Epicardial Adipose Tissue Thickness and Its Association With the Presence and Severity of Coronary Artery Disease in Clinical Setting: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study
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BACKGROUND: Obesity is an important risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Estimation of visceral adipose tissue is important and several methods are available as its surrogate. Although correlation of epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) with visceral adipose tissue as estimated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and/or CT is excellent, it is costlier and cumbersome. EAT can be accurately measured by two-dimensional (2D) echocardiography. It tends to be higher in patients with acute coronary syndrome than in subjects without coronary artery disease (CAD) and in those with stable angina. It also carries advantage as index of high cardiometabolic risk as it is a direct measure of visceral fat rather than anthropometric measurements. The present study evaluated the relationship of EAT to the presence and severity of CAD in clinical setting. METHODS: In this prospective, single-center study conducted in the Department of Cardiology, LPS Institute of Cardiology, Kanpur, India, 549 consecutive patients with acute coronary syndrome or chronic stable angina were enrolled. Sensitivity, specificity, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were estimated to find cut-off value of EAT thickness for diagnosing CAD using coronary angiographic findings as gold standard. RESULTS: Patients were diagnosed as CAD group (n = 464, 60.30 ± 8.36 years) and non-CAD group (n = 85, 54.42 ± 11.93 years) after assessing coronary angiograms. The EAT was measured at end-systole from the PLAX views of three cardiac cycles on the free wall of the right ventricle. Lesion was significant if > 50% in left main and > 70% in other coronary arteries. The mean EAT thickness in CAD group was 5.10 ± 1.06 and in non-CAD group was 4.36 ± 1.01 which was significant (P = 0.003). Significant correlation was demonstrated between EAT thickness and presence of CAD (P < 0.003). Higher EAT was associated with severe CAD and presence of multivessel disease. By ROC analysis, EAT > 4.65 mm predicated the presence of significant coronary stenosis by 71.6% sensitivity and 73.1% specificity. CONCLUSION: EAT thickness measured using transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) significantly correlates with the presence and severity of CAD. It is sensitive, easily available, and cost-effective and assists in the risk stratification and may be an additional marker on classical risk factors for CAD.
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EAT thickness is significantly correlated with the presence and severity of CAD.
“This hypothesis is supported by the observation that EAT thickness was significantly correlated with the presence and severity of CAD and corroborated by the arrest of CAD progression after experimental resection of the epicardium [83,84].”
From Dysregulated epicardial adipose tissue as a risk factor and potential therapeutic target of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in diabetes (2022) · cites this paper as [83]
Experimental resection of the epicardium arrests CAD progression.
“This hypothesis is supported by the observation that EAT thickness was significantly correlated with the presence and severity of CAD and corroborated by the arrest of CAD progression after experimental resection of the epicardium [83,84].”
From Dysregulated epicardial adipose tissue as a risk factor and potential therapeutic target of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in diabetes (2022) · cites this paper as [83]
Excess fat surrounding the coronary arteries causes inflammation and accelerated atherosclerosis at this level, acting in a paracrine manner, contributing to CAD-related HF.
“Basically, it may concur to the development of a CAD-related HF, because the excess of fat surrounding the coronary arteries causes inflammation and accelerated atherosclerosis at this level, acting in a paracrine manner.”
From Dysregulated epicardial adipose tissue as a risk factor and potential therapeutic target of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in diabetes (2022) · cites this paper as [83]
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Refaat, M. M., Elezz, M. G. A., Helmy, I. M., Helal, A. F., & Elshazly, I. (2023) · Benha Medical Journal · doi:10.21608/bmfj.2023.224511.1859 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Epicardial Fat-mediated Inflammation: a Major Player in Cardiovascular Diseases
Benedek, I., & Benedek, T. (2017) · Journal of Interdisciplinary Medicine · doi:10.1515/jim-2017-0101
The Multifaceted Role of Epicardial Fat in Cardiovascular Diseases
Benedek, T. (2018) · Journal of Interdisciplinary Medicine · doi:10.2478/jim-2018-0021
QUANTIFICATION OF ECTOPIC FAT DEPOTS IN PATIENTS WITH CORONARY HEART DISEASE
Коков, А. Н., Brel, N. K., Masenko, V. L., Gruzdeva, O. V., Dyleva, Y. A., Belik, E. V., & Барбараш, О. Л. (2019) · Research and Practical Medicine Journal · doi:10.17709/2409-2231-2019-6-3-4
Koroner arter hastalığında epikardiyal yağ doku indeksinin araştırılması
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Epicardial and pericoronary fat
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COMPARISON OF EPICARDIUM ADIPOSE TISSUE THICKNESS IN TREADMILL TEST POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE PATIENT
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A consensus statement from the European Society for Clinical Investigation
Carbone, F., Després, J., Ioannidis, J. P. A., Neeland, I. J., Garruti, G., Busetto, L., Liberale, L., Ministrini, S., Vilahur, G., Schindler, T. H., et al. (2025) · Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT)
Correlation of Epicardial Fat Thickness With the Severity of Coronary Artery Disease
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- Authors
- Sinha, S. K., Thakur, R., Jha, M. J., Goel, A., Kumar, V., Kumar, A., Mishra, V., Varma, C. M., Krishna, V., Singh, A. K., & Sachan, M.
- Affiliations
- Ganesh Shankar Vidyarthi Memorial Medical College (IN)
- Corresponding author
- Sinha, Santosh Kumar
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Clinical Medicine Research
- Publisher
- Elmer Press, Inc.
- Published
- 2016
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 410-419
- ISSN
- 1918-3003 (ISSN-L)
- 1918-3011
- PMC
- PMC4817582
- OpenAlex
- W2298994001
- Cited by
- 71
- References
- 27
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 3
- FWCI
- 7.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc
- Locations
- Journal of Clinical Medicine Research (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Disease and Adiposity
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Cardiac Imaging and Diagnostics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Function and Risk Factors
- Keywords
- epicardial adipose tissue, coronary artery disease, coronary stenosis severity, multivessel coronary artery disease, acute coronary syndrome, stable angina, transthoracic echocardiography, visceral adipose tissue, obesity, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, coronary angiography, diagnostic thresholds, right ventricular free wall, cardiometabolic risk, non-invasive diagnosis
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