Many faces of Parkinson's disease: non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease
Open accessAbstract
The micro-architecture of the substantia nigra was studied in control cases of varying age and patients with parkinsonism. A single 7μ section stained with haematoxylin and eosin was examined at a specific level within the caudal nigra using strict criteria. The pars compacta was divided into a ventral and a dorsaltier, and each tier was further subdivided into 3 regions. In 36 control cases there was a linear fallout of pigmented neurons with advancing age in the pars compacta of the caudal substantia nigra at a rate of 4.7% per decade. Regionally, the lateral ventral tier was relatively spared (2.1% loss per decade) compared with the medial ventral tier (5.4%) and the dorsal tier (6.9%). In 20 Parkinson's disease (PD) cases of varying disease duration there was an exponential loss of pigmented neurons with a 45% loss in the first decade. Regionally, the pattern was opposite to ageing. Loss was greatest in the lateral ventral tier (average loss 91%) followed by the medial ventral tier (71%) and the dorsal tier (56%). The presymptomatic phase of PD from the onset of neuronal loss was estimated to be about 5 yrs. This phase is represented by incidental Lewy body cases: individuals who die without clinical signs of PD or dementia, but who are found to have Lewy bodies at post-mortem. In 7 cases cell loss was confined to the lateral ventral tier (average loss 52%) congruent with the lateral ventral selectivity of symptomatic PD. It was calculated that at the onset of symptoms there was a 68% cell loss in the lateral ventral tier and a 48% loss in the caudal nigra as a whole. The regional selectivity of PD is relatively specific. In 15 cases of striatonigral degeneration the distribution of cell loss was similar, but the loss in the dorsal tier was greater than PD by 21%. In 14 cases of Steele-Richardson- Olszewski syndrome (SRO) there was no predilection for the lateral ventral tier, but a tendency to involve the medial nigra and spare the lateral. These findings suggest that agerelated of pigmented nigral cells is not an important factor in the pathogenesis of PD.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Levodopa therapy has several side effects, does not prevent dopaminergic neuron degeneration, and has no effects on non-motor symptoms.
“This therapy has several side effects (Schrag and Quinn, 2000), it does not prevent dopaminergic neuron degeneration, and has no effects on non-motor symptoms (Lee and Koh, 2015).”
From The Gut-Brain Axis in Parkinson’s Disease: Possibilities for Food-Based Therapies (2017) · cites this paper as Lee and Koh, 2015
Prolonged use of levodopa induces severe side effects such as dyskinesia and motor fluctuation, and as the disease progresses patients might eventually develop levodopa-resistance.
“The prolonged use of levodopa induces severe side effects such as dyskinesia and motor fluctuation (Schrag and Quinn, 2000) and as the disease progresses patients might eventually develop levodopa-resistance (Lebouvier et al., 2010;Lee and Koh, 2015).”
From The Gut-Brain Axis in Parkinson’s Disease: Possibilities for Food-Based Therapies (2017) · cites this paper as Lee and Koh, 2015
Many non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease are unresponsive to dopaminergic treatments.
“Many of the non-motor symptoms are unresponsive to dopaminergic treatments (Lee and Koh, 2015;Schrag and Quinn, 2000).”
From The Gut-Brain Axis in Parkinson’s Disease: Possibilities for Food-Based Therapies (2017) · cites this paper as Lee and Koh, 2015
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Staging of brain pathology related to sporadic Parkinson’s disease
Braak, H., Tredici, K. D., Rüb, U., de Vos, R. A. I., Jansen Steur, E. N. H., & Braak, E. (2003) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/s0197-4580(02)00065-9 · Cited by 10,777 · see citing works
AGEING AND PARKINSON'S DISEASE: SUBSTANTIA NIGRA REGIONAL SELECTIVITY
FEARNLEY, J. M., & LEES, A. J. (1991) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/114.5.2283 · Cited by 3,529 · see citing works
Non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease: diagnosis and management
Chaudhuri, K. R., Healy, D. G., & Schapira, A. H. (2006) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(06)70373-8 · Cited by 2,807 · see citing works
Lang, A. E., & Lozano, A. M. (1998) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199810083391506 · Cited by 2,041 · see citing works
The Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS): Status and recommendations
Movement Disorder Society Task Force on Rating Scales for Parkinson's Disease (2003) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.10473 · Cited by 1,811 · see citing works
Non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease: dopaminergic pathophysiology and treatment
Chaudhuri, К. R., & Schapira, A. H. V. (2009) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(09)70068-7 · Cited by 1,739 · see citing works
Barone, P., Antonini, A., Colosimo, C., Marconi, R., Morgante, L., Avarello, T. P., Bottacchi, E., Cannas, A., Ceravolo, G., Ceravolo, R., et al. (2009) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.22643 · Cited by 1,445 · see citing works
Chaudhuri, K. R., Martinez‐Martin, P., Schapira, A. H. V., Stocchi, F., Sethi, K., Odin, P., Brown, R. G., Koller, W., Barone, P., MacPhee, G., et al. (2006) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.20844 · Cited by 1,100 · see citing works
Martínez‐Martín, P., Rodríguez‐Blázquez, C., Kurtis, M. M., Chaudhuri, К. R., & on Behalf of the NMSS Validation Group (2011) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.23462 · Cited by 1,003 · see citing works
Meta‐analysis of early nonmotor features and risk factors for Parkinson disease
Noyce, A. J., Bestwick, J. P., Silveira‐Moriyama, L., Hawkes, C. H., Giovannoni, G., Lees, A. J., & Schrag, A. E. (2012) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.23687 · Cited by 772 · see citing works
Pathoanatomy of Parkinson’s disease
Braak, H., & Braak, E. (2000) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/pl00007758 · Cited by 693 · see citing works
Identifying prodromal Parkinson's disease: Pre‐Motor disorders in Parkinson's disease
Postuma, R. B., Aarsland, D., Barone, P., Burn, D. J., Hawkes, C. H., Oertel, W. H., & Ziemssen, T. (2012) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.24996 · Cited by 615 · see citing works
Burn, D. J. (2006) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.2005.081711 · Cited by 437 · see citing works
The spectrum of nonmotor symptoms in early Parkinson disease
Khoo, T. K., Yarnall, A. J., Duncan, G. W., Coleman, S. Y., O'Brien, J. T., Brooks, D. J., Barker, R. A., & Burn, D. J. (2013) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0b013e31827deb74 · Cited by 430 · see citing works
Effect of Psychiatric and Other Nonmotor Symptoms on Disability in Parkinson's Disease
Weintraub, D., Moberg, P. J., Duda, J. E., Katz, I. R., & Stern, M. B. (2004) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2004.52219.x · Cited by 381 · see citing works
Nonmotor fluctuations in Parkinson disease
Storch, A., Schneider, C. B., Wolz, M., Stürwald, Y., Nebe, A., Odin, P., Mahler, A., Fuchs, G., Jost, W. H., Chaudhuri, К. R., et al. (2013) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0b013e318285c0ed · Cited by 373 · see citing works
Williams, D. R., & Lees, A. J. (2005) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(05)70146-0 · Cited by 302 · see citing works
Olfaction in neurodegenerative disorder
Hawkes, C. H. (2003) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.10379 · Cited by 290 · see citing works
Coelho, M. M., & Ferreira, J. J. (2012) · Nature Reviews Neurology · doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2012.126 · Cited by 250 · see citing works
Pacchetti, C., Manni, R., Zangaglia, R., Mancini, F., Marchioni, E., Tassorelli, C., Terzaghi, M., Ossola, M., Martignoni, E., Moglia, A., et al. (2005) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.20582 · Cited by 242 · see citing works
Olfactory function in atypical parkinsonian syndromes
Wenning, G. K., Shephard, B. C., Hawkes, C. H., Petruckevitch, A., Lees, A. J., & Quinn, N. P. (1995) · Acta Neurologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1995.tb06998.x · Cited by 231 · see citing works
Manifestations of Parkinson disease differ in association with REM sleep behavior disorder
Postuma, R. B., Gagnon, J., Vendette, M., Charland, K., & Montplaisir, J. Y. (2008) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.22099 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
The nonmotor symptoms of Parkinson's disease—An overview
Lim, S., & Lang, A. E. (2010) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.22786 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Olfactory function in Parkinsonian syndromes
Muller, A. M., Müngersdorf, M., Reichmann, H., Strehle, G., & Hummel, T. R. (2002) · Journal of Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1054/jocn.2001.1071 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Quantitation of non‐motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease
Chaudhuri, К. R., & Martínez‐Martín, P. (2008) · European Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1111/j.1468-1331.2008.02212.x · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Premotor signs and symptoms of multiple system atrophy
Ječmenica‐Lukić, M., Poewe, W. H., TOLOSA, E. S., & Wenning, G. K. (2012) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(12)70022-4 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Parkinson's disease motor subtypes and mood
Burn, D. J., Landau, S., Hindle, J. V., Samuel, M., Wilson, K., Hurt, C. S., Brown, R. G., & for the PROMS‐PD Study Group (2011) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.24041 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Association of cognitive dysfunction with neurocirculatory abnormalities in early Parkinson disease
Kim, J., Oh, Y., Lee, K.-S., Kim, Y.-I., Yang, D., & Goldstein, D. S. (2012) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0b013e31826c1acd · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Olfactory function distinguishes vascular parkinsonism from Parkinson's disease
Katzenschlager, R. (2004) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.2003.035287 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Li, H., Zhang, M., Chen, L., Zhang, J., Pei, Z., Hu, A., & Wang, Q. (2010) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.23368 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Politis, M., Piccini, P. P., Pavese, N., Koh, S., & Brooks, D. J. (2008) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2008.07.021 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Self-citationRisk factors for somnolence, edema, and hallucinations in early Parkinson disease
Biglan, K., Holloway, R. G., McDermott, M., Richard, I. H., & The Parkinson Study Group CALM-PD Investigators (2007) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000265593.34438.00 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Validation of the Korean-Version of the Nonmotor Symptoms Scale for Parkinson's Disease
Koh, S., Kim, J. W., Ma, H., Ahn, T., Cho, J. W., Lee, P. H., Chung, S. J., Kim, J., Kwon, D., & Baik, J. S. (2012) · Journal of Clinical Neurology · doi:10.3988/jcn.2012.8.4.276 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Self-citationAssociation of anosmia with autonomic failure in Parkinson disease
Goldstein, D. S., Sewell, L., & Holmes, C. S. (2010) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0b013e3181ca014c · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Lee, P. H., Yeo, S. ‐., Yong, S. W., et al. (2007) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.2007.121285 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Nonmotor Symptoms in Parkinson's Disease
Stacy, M. A. (2011) · International Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.3109/00207454.2011.620196 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Lee, M. S., Lyoo, C. H., Lee, M. J., Sim, J., Cho, H., & Choi, Y. H. (2010) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.23304 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Nonmotor symptoms in essential tremor: Comparison with Parkinson's disease and normal control
Lee, S.-M., Kim, M., Lee, H. M., Kwon, K., & Koh, S. (2015) · Journal of the Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jns.2015.01.012 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Self-citationOlfactory dysfunction and cardiovascular dysautonomia in Parkinson’s disease
Oka, H., Toyoda, C., Yogo, M., & Mochio, S. (2010) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/s00415-009-5447-1 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Postural Instability and Cognitive Dysfunction in Early Parkinson's Disease
Lee, J. M., Koh, S., Chae, S. W., et al. (2012) · Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques · doi:10.1017/s0317167100013986 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Self-citationMood response to levodopa infusion in early Parkinson's disease.
Maricle, R. A., Valentine, R. J., Carter, J., & Nutt, J. G. (1998) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.50.6.1890 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Striatal dopamine loss and discriminative sensory dysfunction in Parkinson's disease
Lyoo, C. H., Ryu, Y. H., Lee, M. J., et al. (2012) · Acta Neurologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0404.2012.01657.x · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Nonmotor Symptoms in Drug-Induced Parkinsonism and Drug-Naïve Parkinson Disease
Kim, J. S., Youn, J., Shin, H., & Cho, J. W. (2013) · Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques · doi:10.1017/s0317167100012920 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Translation and Validation of the Korean Version of the 39-Item Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire
Kwon, D., Kim, J. W., Ma, H., Ahn, T., Cho, J., Lee, P. H., Chung, S. J., Kim, J., Baik, J. S., & Koh, S. (2013) · Journal of Clinical Neurology · doi:10.3988/jcn.2013.9.1.26 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Self-citationNonmotor Symptoms and Cognitive Decline in de novo Parkinson’s Disease
Kwon, K., Kang, S. H., Kim, M., Lee, H. M., Jang, J. W., Kim, J. Y., Lee, S.-M., & Koh, S. (2014) · Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques · doi:10.1017/cjn.2014.3 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Self-citationClinical characteristics of impulse control and repetitive behavior disorders in Parkinson’s disease
Kim, J., Kim, M., Kwon, D., Seo, W., Kim, J. H., Baik, J. S., & Koh, S. (2012) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/s00415-012-6645-9 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Self-citationThe interrelationship between non-motor symptoms in Atypical Parkinsonism
Lee, C.-N., Kim, M., Lee, H. M., Jang, J.-W., Lee, S.-M., Kwon, D.-Y., Park, K.-W., & Koh, S.-B. (2013) · Journal of the Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jns.2013.01.034 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Self-citationStereopsis and extrastriate cortical atrophy in Parkinson’s disease
Koh, S., Suh, S., Kim, S. H., & Kim, J. H. (2013) · Neuroreport · doi:10.1097/wnr.0b013e32835edbc5 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Self-citationStereopsis in Drug Naïve Parkinson's Disease Patients
Kim, S. H., Park, J., Kim, Y. H., et al. (2011) · Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques · doi:10.1017/s0317167100011501 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Sniffing out Parkinson Disease
McKinnon, J. H., Demaerschalk, B. M., Caviness, J. N., et al. (2007) · The Neurologist · doi:10.1097/nrl.0b013e31815a351a · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Non-Motor Symptoms of Parkinson's Disease
Weerkamp, N. J., van Ommen‐Nijhof, A., & Tissingh, G. (2009) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/med/9780199237234.001.0001 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Nonmotor Symptoms of Parkinson's Disease
Rektorová, I., Aarsland, D., Chaudhuri, К. R., & Strafella, A. P. (2011) · Parkinson s Disease · doi:10.4061/2011/351461 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Loeffler, D. A., LeWitt, P. A., Juneau, P. L., et al. (1998) · Neurochemical Research · doi:10.1023/a:1020923919560 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Nonmotor Disorders and Their Correlation With Dopamine
Martínez‐Castrillo, J. C., Vela, L., del Val, J., & Cánovas, A. A. (2011) · The Neurologist · doi:10.1097/nrl.0b013e318239669f · Cited by 8 · see citing works
ASSOCIATION OF ANOSMIA WITH AUTONOMIC FAILURE IN PARKINSON DISEASE
Burke, W. J. (2010) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0b013e3181e793fa · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The role of gut dysbiosis in Parkinson’s disease: mechanistic insights and therapeutic options
Wang, Q., Luo, Y., Ray Chaudhuri, K., Reynolds, R., Tan, E.-K., & Pettersson, S. (2021) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awab156 · Cited by 281 · see citing works
Srivastav, S., Neupane, S., Bhurtel, S., Katila, N., Maharjan, S., Choi, H., Hong, J. T., & Choi, D.-Y. (2019) · The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.03.021 · Cited by 212 · see citing works
The Gut-Brain Axis in Parkinson’s Disease: Possibilities for Food-Based Therapies
Perez-Pardo, P., Kliest, T., Dodiya, H. B., Broersen, L. M., Garssen, J., Keshavarzian, A., & Kraneveld, A. D. (2017) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.05.042 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
“Many of the non-motor symptoms are unresponsive to dopaminergic treatments (Lee and Koh, 2015; Schrag and Quinn, 2000).”
BackgroundRosario, D., Bidkhori, G., Lee, S., Bedarf, J., Hildebrand, F., Le Chatelier, E., Uhlen, M., Ehrlich, S. D., Proctor, G., Wüllner, U., et al. (2021) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108807 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
The Role of the Gut Microbiota in the Pathogenesis of Parkinson's Disease
Yang, D., Zhao, D., Ali Shah, S. Z., Wu, W., Lai, M., Zhang, X., Li, J., Guan, Z., Zhao, H., Li, W., et al. (2019) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2019.01155 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Castelli, V., d’Angelo, M., Lombardi, F., Alfonsetti, M., Antonosante, A., Catanesi, M., Benedetti, E., Palumbo, P., Cifone, M. G., Giordano, A., et al. (2020) · Aging · doi:10.18632/aging.102927 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Perez-Pardo, P., de Jong, E. M., Broersen, L. M., van Wijk, N., Attali, A., Garssen, J., & Kraneveld, A. D. (2017) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2017.00057 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
The neurological effects of ghrelin in brain diseases: Beyond metabolic functions
Jiao, Q., Du, X., Li, Y., Gong, B., Shi, L., Tang, T., & Jiang, H. (2017) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.12.010 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Association of Parkinson’s Disease With Microbes and Microbiological Therapy
Chen, Z.-J., Liang, C.-Y., Yang, L.-Q., Ren, S.-M., Xia, Y.-M., Cui, L., Li, X.-F., & Gao, B.-L. (2021) · Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fcimb.2021.619354 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Park, Y., Kim, S. R., So, H. Y., Jo, S., Lee, S. H., Hwang, Y. S., Kim, M. S., & Chung, S. J. (2022) · Geriatric Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.gerinurse.2022.05.003 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Jiao, L., Du, X., Jia, F., Li, Y., Zhu, D., Tang, T., Jiao, Q., & Jiang, H. (2021) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2021.01.011 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
- Authors
- Lee, H. M., & Koh, S.-B.
- Affiliations
- Korea University (KR)
- Corresponding author
- Koh, Seong-Beom
- Venue
- Journal of Movement Disorders
- Publisher
- The Korean Movement Disorder Society
- Published
- 2015-05-31
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 92-97
- ISSN
- 2005-940X (ISSN-L)
- 2093-4939
- PMC
- PMC4460545
- OpenAlex
- W582237744
- Cited by
- 191
- References
- 55
- Citations by year
- 2026: 22 · 2025: 26 · 2024: 23 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 4
- FWCI
- 1.45
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc
- Locations
- Journal of Movement Disorders (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Neurological disorders and treatments
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Nuclear Receptors and Signaling
- Keywords
- Parkinson's disease, substantia nigra, regional selectivity, Lewy bodies, presymptomatic phase, striatonigral degeneration, progressive supranuclear palsy, aging, non-motor symptoms, neurodegeneration
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
