A compassion-based program to reduce psychological distress in medical students: A pilot randomized clinical trial
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVES: Physicians and medical students are subject to higher levels of psychological distress than the general population. These challenges have a negative impact in medical practice, leading to uncompassionate care. This pilot study aims to examine the feasibility of Compassion Cultivation Training (CCT) to reduce psychological distress and improve the well-being of medical students. We hypothesize that the CCT program, as compared to a waitlist control group, will reduce psychological distress (i.e., stress, anxiety, and depression) and burnout symptoms, while improving compassion, empathy, mindfulness, resilience, psychological well-being, and emotion-regulation strategies after the intervention. Furthermore, we hypothesize that these improvements will be maintained at a two-month follow-up. METHODS: Medical students were randomly assigned to an 8-week CCT or a Waitlist control group (WL). They completed self-report assessments at pre-intervention, post-intervention, and a 2-month follow-up. The outcomes measured were compassion, empathy, mindfulness, well-being, resilience, emotional regulation, psychological distress, burnout, and COVID-19 concern. Mixed-effects models and Reliable Change Index were computed. RESULTS: Compared with WL, CCT showed significant improvements in self-compassion, mindfulness, and emotion regulation, as well as a significant decrease in stress, anxiety, and emotional exhaustion component of burnout. Furthermore, some of these effects persisted at follow-up. No adverse effects of meditation practices were found. CONCLUSIONS: CCT enhanced compassion skills while reducing psychological distress in medical students, this being critical to preserving the mental health of physicians while promoting compassionate care for patients. The need for institutions to include this type of training is also discussed.
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Three blended group studies reported an effect on stress, burnout, and depression and anxiety through the use of the Transition and Adaptation towards Resiliency module, the ThoughFullChat intervention, and the Compassion Cultivating Training.
“Three studies (79–81) reported an effect on stress (79, 81), burnout (79), and depression and anxiety (79, 80) through the Use of the Transition and Adaptation towards Resiliency module, the ThoughFullChat intervention, and the Compassion Cultivating Training.”
From Digital resilience interventions for healthcare workers: a systematic review (2025) · cites this paper as [81]
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- Authors
- Rojas, B., Catalan, E., Diez, G., & Roca, P.
- Affiliations
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid (ES)
- Valencian International University (ES)
- Corresponding author
- Roca, Pablo
- Venue
- PLOS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2023-06-23
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- e0287388
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC10289411
- OpenAlex
- W4381839684
- Cited by
- 38
- References
- 76
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 2
- FWCI
- 11.08
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Repositorio Digital de la Universidad Villanueva (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Eli Lilly and Company
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Healthcare professionals’ stress and burnout
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Empathy and Medical Education
- Keywords
- medical students, psychological distress, burnout, self-compassion, mindfulness, emotion regulation, resilience, empathy, psychological well-being, physician mental health, compassionate care, meditation, COVID-19 worry
- MeSH terms
- Psychological Distress, COVID-19, Burnout, Professional, Empathy, Humans, Pilot Projects, Stress, Psychological, Students, Medical, Mindfulness
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