiency and the growth of short-term memory span
Case, R., Kurland, D. M., & Goldberg, J. S. (1982) · Journal of Experimental Child Psychology · doi:10.1016/0022-0965(82)90054-6 · Cited by 1,182 · see citing works
Consciousness and self-regulation : advances in research and theory
SCHWARTZ, G. E. R., Shapiro, D. L., & Davidson, R. J. (1976) · Plenum Press eBooks · Cited by 1,015 · see citing works
Shah, P., & Miyake, A. (1996) · Journal of Experimental Psychology General · doi:10.1037/0096-3445.125.1.4 · Cited by 913 · see citing works
Processing speed as a mental capacity
Kail, R., & Salthouse, T. A. (1994) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/0001-6918(94)90003-5 · Cited by 850 · see citing works
Processing Speed, Working Memory, and Fluid Intelligence: Evidence for a Developmental Cascade
Fry, A. F., & Hale, S. (1996) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.1996.tb00366.x · Cited by 776 · see citing works
Attention to Action: Willed and Automatic Control of Behavior.
Norman, D. A., & Shallice, T. (1980) · Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) · Cited by 775 · see citing works
Speed of Information-Processing and Intelligence:
Vernon, P. A. (1988) · Cited by 662 · see citing works
Individual differences in working memory and comprehension: A test of four hypotheses.
Engle, R. W., Cantor, J., & Carullo, J. J. (1992) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition · doi:10.1037/0278-7393.18.5.972 · Cited by 626 · see citing works
Individual differences in working memory and comprehension: A test of four hypotheses.
Engle, R. W., Cantor, J., & Carullo, J. J. (1992) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition · doi:10.1037//0278-7393.18.5.972 · Cited by 624 · see citing works
Simple and complex word spans as measures of working memory capacity.
la Pointe, L. B., & Engle, R. W. (1990) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition · doi:10.1037/0278-7393.16.6.1118 · Cited by 342 · see citing works
Individual differences in the verification of sentence—picture relationships
MacLeod, C. M., Hunt, E. B., & Mathews, N. N. (1978) · Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0022-5371(78)90293-1 · Cited by 282 · see citing works
Ericsson, K. A., & Delaney, P. F. (1999) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139174909.011 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
Two separate verbal processing rates contributing to short-term memory span.
Cowan, N., Wood, N. L., Wood, P. K., Keller, T. A., Nugent, L. D., & Keller, C. V. (1998) · Journal of Experimental Psychology General · doi:10.1037//0096-3445.127.2.141 · Cited by 212 · see citing works
Two separate verbal processing rates contributing to short-term memory span.
Cowan, N., Wood, N. L., Wood, P. K., et al. (1998) · Journal of Experimental Psychology General · doi:10.1037/0096-3445.127.2.141 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Self-citationIndividual differences in working memory capacity and enumeration
Tuholski, S. W., Engle, R. W., & Baylis, G. C. (2001) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/bf03196399 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Rogers, W. A., Hertzog, C. K., & Fisk, A. D. (2000) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition · doi:10.1037/0278-7393.26.2.359 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Is working memory capacity Spearman's g?
Kyllonen, P. C. (1996) · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Strategy choice and strategy training in sentence—picture verification
Mathews, N. N., Hunt, E. B., & MacLeod, C. M. (1980) · Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0022-5371(80)90595-2 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
A theory of intelligence: I. span and the complexity of stimulus control
Bachelder, B. L., & Denny, M. R. (1977) · Intelligence · doi:10.1016/0160-2896(77)90001-0 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Dennis, I. (2013) · Psychology Press eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203774007 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
A theory of intelligence: II. The role of span in a variety of intellectual tasks
Bachelder, B. L., & Denny, M. R. (1977) · Intelligence · doi:10.1016/0160-2896(77)90008-3 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Strategy Adaptiyity and Individual Differences
Schunn, C. D., & Reder, L. M. (1998) · The Psychology of learning and motivation/The psychology of learning and motivation · doi:10.1016/s0079-7421(08)60185-1 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
What is more explanatory, processing capacity or processing speed?
Cowan, N. (1998) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x98271767 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Working memory span tasks: A methodological review and user’s guide
Conway, A. R. A., Kane, M. J., Bunting, M. F., Hambrick, D. Z., Wilhelm, O., & Engle, R. W. (2005) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/bf03196772 · Cited by 2,882 · see citing works
Self-citationAn automated version of the operation span task
Unsworth, N., Heitz, R. P., Schrock, J. C., & Engle, R. W. (2005) · Behavior Research Methods · doi:10.3758/bf03192720 · Cited by 1,861 · see citing works
Kane, M. J., & Engle, R. W. (2003) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: General · doi:10.1037/0096-3445.132.1.47 · Cited by 1,725 · see citing works
Kane, M. J., Hambrick, D. Z., Tuholski, S. W., Wilhelm, O., Payne, T. W., & Engle, R. W. (2004) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: General · doi:10.1037/0096-3445.133.2.189 · Cited by 1,679 · see citing works
Kane, M. J., & Engle, R. W. (2002) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/bf03196323 · Cited by 2,229 · see citing works
An integrated process model of stereotype threat effects on performance
Schmader, T., Johns, M., & Forbes, C. (2008) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.115.2.336 · Cited by 1,576 · see citing works
Unsworth, N., & Engle, R. W. (2007) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.114.1.104 · Cited by 1,307 · see citing works
Phonological skills and their role in learning to read: A meta-analytic review.
Melby‐Lervåg, M., Lyster, S. H., & Hulme, C. (2012) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0026744 · Cited by 1,329 · see citing works
Investigating the predictive roles of working memory and IQ in academic attainment
Alloway, T. P., & Alloway, R. G. (2009) · Journal of Experimental Child Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jecp.2009.11.003 · Cited by 1,329 · see citing works
Working memory capacity and its relation to general intelligence
Conway, A. R. A., Kane, M. J., & Engle, R. W. (2003) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2003.10.005 · Cited by 1,223 · see citing works
Self-citationMiyake, A., Friedman, N. P., Rettinger, D. A., Shah, P., & Hegarty, M. (2001) · Journal of Experimental Psychology General · doi:10.1037//0096-3445.130.4.621 · Cited by 1,137 · see citing works
Miyake, A., Friedman, N. P., Rettinger, D. A., Shah, P., & Hegarty, M. (2001) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: General · doi:10.1037/0096-3445.130.4.621 · Cited by 1,139 · see citing works
Executive Attention, Working Memory Capacity, and a Two-Factor Theory of Cognitive Control
Engle, R. W., & Kane, M. J. (2003) · Psychology of Learning and Motivation · doi:10.1016/s0079-7421(03)44005-x · Cited by 1,104 · see citing works
Neural mechanisms of general fluid intelligence
Gray, J. R., Chabris, C. F., & Braver, T. S. (2003) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1014 · Cited by 1,080 · see citing works
Executive Functioning as a Potential Mediator of Age-Related Cognitive Decline in Normal Adults.
Salthouse, T. A., Atkinson, T. M., & Berish, D. E. (2003) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: General · doi:10.1037/0096-3445.132.4.566 · Cited by 1,057 · see citing works
Chapter 20 What are the differences between long-term, short-term, and working memory?
Cowan, N. (2008) · Progress in Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(07)00020-9 · Cited by 1,394 · see citing works
Working Memory and Intelligence: The Same or Different Constructs?
Ackerman, P. L., Beier, M. E., & Boyle, M. O. (2005) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.131.1.30 · Cited by 969 · see citing works
Intelligence: New findings and theoretical developments
Nisbett, R. E., Aronson, J., Blair, C., Dickens, W., Flynn, J., Halpern, D. F., & Turkheimer, E. (2012) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/a0026699 · Cited by 968 · see citing works
Verbal and Visuospatial Short-Term and Working Memory in Children: Are They Separable?
Alloway, T. P., Gathercole, S. E., & Pickering, S. J. (2006) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2006.00968.x · Cited by 938 · see citing works
Individual Differences in Working Memory Capacity and Dual-Process Theories of the Mind.
Barrett, L. F., Tugade, M. M., & Engle, R. W. (2004) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.130.4.553 · Cited by 913 · see citing works
The cocktail party phenomenon revisited: The importance of working memory capacity
Conway, A. R. A., Cowan, N., & Bunting, M. F. (2001) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/bf03196169 · Cited by 875 · see citing works
Self-citationOn the capacity of attention: Its estimation and its role in working memory and cognitive aptitudes
Cowan, N., Elliott, E. M., Scott Saults, J., Morey, C. C., Mattox, S., Hismjatullina, A., & Conway, A. R. A. (2005) · Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.cogpsych.2004.12.001 · Cited by 1,144 · see citing works
Self-citationExplaining the Many Varieties of Working Memory Variation: Dual Mechanisms of Cognitive Control
Braver, T. S., Gray, J. R., & Burgess, G. C. (2008) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195168648.003.0004 · Cited by 859 · see citing works
Cognitive predictors of achievement growth in mathematics: A 5-year longitudinal study.
Geary, D. C. (2011) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0025510 · Cited by 836 · see citing works
Developmental Dynamics of Math Performance From Preschool to Grade 2.
Aunola, K., Leskinen, E., Lerkkanen, M., & Nurmi, J. (2004) · Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0663.96.4.699 · Cited by 778 · see citing works
Global Connectivity of Prefrontal Cortex Predicts Cognitive Control and Intelligence
Cole, M. W., Yarkoni, T., Repovs, G., Anticevic, A., & Braver, T. S. (2012) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0536-12.2012 · Cited by 613 · see citing works
Swanson, H. L., & Beebe-Frankenberger, M. (2004) · Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0663.96.3.471 · Cited by 638 · see citing works
Working memory and second language comprehension and production: A meta-analysis
Linck, J. A., Osthus, P., Koeth, J. T., & Bunting, M. F. (2013) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/s13423-013-0565-2 · Cited by 647 · see citing works
Predicting academic achievement with cognitive ability
Rohde, T. E., & Thompson, L. A. (2006) · Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.intell.2006.05.004 · Cited by 625 · see citing works
Unsworth, N., & Engle, R. W. (2007) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.133.6.1038 · Cited by 597 · see citing works
A structural analysis of working memory and related cognitive skills in young children
Alloway, T. P., Gathercole, S. E., Willis, C., & Adams, A.-M. (2004) · Journal of Experimental Child Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jecp.2003.10.002 · Cited by 606 · see citing works
The origin of mind: Evolution of brain, cognition, and general intelligence.
Geary, D. C. (2005) · doi:10.1037/10871-000 · Cited by 551 · see citing works
Kane, M. J., Hambrick, D. Z., & Conway, A. R. A. (2005) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.131.1.66 · Cited by 545 · see citing works
Self-citationIncreasing Speed of Processing With Action Video Games
Dye, M. W. G., Green, C. S., & Bavelier, D. (2009) · Current Directions in Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8721.2009.01660.x · Cited by 521 · see citing works
Hofmann, W., Gschwendner, T., Friese, M., Wiers, R. W., & Schmitt, M. (2008) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0012705 · Cited by 524 · see citing works
Executive functioning in children, and its relations with reasoning, reading, and arithmetic
van der Sluis, S., de Jong, P. F., & van der Leij, A. (2006) · Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.intell.2006.09.001 · Cited by 513 · see citing works
Unsworth, N., Redick, T. S., Heitz, R. P., Broadway, J. M., & Engle, R. W. (2009) · Memory · doi:10.1080/09658210902998047 · Cited by 479 · see citing works
Blair, C. (2006) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x06009034 · Cited by 434 · see citing works
Working memory is (almost) perfectly predicted by g.
COLOM, R. (2004) · Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.intell.2003.12.002 · Cited by 436 · see citing works
Variation in Working Memory Capacity as Variation in Executive Attention and Control
Kane, M. J., Conway, A. R. A., Hambrick, D. Z., & Engle, R. W. (2008) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195168648.003.0002 · Cited by 438 · see citing works
Self-citationGeary, D. C., Hoard, M. K., Nugent, L. D., & Bailey, D. H. (2011) · Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0025398 · Cited by 439 · see citing works
Bayliss, D. M., Jarrold, C., Gunn, D. M., & Baddeley, A. D. (2003) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: General · doi:10.1037/0096-3445.132.1.71 · Cited by 427 · see citing works
Process Overlap Theory: A Unified Account of the General Factor of Intelligence
Kovacs, K., & Conway, A. R. A. (2016) · Psychological Inquiry · doi:10.1080/1047840x.2016.1153946 · Cited by 432 · see citing works
Self-citationDevelopment of Number Line Representations in Children With Mathematical Learning Disability
Geary, D. C., Hoard, M. K., Nugent, L. D., & Byrd‐Craven, J. (2008) · Developmental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/87565640801982361 · Cited by 412 · see citing works
Lee, C. S., & Therriault, D. J. (2013) · Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.intell.2013.04.008 · Cited by 402 · see citing works
Nash Unsworth, A., Schrock, J. C., & Engle, R. W. (2004) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition · doi:10.1037/0278-7393.30.6.1302 · Cited by 404 · see citing works
Swanson, H. L., Zheng, X., & Jerman, O. (2009) · Journal of Learning Disabilities · doi:10.1177/0022219409331958 · Cited by 395 · see citing works
Modeling working memory: An interference model of complex span
Oberauer, K., Lewandowsky, S., Farrell, S., Jarrold, C., & Greaves, M. (2012) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/s13423-012-0272-4 · Cited by 371 · see citing works
Incorporating human factors in order picking planning models: framework and research opportunities
Grosse, E. H., Glock, C. H., Jaber, M. Y., & Neumann, P. (2014) · International Journal of Production Research · doi:10.1080/00207543.2014.919424 · Cited by 375 · see citing works
Nash Unsworth, A., & Spillers, G. J. (2010) · Journal of Memory and Language · doi:10.1016/j.jml.2010.02.001 · Cited by 373 · see citing works
Reliability and Validity of Ambulatory Cognitive Assessments
Sliwinski, M. J., Mogle, J. A., Hyun, J., Muñoz, E., Smyth, J. M., & Lipton, R. B. (2016) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/1073191116643164 · Cited by 361 · see citing works
Ohtani, K., & HISASAKA, T. (2018) · Metacognition and Learning · doi:10.1007/s11409-018-9183-8 · Cited by 365 · see citing works
Working memory training in older adults: Evidence of transfer and maintenance effects.
Borella, E., Carretti, B., Riboldi, F., & De Beni, R. (2010) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037/a0020683 · Cited by 328 · see citing works
Ackerman, P. L., Beier, M. E., & Boyle, M. D. (2002) · Journal of Experimental Psychology General · doi:10.1037/0096-3445.131.4.567 · Cited by 327 · see citing works
Working Memory and Academic Learning: Assessment and Intervention
Dehn, M. J. (2008) · Cited by 323 · see citing works
Individual differences in working memory
Jarrold, C., & Towse, J. N. (2005) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2005.07.002 · Cited by 320 · see citing works
Working memory and intelligence are highly related constructs, but why?
Colom, R., Abad, F. J., Quiroga, M. Á., Shih, P. C., & Flores-Mendoza, C. E. (2008) · Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.intell.2008.01.002 · Cited by 320 · see citing works
Neural correlates of superior intelligence: Stronger recruitment of posterior parietal cortex
Lee, K. H., Choi, Y. Y., Gray, J. R., Cho, S. H., Chae, J., Lee, S., & Kim, K. (2005) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.07.036 · Cited by 279 · see citing works
About the Distinction between Working Memory and Short-Term Memory
Aben, B., Stapert, S., & Blokland, A. (2012) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00301 · Cited by 275 · see citing works
The role of mind-wandering in measurements of general aptitude.
Mrazek, M. D., Smallwood, J., Franklin, M. S., Chin, J. M., Baird, B., & Schooler, J. W. (2012) · Journal of Experimental Psychology General · doi:10.1037/a0027968 · Cited by 267 · see citing works
Scope of attention, control of attention, and intelligence in children and adults
Cowan, N., Fristoe, N. M., Elliott, E. M., Brunner, R. P., & Saults, J. S. (2006) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/bf03195936 · Cited by 265 · see citing works
Zinke, K., Zeintl, M., Rose, N. S., Putzmann, J., Pydde, A., & Kliegel, M. (2014) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0032982 · Cited by 246 · see citing works
Swanson, H. L., Jerman, O., & Zheng, X. (2008) · Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0663.100.2.343 · Cited by 258 · see citing works
Waters, L. E., Barsky, A. P., Ridd, A., & Allen, K. (2014) · Educational Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10648-014-9258-2 · Cited by 264 · see citing works
Nash Unsworth, A., & Engle, R. W. (2004) · Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.intell.2004.08.003 · Cited by 249 · see citing works
CORRECTIVE FEEDBACK AND WORKING MEMORY CAPACITY IN INTERACTION-DRIVEN L2 LEARNING
Goo, J. (2012) · Studies in Second Language Acquisition · doi:10.1017/s0272263112000149 · Cited by 250 · see citing works
Focusing the spotlight: Individual differences in visual attention control.
Heitz, R. P., & Engle, R. W. (2007) · Journal of Experimental Psychology General · doi:10.1037/0096-3445.136.2.217 · Cited by 239 · see citing works
Burgess, G. C., Gray, J. R., Conway, A. R. A., & Braver, T. S. (2011) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: General · doi:10.1037/a0024695 · Cited by 231 · see citing works
Self-citationPakulak, E., & Neville, H. J. (2009) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn.2009.21393 · Cited by 231 · see citing works
Kaufman, S. B. (2013) · The Journal of Creative Behavior · doi:10.1002/jocb.33 · Cited by 229 · see citing works
Superior performance and neural efficiency: The impact of intelligence and expertise
Grabner, R. H., Neubauer, A. C., & Stern, E. (2006) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2006.02.009 · Cited by 228 · see citing works
When customers exhibit verbal aggression, employees pay cognitive costs.
Rafaeli, A., Erez, A., Ravid, S., Derfler-Rozin, R. R., Efrat‐Treister, D., & Scheyer, R. (2012) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0028559 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
A toolbox approach to improving the measurement of attention control.
Draheim, C., Tsukahara, J. S., Martin, J. D., Mashburn, C. A., & Engle, R. W. (2020) · Journal of Experimental Psychology General · doi:10.1037/xge0000783 · Cited by 230 · see citing works
Failure of Working Memory Training to Enhance Cognition or Intelligence
Thompson, T. W., Waskom, M. L., Garel, K.-L. A., Cardenas-Iniguez, C., Reynolds, G. O., Winter, R., Chang, P., Pollard, K., Lala, N., Alvarez, G. A., et al. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0063614 · Cited by 208 · see citing works
Neural efficiency as a function of task demands
Dunst, B., Benedek, M., Jauk, E., Bergner, S., Koschutnig, K., Sommer, M., Ischebeck, A. K., Spinath, B., Arendasy, M. E., Bühner, M., et al. (2013) · Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.intell.2013.09.005 · Cited by 222 · see citing works
Swanson, L., & Kim, K. (2006) · Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.intell.2006.07.001 · Cited by 218 · see citing works
Hedden, T., & Yoon, C. (2006) · Neuropsychology · doi:10.1037/0894-4105.20.5.511 · Cited by 212 · see citing works
Working memory and fluid intelligence in young children
Engel de Abreu, P. M. J., Conway, A. R. A., & Gathercole, S. E. (2010) · Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.intell.2010.07.003 · Cited by 212 · see citing works
Self-citationCurlik, D. M., & Shors, T. J. (2012) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2012.07.027 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
Individual alpha neurofeedback training effect on short term memory
Nan, W., Rodrigues, J., Ma, J., Qu, X., Wan, F., Mak, P., Mak, P. U., Vai, M. I., & Rosa, A. C. (2012) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2012.07.182 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
Working memory in multilingual children: Is there a bilingual effect?
Engel de Abreu, P. M. J. (2011) · Memory · doi:10.1080/09658211.2011.590504 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
The Effects of Stress on Cognitive Aging, Physiology and Emotion (ESCAPE) Project
Scott, S. B., Graham-Engeland, J. E., Engeland, C. G., Smyth, J. M., Almeida, D. M., Katz, M. J., Lipton, R. B., Mogle, J. A., Munoz, E., Ram, N., et al. (2015) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-015-0497-7 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Jones, G., & Macken, W. J. (2015) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2015.07.009 · Cited by 199 · see citing works
Defining features versus incidental correlates of Type 1 and Type 2 processing
Stanovich, K. E., & Toplak, M. E. (2012) · Mind & Society · doi:10.1007/s11299-011-0093-6 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Stipacek, A., Grabner, R. H., Neuper, C., Fink, A., & Neubauer, A. C. (2003) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2003.09.044 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Mapping the Developmental Constraints on Working Memory Span Performance.
Bayliss, D. M., Jarrold, C., Baddeley, A., Riby, D. M., & Leigh, E. (2005) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/0012-1649.41.4.579 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
Vosskuhl, J., Huster, R. J., & Herrmann, C. S. (2015) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2015.00257 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Individual Differences in Working Memory Capacity and Reasoning Ability
Oberauer, K., Süß, H., Wilhelm, O., & Sander, N. (2008) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195168648.003.0003 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Geary, D. C., Nicholas, A., Li, Y., & Sun, J. (2017) · Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1037/edu0000159 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Attention and working memory as predictors of intelligence
SCHWEIZER, K. W., & Moosbrugger, H. (2004) · Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.intell.2004.06.006 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
de Bruin, A., Roelofs, A., Dijkstra, T., & FitzPatrick, I. (2014) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.12.049 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Proactive interference and item similarity in working memory.
Bunting, M. F. (2006) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition · doi:10.1037/0278-7393.32.2.183 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
Domain-general mechanisms of complex working memory span
Chein, J. M., Moore, A., & Conway, A. R. A. (2010) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.07.067 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Self-citationHiggins, D. M., Peterson, J. B., Pihl, R. O., & Lee, A. G. M. (2007) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.93.2.298 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Complex span tasks, simple span tasks, and cognitive abilities: A reanalysis of key studies
Colom, R., Rebollo, I., Abad, F. J., & Shih, P. C. (2006) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/bf03193395 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Kane, M. J., Poole, B. J., Tuholski, S. W., & Engle, R. W. (2006) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition · doi:10.1037/0278-7393.32.4.749 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Selective attention and perceptual load in autism spectrum disorder
Remington, A. (2010) · UCL Discovery (University College London) · Cited by 179 · see citing works
Are smarter groups more cooperative? Evidence from prisoner's dilemma experiments, 1959–2003
Jones, G. (2008) · Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization · doi:10.1016/j.jebo.2008.06.010 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
Low working memory capacity is only spuriously related to poor reading comprehension
Dyke, J. A. V., Johns, C. L., & Kukona, A. (2014) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2014.01.007 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Cognitive Abilities Involved in Insight Problem Solving: An Individual Differences Model
DeYoung, C. G., Flanders, J. L., & Peterson, J. B. (2008) · Creativity Research Journal · doi:10.1080/10400410802278719 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
- Authors
- Conway, A. R. A., Cowan, N., Bunting, M. F., Therriault, D. J., & Minkoff, S. R. B.
- Affiliations
- University of Illinois Chicago (US)
- University of Missouri (US)
- Corresponding author
- Conway, Andrew R.A
- Venue
- Intelligence
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2002-03
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 163-183
- ISSN
- 0160-2896 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2139913331
- Cited by
- 1,108
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 39 · 2023: 45 · 2022: 39 · 2021: 40 · 2020: 56 · 2019: 58 · 2018: 77 · 2017: 55 · 2016: 61 · 2015: 58 · 2014: 72 · 2013: 62 · 2012: 56
- FWCI
- 36.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Intelligence (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Aging and Gerontology Research
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Cognitive and developmental aspects of mathematical skills
- Keywords
- working memory capacity, short-term memory capacity, processing speed, latent variable structure, young adults, cognitive architecture
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review