The quantity of food waste in the garbage stream of southern Ontario, Canada households
Open accessAbstract
There is little consensus on the amount of worldwide food waste generation because many current estimates are indirect and link back to the same limited primary datasets, with much of the data originating from fieldwork undertaken in the 1970s and 1980s. Direct measurement of waste streams, through waste composition studies, can be used to develop accurate estimates of food waste disposal. In Ontario, Canada, municipalities that undertake household waste composition studies all use a common direct measurement methodology that includes a broad range of waste categories, including food waste. The purpose of this research was to estimate the quantity of food waste disposed, in the garbage stream, by households in southern Ontario, Canada, and determine if this common methodology could be expanded and serve as the basis of a standardized and rigorous household food waste measurement methodology. Household waste composition study data (2012-2015), including a single "food waste" category, were gathered from 9 Ontario municipalities, aggregated and analyzed to develop estimates of food waste in the garbage stream. On average, households disposed 2.40 kg/week of food waste in the garbage, which comprised 35.4% of this waste stream. This does not include any food waste otherwise disposed (e.g., sink) or recycled (e.g., composted). Urban households disposed significantly greater amounts of food waste compared to rural households in the spring (p = 0.01) and summer (p = 0.02). Households with access to a green bin program disposed significantly less food waste than those with no access to a green bin program in the spring (p = 0.03) and summer (p<0.01). The common methodology used to develop these estimates shows promise as the basis of a household food waste measurement methodology. This future methodology would include dividing food waste into avoidable and unavoidable food waste categories, as well as adding subcategories (e.g., avoidable fruits and vegetables).
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There is little academic literature that systematically observes household food waste generation in Canadian contexts.
“There is little academic literature that systematically observes household food waste generation in Canadian contexts [for exceptions see (14, 15)].”
From Valuing the multiple impacts of household food waste (2019) · cites this paper as [15]
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Al-Tuwaijri, O. M., Aldosari, F. O., Algannbi, M. A., Motawei, M. I., Mousa, H. M., & Barakat, H. (2026) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su18020686
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- Authors
- van der Werf, P., Seabrook, J. A., & Gilliland, J. A.
- Affiliations
- Western University (CA)
- Venue
- PLoS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2018-06-13
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- e0198470
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5999097
- OpenAlex
- W2807860058
- Cited by
- 57
- References
- 49
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 2
- FWCI
- 6.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Scholarship@Western (Western University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Food Waste Reduction and Sustainability
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Waste Management and Disposal › Municipal Solid Waste Management
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Waste Management and Disposal › Waste Management and Recycling
- Keywords
- household food waste, food waste disposal, composting, urban-rural differences, seasonal variation, avoidable food waste, southern Ontario
- MeSH terms
- Family Characteristics, Garbage, Ontario, Refuse Disposal, Seasons, Waste Products
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