Validated assessment tools for screen media use: a systematic review.
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: Accurate measurement of adult and child screen media use are needed to robustly assess its impact on health outcomes. Our objective was to systematically review screen media use measurement tools that have been validated against an objective "gold standard" tool. METHODS: The search strategy was initially conducted in Medline Ovid and translated to Embase, Web of Science, PsychInfo and Cochrane. A modified natural language search was conducted in Google Scholar and IEEE. The initial search was conducted in March 2021, and an updated search was conducted in June 2022. Additional studies were included from the references. Studies had to describe the validation of a tool to measure screen media use on participants of any age against a 'gold standard' or comparable objective measure. The COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) was used to assess the criterion validity. Four authors reviewed the titles in two rounds and extracted data. RESULTS: Twenty-nine articles were included in the review. Studies measured TV, computer, mobile device and social media site screen media use through: self or parent report, direct or video observation, computer and mobile device use tracking programs, and through other novel devices such as wearable devices and cameras. Correlations of self or parent report of screen media with the gold standard were lower than correlations of technology-based measures, and video observation with the gold standard. The COSMIN criterion validity ratings ranged from poor to excellent; most of the studies received a global score of fair or poor. CONCLUSIONS: Technology based validated tools that more directly measure screen use are emerging that have been validated against a gold standard for measuring screen use. However, practical, objective measures of diverse types of screen media use that have been tested on diverse populations are needed to better understand the impact of screen media use on the development and physical and mental health of children and adults.
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Many studies compared average screen time with average sleep and thus could not determine whether variation in screen time was associated with subsequent sleep that night.
“Many studies compared average screen time with average sleep and thus could not determine whether variation in screen time was associated with subsequent sleep that night.17,18”
From Screen Use at Bedtime and Sleep Duration and Quality Among Youths (2024) · cites this paper as [18]
The Introduction says screen media use has been associated with shorter sleep duration, but it does not describe how those studies compared screen time and sleep. The Results examine screen-use measurement tools, not whether studies used averages or could assess the effect of day-to-day variation on sleep that night (searched for nightly sleep, average sleep, and within-person variation). (LLM, conf=0.74)
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- Authors
- Perez, O., Garza, T., Hindera, O., Beltran, A., Musaad, S. M., Dibbs, T., Singh, A., Chug, S., Sisson, A., Kumar Vadathya, A., Baranowski, T., & O’Connor, T. M.
- Affiliations
- Baylor College of Medicine (US)
- Rice University (US)
- Texas Medical Center Library (US)
- Corresponding author
- O’Connor, Teresia M.
- ORCID
- Venue
- PLoS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2023-04-13
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- e0283714
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC10101444
- OpenAlex
- W4365443979
- Cited by
- 44
- References
- 60
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 14
- FWCI
- 2.72
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Digital Commons-TMC (Texas Medical Center) (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK113269)
- United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service (58-3092-0-001)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Education › Child Development and Digital Technology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Impact of Technology on Adolescents
- Keywords
- screen media use, measurement validity, criterion validity, gold standard, self-report, parent report, video observation, wearable devices, television viewing, social media use, children, adults, COSMIN
- MeSH terms
- Child, Humans, Reference Standards, Computers, Handheld
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