The neurological effects of ghrelin in brain diseases: Beyond metabolic functions

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Ghrelin stimulation of growth hormone release and appetite is mediated through the growth hormone secretagogue receptor

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UCP2 mediates ghrelin’s action on NPY/AgRP neurons by lowering free radicals

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Vagotomy Dissociates Short- and Long-Term Controls of Circulating Ghrelin

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Structure and Physiological Actions of Ghrelin

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Hypothalamic growth hormone secretagogue receptor regulates growth hormone secretion, feeding, and adiposity.

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Ghrelin inhibits apoptosis in hypothalamic neuronal cells during oxygen-glucose deprivation.

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Ghrelin stimulates proliferation and differentiation and inhibits apoptosis in osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells

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Inhibition of ghrelin O-acyltransferase (GOAT) by octanoylated pentapeptides

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Neuroprotective Effect of Ghrelin in the 1-Methyl-4-Phenyl-1,2,3,6-Tetrahydropyridine Mouse Model of Parkinson’s Disease by Blocking Microglial Activation

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Ghrelin in Central Neurons

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Many faces of Parkinson's disease: non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease

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Ghrelin Acts as an Interface between Physiological State and Phasic Dopamine Signaling

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Ghrelin Stimulates Appetite, Imagination of Food, GH, ACTH, and Cortisol, but does not Affect Leptin in Normal Controls

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Characterization of Ghrelin-Like Immunoreactivity in Human Plasma

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Identification of ghrelin and its receptor in neurons of the rat arcuate nucleus

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Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s disease; A source of heterogeneity and target for personalized therapy

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Ghrelin Signalling on Food Reward: A Salient Link Between the Gut and the Mesolimbic System

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The Central Sirtuin 1/p53 Pathway Is Essential for the Orexigenic Action of Ghrelin

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Self‐reported sleep disturbance is associated with Alzheimer's disease risk in men

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Mitochondrial iron homeostasis and its dysfunctions in neurodegenerative disorders

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Ghrelin, a widespread hormone: insights into molecular and cellular regulation of its expression and mechanism of action

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Neural basis of orexigenic effects of ghrelin acting within lateral hypothalamus

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Cell Biology of the Ghrelin Receptor

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Ghrelin antagonizes MPTP-induced neurotoxicity to the dopaminergic neurons in mouse substantia nigra

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Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/Akt/glycogen synthase kinase-3β and ERK1/2 pathways mediate protective effects of acylated and unacylated ghrelin against oxygen–glucose deprivation-induced apoptosis in primary rat cortical neuronal cells

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Oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage: importance in non-SOD1 ALS

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Ghrelin and Dopamine: New Insights on the Peripheral Regulation of Appetite

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Ghrelin's Roles in Stress, Mood, and Anxiety Regulation

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Ghrelin Ameliorates Cognitive Dysfunction and Neurodegeneration in Intrahippocampal Amyloid-β1-42 Oligomer-Injected Mice

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Hypothalamic mTOR Signaling Mediates the Orexigenic Action of Ghrelin

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Nutritional Approaches to Modulate Oxidative Stress in Alzheimers Disease

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Growth hormone secretagogue receptor expression in the cells of the stomach-projected afferent nerve in the rat nodose ganglion

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Somatostatin Infusion Lowers Plasma Ghrelin without Reducing Appetite in Adults with Prader-Willi Syndrome

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Changes in the mitochondrial antioxidant systems in neurodegenerative diseases and acute brain disorders

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Ghrelin stimulates neurogenesis in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus

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Anti-ghrelin immunoglobulins modulate ghrelin stability and its orexigenic effect in obese mice and humans

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Ghrelin attenuates kainic acid-induced neuronal cell death in the mouse hippocampus.

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Sleep, clocks, and synaptic plasticity

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Increased ghrelin signaling prolongs survival in mouse models of human aging through activation of sirtuin1

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Ghrelin, obesity and diabetes

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Role of ghrelin system in neuroprotection and cognitive functions: Implications in Alzheimer's disease

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Ghrelin-containing neuron in cerebral cortex and hypothalamus linked with the DVC of brainstem in rat

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Ghrelin, paraoxonase and arylesterase levels in depressive patients before and after citalopram treatment

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Peptide hormone ghrelin enhances neuronal excitability by inhibition of Kv7/KCNQ channels

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Ghrelin triggers the synaptic incorporation of AMPA receptors in the hippocampus

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Expression of the Ghrelin and Neurotensin Systems is Altered in the Temporal Lobe of Alzheimer's Disease Patients

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Ghrelin Suppresses Inflammation and Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase in Focal Cerebral Ischemia Via the Vagus Nerve

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Ghrelin directly stimulates adult hippocampal neurogenesis: implications for learning and memory.

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Des‐Acyl Ghrelin Directly Targets the Arcuate Nucleus in a Ghrelin‐Receptor Independent Manner and Impairs the Orexigenic Effect of Ghrelin

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Postprandial ghrelin response is reduced in patients with Parkinson’s disease and idiopathic REM sleep behaviour disorder: a peripheral biomarker for early Parkinson’s disease?

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Neuroinflammation and Aβ Accumulation Linked To Systemic Inflammation Are Decreased By Genetic PKR Down-Regulation

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The Anti-Inflammatory and Neuroprotective Effects of Ghrelin in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage-Induced Oxidative Brain Damage in Rats

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Effects of ghrelin on psychopathology, sleep and secretion of cortisol and growth hormone in patients with major depression

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Hypothalamic mTOR: The Rookie Energy Sensor

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Effects of ghrelin and des-acyl ghrelin on neurogenesis of the rat fetal spinal cord

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Leptin and ghrelin concentrations and weight loss in Parkinson’s disease

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Dopaminergic treatment is associated with decreased body weight in patients with Parkinson’s disease and dyskinesias

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Emotional Dysfunction in Parkinson’s Disease

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Synaptic plasticity model of therapeutic sleep deprivation in major depression

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Regulational Effect of Ghrelin on Growth Hormone Secretion from Perifused Rat Anterior Pituitary Cells

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Ghrelin is neuroprotective in Parkinson’s disease: molecular mechanisms of metabolic neuroprotection

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Drug Insight: the functions of ghrelin and its potential as a multitherapeutic hormone

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Serum Ghrelin and Leptin Levels in Patients with Depression and the Effects of Treatment

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Ghrelin and the Growth Hormone Secretagogue Receptor Constitute a Novel Autocrine Pathway in Astrocytoma Motility

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Metabolic and hormonal signatures in pre-manifest and manifest Huntington's disease patients

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Ghrelin Attenuated Lipotoxicity via Autophagy Induction and Nuclear Factor-κB Inhibition

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Multiple signaling pathways mediate ghrelin-induced proliferation of hippocampal neural stem cells

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Ghrelin and Neurodegenerative Disorders—a Review

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UCP2 is highly expressed in pancreatic α-cells and influences secretion and survival

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Natural Compounds and Plant Extracts as Therapeutics Against Chronic Inflammation in Alzheimer’s Disease – A Translational Perspective

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Should We Consider Des-Acyl Ghrelin as a Separate Hormone and If So, What Does It Do?

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Ghrelin in mental health, sleep, memory

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Ghrelin reduces injury of hippocampal neurons in a rat model of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion.

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The role of ghrelin in addiction: a review

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Peripheral administration of GH induces cell proliferation in the brain of adult hypophysectomized rats

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Ghrelin Antagonized 1-Methyl-4-Phenylpyridinium (MPP+)-Induced Apoptosis in MES23.5 Cells

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Ghrelin Plasma Levels Are Not Altered in Major Depression

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Ghrelin induces cell migration through GHS-R, CaMKII, AMPK, and NF-κB signaling pathway in glioma cells

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Ghrelin signaling in the gut, its physiological properties, and therapeutic potential

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Ghrelin-induced food intake and adiposity depend on central mTORC1/S6K1 signaling

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Effect of nutritional rehabilitation on circulating ghrelin and growth hormone levels in patients with anorexia nervosa

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Ghrelin inhibits LPS-induced release of IL-6 from mouse dopaminergic neurones

Beynon, A. L., Brown, M. R., Wright, R., Rees, M., Sheldon, I., & Davies, J. S. (2013) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/1742-2094-10-40 · Cited by 56 · see citing works

Ghrelin and leptin secretion in patients with moderate Alzheimer's disease

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Brain somatic cross-talk: Ghrelin, leptin and ultimate challengers of obesity

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Ghrelin‐Induced Stimulation of Colonic Propulsion is Dependent on Hypothalamic Neuropeptide Y1‐ and Corticotrophin‐Releasing Factor 1 Receptor Activation

Tebbe, J. J., Mronga, S., Tebbe, C. G., Ortmann, E., Arnold, R., & Schafer, M. K.-H. (2005) · Journal of Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2826.2005.01340.x · Cited by 55 · see citing works

Neuroprotective Effect of Ghrelin Is Associated with Decreased Expression of Prostate Apoptosis Response-4

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Ghrelin modulates electrical activity of area postrema neurons

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Ghrelin protects heart against ERS-induced injury and apoptosis by activating AMP-activated protein kinase

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The Role of Ghrelin, Neuropeptide Y and Leptin Peptides in Weight Gain after Deep Brain Stimulation for Parkinson’s Disease

Markaki, E., Ellul, J., Kefalopoulou, Z. M., Trachani, E., Theodoropoulou, A., Kyriazopoulou, V. E., & Constantoyannis, C. (2012) · Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery · doi:10.1159/000335045 · Cited by 51 · see citing works

Stimulation of neurogenesis in rat nucleus of the solitary tract by ghrelin

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Mood disorders: A potential link between ghrelin and leptin on human body?

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Early ghrelin treatment attenuates disruption of the blood brain barrier and apoptosis after traumatic brain injury through a UCP-2 mechanism.

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Ghrelin suppresses tunicamycin- or thapsigargin-triggered endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis in primary cultured rat cortical neuronal cells

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Ghrelin protects spinal cord motoneurons against chronic glutamate-induced excitotoxicity via ERK1/2 and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/Akt/glycogen synthase kinase-3β pathways

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Ghrelin Protects Spinal Cord Motoneurons Against Chronic Glutamate Excitotoxicity by Inhibiting Microglial Activation

Lee, S., Kim, Y., Li, E., & Park, S. (2012) · Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology · doi:10.4196/kjpp.2012.16.1.43 · Cited by 41 · see citing works

In Situ Localization and Rhythmic Expression of Ghrelin and ghs-r1 Ghrelin Receptor in the Brain and Gastrointestinal Tract of Goldfish (Carassius auratus)

Sánchez‐Bretaño, A., Blanco, A. M., Unniappan, S., Kah, O., Gueguen, M.-M., Bertucci, J. I., Alonso-Gómez, A. L., Valenciano, A. I., Isorna, E., & Delgado, M. J. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0141043 · Cited by 41 · see citing works

Effects of Ghrelin on the Proteolytic Pathways of Alzheimer’s Disease Neuronal Cells

Cecarini, V., Bonfili, L., Cuccioloni, M., Keller, J., Bruce-Keller, A., & Eleuteri, A. (2016) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-015-9227-x · Cited by 40 · see citing works

Ghrelin stimulates proliferation, migration and differentiation of neural progenitors from the subventricular zone in the adult mice

Li, E., Kim, Y., Kim, S., Sato, T., Kojima, M., & Park, S. (2013) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2013.11.021 · Cited by 40 · see citing works

Effect of reducing hypothalamic ghrelin receptor gene expression on energy balance

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The Role of Ghrelin in Neuroprotection after Ischemic Brain Injury

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Hormonal regulators of food intake and weight gain in Parkinson's disease after subthalamic nucleus stimulation.

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Ghrelin-induced hippocampal neurogenesis and enhancement of cognitive function are mediated independently of GH/IGF-1 axis: lessons from the spontaneous dwarf rats.

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Acute Effect of Ghrelin on Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in the Rat Spinal Cord

Zhang, Q., Huang, C., Meng, B., Tang, T., Shi, Q., & Yang, H. (2012) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms13089864 · Cited by 37 · see citing works

Ghrelin Inhibits Oligodendrocyte Cell Death by Attenuating Microglial Activation

Lee, J. Y., & Yune, T. Y. (2014) · Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.3803/enm.2014.29.3.371 · Cited by 37 · see citing works

Ghrelin and the growth hormone secretagogue receptor in growth and development

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Neural correlates of plasma acylated ghrelin level in individuals with major depressive disorder

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Ghrelin and des-acyl ghrelin inhibit aromatase expression and activity in human adipose stromal cells: suppression of cAMP as a possible mechanism

Docanto, M. M., Yang, F., Callaghan, B. P., Au, C. C., Ragavan, R., Wang, X., Furness, J. B., Andrews, Z. B., & Brown, K. A. (2014) · Breast Cancer Research and Treatment · doi:10.1007/s10549-014-3060-1 · Cited by 34 · see citing works

Ghrelin accelerates synapse formation and activity development in cultured cortical networks

Stoyanova, I. I., & le Feber, J. (2014) · BMC Neuroscience · doi:10.1186/1471-2202-15-49 · Cited by 33 · see citing works

Ethanol affects acylated and total ghrelin levels in peripheral blood of alcohol-dependent rats

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Ghrelin Attenuates Brain Injury after Traumatic Brain Injury and Uncontrolled Hemorrhagic Shock in Rats

Qi, L., Cui, X.-X., Dong, W., Barrera, R., Nicastro, J. M., Coppa, G., Wang, P., & Wu, R.-Q. (2012) · Molecular Medicine · doi:10.2119/molmed.2011.00390 · Cited by 33 · see citing works

Ghrelin-deficient mice have fewer orexin cells and reduced cFOS expression in the mesolimbic dopamine pathway under a restricted feeding paradigm

Lamont, E. W., Patterson, Z. R., Rodrigues, T., Vallejos, O., Blum, I. D., & Abizaid, A. B. (2012) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.05.046 · Cited by 32 · see citing works

Ghrelin O Acyl Transferase (GOAT) as a Novel Metabolic Regulatory Enzyme

Khatib, M. N. (2015) · JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH · doi:10.7860/jcdr/2015/9787.5514 · Cited by 32 · see citing works

Altering leukocyte recruitment following traumatic brain injury with ghrelin therapy

Lee, J., Costantini, T. W., D’Mello, R., Eliceiri, B. P., Coimbra, R. S. M., & Bansal, V. (2014) · The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care · doi:10.1097/ta.0000000000000445 · Cited by 31 · see citing works

Growth hormone and ghrelin secretion are associated with clinical severity in Huntington’s disease

Aziz, N. A., Pijl, H., Frölich, M. A., der Elst, J. P. S.-V., van der Bent, C., Roelfsema, F., & Roos, R. A. C. (2009) · European Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1111/j.1468-1331.2009.02798.x · Cited by 31 · see citing works

Immunolocalisation of ghrelin and obestatin in human testis, seminal vesicles, prostate and spermatozoa

Moretti, E., Vindigni, C., Tripodi, S. A., Mazzi, L., Nuti, R., Figura, N., & Collodel, G. (2013) · Andrologia · doi:10.1111/and.12183 · Cited by 31 · see citing works

Ghrelin Protects Rats Against Traumatic Brain Injury and Hemorrhagic Shock Through Upregulation of UCP2

Qi, L., Cui, X., Dong, W., Barrera, R., Coppa, G. F., Wang, P., & Wu, R. (2014) · Annals of Surgery · doi:10.1097/sla.0000000000000328 · Cited by 29 · see citing works

Ghrelin and the Brain-gut Axis as a Pharmacological Target for Appetite Control

Seim, I., El‐Salhy, M., Hausken, T., Gundersen, D., & Chopin, L. K. (2012) · Current Pharmaceutical Design · doi:10.2174/138161212799277806 · Cited by 28 · see citing works

Ghrelin and Obestatin Levels in Children With Failure to Thrive and Obesity

Wali, P. D., King, J., He, Z., Tonb, D., & Horváth, K. (2013) · Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition · doi:10.1097/mpg.0000000000000223 · Cited by 27 · see citing works

Importance of the gut–brain axis in the control of glucose homeostasis

Migrenne, S., Marsollier, N., Cruciani‐Guglielmacci, C., & Magnan, C. (2006) · Current Opinion in Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.coph.2006.08.004 · Cited by 26 · see citing works

Genetic Association between Ghrelin Polymorphisms and Alzheimer’s Disease in a Japanese Population

Shibata, N., Ohnuma, T., Kuerban, B., Komatsu, M., & Arai, H. (2011) · Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders · doi:10.1159/000333075 · Cited by 25 · see citing works

Endogenous ghrelin's role in hippocampal neuroprotection after global cerebral ischemia: does endogenous ghrelin protect against global stroke?

Kenny, R., Cai, G., Bayliss, J., Clarke, M., Choo, Y. L., Miller, A. A., Andrews, Z., & Spencer, S. (2013) · American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00594.2012 · Cited by 25 · see citing works

Ghrelin O-acyltransferase knockout mice show resistance to obesity when fed high-sucrose diet

Kouno, T., Akiyama, N., Ito, T., Okuda, T., Nanchi, I., Notoya, M., Oka, S., & Yukioka, H. (2015) · Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/joe-15-0330 · Cited by 25 · see citing works

Gastric motility in ghrelin receptor knockout mice

Yang, C.-G., Wang, W., Si, Y. J., Fei, J., Wang, Z., & Zheng, Q. (2012) · Molecular Medicine Reports · doi:10.3892/mmr.2012.1157 · Cited by 24 · see citing works

Daily Exposure to Sucrose Impairs Subsequent Learning About Food Cues: A Role for Alterations in Ghrelin Signaling and Dopamine D2 Receptors

Sharpe, M. J., Clemens, K. J., Morris, M. J., & Westbrook, R. F. (2015) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2015.287 · Cited by 24 · see citing works

Regulation of AMP-activated Protein Kinase Signaling by AFF4 Protein, Member of AF4 (ALL1-fused Gene from Chromosome 4) Family of Transcription Factors, in Hypothalamic Neurons

Komori, T., Doi, A., Nosaka, T., Furuta, H., Akamizu, T., Kitamura, T., Senba, E., & Morikawa, Y. (2012) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m112.367854 · Cited by 23 · see citing works

Ghrelin stimulates synaptic formation in cultured cortical networks in a dose-dependent manner

Stoyanova, I. I., le Feber, J., & Rutten, W. L. C. (2013) · Regulatory Peptides · doi:10.1016/j.regpep.2013.07.004 · Cited by 23 · see citing works

Blocking the ghrelin receptor type 1a in the rat brain impairs memory encoding

Beheshti, S., & Shahrokhi, S. (2015) · Neuropeptides · doi:10.1016/j.npep.2015.05.003 · Cited by 21 · see citing works

Letters to the Editor

Corcuff, J., Krim, E., Tison, F., Foubert‐Samier, A., Guehl, D., Burbaud, P., Cuny, E., Baillet, L., Gin, H., Rigalleau, V., et al. (2006) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1079/bjn20051678 · Cited by 19 · see citing works

AMPK activity is down-regulated in endothelial cells of GHS-R(-/-) mice.

Zhang, M., Fang, W., Qu, X., Yuan, F., Wang, W., Fei, J., & Wang, Z. (2013) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 18 · see citing works

Role of α- and β-Synucleins in the Axonal Pathology of Parkinson’s Disease and Related Synucleinopathies

Sekigawa, A., Takamatsu, Y., Sekiyama, K., & Hashimoto, M. (2015) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom5021000 · Cited by 14 · see citing works

Ghrelin—a new player in glucose homeostasis?

Ahima, R. S. (2006) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2006.04.006 · Cited by 13 · see citing works

Expression of ghrelin and GHSR-1a in mammary glands of dairy goat during the lactation and the effects of gherlin on regulation of mammary function in vitro

Zhang, W., Yu, G., Huang, Y., Xu, D., Ren, J., Jiang, L., Wu, C., & Tong, D. (2013) · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.mce.2013.02.008 · Cited by 13 · see citing works

Quantification of Ghrelin and Des-Acyl Ghrelin in Human Plasma by Using Cubic-Selected Reaction-Monitoring LCMS

Sidibé, J., Varesio, E., & Gérard Hopfgartner, D. (2014) · Bioanalysis · doi:10.4155/bio.14.108 · Cited by 12 · see citing works

PGC-1α expression in murine AgRP neurons regulates food intake and energy balance

Gill, J. F., Delezie, J., Santos, G., & Handschin, C. (2016) · Molecular Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.molmet.2016.05.008 · Cited by 12 · see citing works

Down-regulation of ghrelin receptors in the small intestine delays small intestinal transit in vagotomized rats

Zheng, Q. (2011) · Molecular Medicine Reports · doi:10.3892/mmr.2011.571 · Cited by 10 · see citing works

Ghrelin protects spinal cord motoneurons against chronic glutamate-induced excitotoxicity via ERK1/2 and phosphatidyl-3-kinase/Akt/glycogen synthase kinase-3beta pathways

Kim, Y., Lim, E., Lee, S., Li, E., & Park, S. (2011) · Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1016/j.neures.2011.07.1063 · Cited by 9 · see citing works

Des-acyl-ghrelin (DAG) normalizes hyperlactacidemia and improves survival in a lethal rat model of burn trauma

Sheriff, S., Kadeer, N., Friend, L. A., James, J. H., Alexander, J. W., & Balasubramaniam, A. (2014) · Peptides · doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2014.07.010 · Cited by 9 · see citing works

Rat prefrontal dopamine and cognitive control: Impaired and enhanced conflict performance.

Haddon, J. E., & Killcross, S. (2011) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037/a0023572 · Cited by 9 · see citing works

Effect of immobilization stress on the appetite and stomach ghrelin expression in maternal mice.

Li, B., Xu, Y., Pan, D., Xiao, Q., Gao, Q., Chen, X., Peng, X., Du, Y., & Gao, P. (2015) · PubMed Central · Cited by 9 · see citing works

Urinary tract infection during pregnancy affects the level of leptin, ghrelin and insulin in maternal and placental blood

Piątek, J., Gibas-Dorna, M., Budzynski, W., Krauss, H., Marzec, E., Olszewski, J., & Żukiewicz-Sobczak, W. A. (2013) · Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation · doi:10.3109/00365513.2013.862848 · Cited by 7 · see citing works

Transforming Professional Development Into Student Results

Reeves, D. B. (2010) · Cited by 191 · see citing works

Neuropeptides Exert Neuroprotective Effects in Alzheimer's Disease

Chen, X., Du, Y., & Chen, L. (2019) · Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnmol.2018.00493 · Cited by 131 · see citing works

Physiological Effect of Ghrelin on Body Systems

Akalu, Y., Molla, M., Dessie, G., & Ayelign, B. (2020) · International Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1155/2020/1385138 · Cited by 115 · see citing works

Ghrelin attenuates oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis via GHSR-1α/AMPK/Sirt1/PGC-1α/UCP2 pathway in a rat model of neonatal HIE

Huang, J., Liu, W., Doycheva, D., Gamdzyk, M., Lu, W.-T., Tang, J.-P., & Zhang, J. H. (2019) · Free Radical Biology & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.07.001 · Cited by 111 · see citing works

Assessments of plasma ghrelin levels in the early stages of Parkinson's disease

Song, N., Wang, W., Jia, F., Du, X., Xie, A., He, Q., Shen, X., Zhang, J., Rogers, J. T., Xie, J., et al. (2017) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.27095 · Cited by 67 · see citing works

Ghrelin Attenuates Neuroinflammation and Demyelination in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Involving NLRP3 Inflammasome Signaling Pathway and Pyroptosis

Liu, F., Li, Z.-J., He, X., Yu, H.-Y., & Feng, J. (2019) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2019.01320 · Cited by 65 · see citing works

Ghrelin alleviates traumatic brain injury-induced acute lung injury through pyroptosis/NF-κB pathway

Shao, X., Li, B., Shen, J., Wang, Q., Chen, S., Jiang, X., & Qiang, D. (2020) · International Immunopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2019.106175 · Cited by 63 · see citing works

Potential role of ghrelin in the regulation of inflammation

Ma, Y.-X., Zhang, H., Guo, W., & Yu, L. (2022) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.202200634r · Cited by 51 · see citing works

The Emerging Role of Neuropeptides in Parkinson’s Disease

Zheng, Y., Zhang, L., Xie, J., & Shi, L. (2021) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2021.646726 · Cited by 54 · see citing works

The Good, the Bad and the Unknown Aspects of Ghrelin in Stress Coping and Stress-Related Psychiatric Disorders

Fritz, E. M., Singewald, N., & Bundel, D. D. (2020) · Frontiers in Synaptic Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnsyn.2020.594484 · Cited by 42 · see citing works

A new understanding of GHSR1a——independent of ghrelin activation

Xiao, X., Bi, M., Jiao, Q., Chen, X., Du, X., & Jiang, H. F. (2020) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2020.101187 · Cited by 38 · see citing works

Ghrelin ameliorates A549 cell apoptosis caused by paraquat via p38-MAPK regulated mitochondrial apoptotic pathway

Cui, S., Nian, Q., Chen, G., Wang, X., Zhang, J., Qiu, J.-Q., & Zhang, Z. (2019) · Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.tox.2019.152267 · Cited by 37 · see citing works

A highly effective and stable butyrylcholinesterase inhibitor with multi-faceted neuroprotection and cognition improvement

Li, Q., Xiong, B., Wang, Y., Lyu, W., Xing, S., Chen, Y., Liao, Q., He, S., Feng, F., Liu, W., et al. (2022) · European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114510 · Cited by 35 · see citing works

Ghrelin and autophagy

Ezquerro, S., Frühbeck, G., & Rodrı́guez, A. (2017) · Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care · doi:10.1097/mco.0000000000000390 · Cited by 35 · see citing works

Therapeutic Prospect of New Probiotics in Neurodegenerative Diseases

Bi, M., Liu, C., Wang, Y., & Liu, S. (2023) · Microorganisms · doi:10.3390/microorganisms11061527 · Cited by 34 · see citing works

Ghrelin promotes midbrain neural stem cells differentiation to dopaminergic neurons through Wnt/β‐catenin pathway

Gong, B., Jiao, L., Du, X., Li, Y., Bi, M., Jiao, Q., & Jiang, H. (2020) · Journal of Cellular Physiology · doi:10.1002/jcp.29699 · Cited by 29 · see citing works

Gastrointestinal hormones in regulation of memory

Mandal, A., Prabhavalkar, K. S., & Bhatt, L. K. (2018) · Peptides · doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2018.02.003 · Cited by 29 · see citing works

Relationships between Ghrelin and Obestatin with MDA, Proinflammatory Cytokines, GSH/GSSG Ratio, Catalase Activity, and Semen Parameters in Infertile Patients with Leukocytospermia and Varicocele

Micheli, L., Collodel, G., Cerretani, D., Menchiari, A., Noto, D., Signorini, C., & Moretti, E. (2019) · Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity · doi:10.1155/2019/7261842 · Cited by 29 · see citing works

A Narrative Review of Current and Emerging Trends in the Treatment of Alcohol Use Disorder

Celik, M., Gold, M. S., & Fuehrlein, B. (2024) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci14030294 · Cited by 25 · see citing works

Involvement of Astrocytes in Mediating the Central Effects of Ghrelin

Frago, L. M., & Chowen, J. A. (2017) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms18030536 · Cited by 24 · see citing works

Pharmacological manipulation of the ghrelin system and alcohol hangover symptoms in heavy drinking individuals: Is there a link?

Farokhnia, M., Lee, M. R., Farinelli, L., Ramchandani, V., Akhlaghi, F., & Leggio, L. (2018) · Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2018.07.004 · Cited by 18 · see citing works

Effects of exogenous ghrelin administration and ghrelin receptor blockade, in combination with alcohol, on peripheral inflammatory markers in heavy-drinking individuals: Results from two human laboratory studies

Farokhnia, M., Portelli, J., Lee, M. R., McDiarmid, G. R., Munjal, V., Abshire, K. M., Battista, J. T., Browning, B. D., Deschaine, S. L., Akhlaghi, F., et al. (2020) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2020.146851 · Cited by 17 · see citing works

Does gut brain axis has an impact on Parkinson’s disease (PD)?

Elangovan, A., Dahiya, B., Kirola, L., Iyer, M., Jeeth, P., Maharaj, S., Kumari, N., Lakhanpal, V., Michel, T. M., Rao, K. R. S. S., et al. (2023) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2023.102171 · Cited by 22 · see citing works

Early low-dose ghrelin intervention via miniosmotic pumps could protect against the progressive dopaminergic neuron loss in Parkinson's disease mice

Jiao, L., Du, X., Jia, F., Li, Y., Zhu, D., Tang, T., Jiao, Q., & Jiang, H. (2021) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2021.01.011 · Cited by 19 · see citing works

Review of triazole scaffolds for treatment and diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease

Li, Q., Qi, S., Liang, J., Tian, Y., He, S., Liao, Q., Xing, S., Han, L., & Chen, X. (2023) · Chemico-Biological Interactions · doi:10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110623 · Cited by 18 · see citing works

“Sibling” battle or harmony: Crosstalk between nesfatin-1 and ghrelin

Chen, X., Dong, J., Jiao, Q., Du, X., Bi, M., & Jiang, H. (2022) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s00018-022-04193-6 · Cited by 17 · see citing works

Ghrelin promotes neural differentiation of adipose tissue‐derived mesenchymal stem cell via AKT/mTOR and β‐catenin signaling pathways

Liu, G., Pan, Y., Liu, Y., Hu, J., Zhang, X., Zhang, D., Wang, Y., Feng, Y., Yu, J., & Cheng, Y. (2020) · The Kaohsiung Journal of Medical Sciences · doi:10.1002/kjm2.12188 · Cited by 17 · see citing works

Ghrelin system in Alzheimer's disease

Tian, J., Wang, T., & Du, H. (2022) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.conb.2022.102655 · Cited by 17 · see citing works

Neuroprotective effect of ghrelin in methamphetamine-treated male rats.

Fallahi, S., Babri, S., Farajdokht, F., Ghiasi, R., Zangbar, H. S., Karimi, P., & Mohaddes, G. (2019) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134304 · Cited by 12 · see citing works

Astragaloside IV-mediated inhibition of oxidative stress by upregulation of ghrelin in type 2 diabetes–induced cognitive impairment

Zhang, R., Cao, S., Shi, Y., Wang, X., Shi, L., Zhang, Y., Han, C., Wang, B., Feng, L., & Liu, J.-P. (2023) · Naunyn-Schmiedeberg s Archives of Pharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00210-023-02486-6 · Cited by 12 · see citing works

Protective effects of ghrelin on brain mitochondria after cardiac arrest and resuscitation

Xu, H., Li, Y., Liu, R., Wu, L., Zhang, C., Ding, N., Ma, A., Zhang, J., & Xie, X. (2019) · Neuropeptides · doi:10.1016/j.npep.2019.05.007 · Cited by 12 · see citing works

Ghrelin peptide improves glial conditioned medium effects on neuronal differentiation of human adipose mesenchymal stem cells

Russo, C., Mannino, G., Patanè, M., Parrinello, N., Pellitteri, R., Stanzani, S., Giuffrida, R., Furno, D. L., & Russo, A. (2021) · Histochemistry and Cell Biology · doi:10.1007/s00418-021-01980-3 · Cited by 12 · see citing works

Beyond weight loss: exploring the neurological ramifications of altered gut microbiota post-bariatric surgery

Almheiri, R. T., Hajjar, B. M., Alkhaaldi, S. M. I., Rabeh, N., Aljoudi, S., Abd‐Elrahman, K. S., & Hamdan, H. (2025) · Journal of Translational Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12967-025-06201-2 · Cited by 12 · see citing works

Effect of Chinese Herbal Medicine Mixture 919 Syrup on Regulation of the Ghrelin Pathway and Intestinal Microbiota in Rats With Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Chen, M., Xing, J.-W., Pan, D., & Gao, P. (2021) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2021.793854 · Cited by 10 · see citing works

The Pathologic Roles and Therapeutic Implications of Ghrelin/GHSR System in Mental Disorders

Mao, Q., Wang, J., Yang, Z., Ding, R., Lv, S.-Y., & Ji, X.-Y. (2024) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1155/2024/5537319 · Cited by 10 · see citing works

Microfabricated Neural Biosensors for Detection of Neurotransmitters, Biomarkers, and Small Molecules: Emerging Trends on Self‐Sustained Systems and Energy Harvesting

Mariello, M. (2026) · Advanced Sensor Research · doi:10.1002/adsr.202500111 · Cited by 9 · see citing works

Ghrelin ameliorates diabetes-associated behavioral deficits and NLRP3 inflammasome activation via autophagic flux enhancement

Han, W., Cui, C., Zhang, H., Guo, Y., Xie, D., Zhang, W., Wang, C., Yang, M., & Jiang, P. (2022) · Pharmacological Research · doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106224 · Cited by 8 · see citing works

Biomarkers of vascular cognitive impairment

Zimnitskaya, O. V., Mozheyko, E. Y., & Петрова, М. М. (2021) · CARDIOVASCULAR THERAPY AND PREVENTION · doi:10.15829/1728-8800-2021-2677 · Cited by 8 · see citing works

Potential Applications for Growth Hormone Secretagogues Treatment of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Meanti, R., Bresciani, E., Rizzi, L., Coco, S., Zambelli, V., Dimitroulas, A., Molteni, L., Omeljaniuk, R. J., Locatelli, V., & Torsello, A. (2022) · Current Neuropharmacology · doi:10.2174/1570159x20666220915103613 · Cited by 7 · see citing works

Neuroprotective effects of ghrelin in cuprizone-induced rat model of multiple sclerosis

Oruk, S., Erkeç, Ö. E., Huyut, Z., & Açıkgöz, E. (2025) · Metabolic Brain Disease · doi:10.1007/s11011-025-01603-z · Cited by 6 · see citing works

Effects of Ghrelin on Olfactory Ensheathing Cell Viability and Neural Marker Expression

Russo, C., Patanè, M., Russo, A., Stanzani, S., & Pellitteri, R. (2020) · Journal of Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s12031-020-01716-3 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

Ghrelin inhibits early brain injury due to subarachnoid hemorrhage via the Tim-3-mediated HMGB1/NF-κB pathway

Qiu, J., Guo, L., Li, W., Wang, L., & Tong, L. (2022) · Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy · doi:10.1016/j.jchemneu.2022.102138 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

Ghrelin Reduces A-Type Potassium Currents in Dopaminergic Nigral Neurons via the PLC/PKCδ Pathway

Xue, B., Li, C., Chang, X., Jiang, H. F., Shi, L., & Xie, J. (2020) · Neuroscience Bulletin · doi:10.1007/s12264-020-00508-4 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

Evaluating the impact of metabolic and cognitive stress on ghrelin and nesfatin‐1 hormones in patients with diabetes and diabetic depression

Algül, Ş., & Özçelik, O. (2024) · Stress and Health · doi:10.1002/smi.3435 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Exploring causal relationship of traumatic brain injury and comorbidities: A Mendelian randomization study

Zhang, X., Wu, W., Mao, Y., Cheng, J., Zhou, Z., Tang, Y., Zhao, Q., & Yan, H. M. (2024) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease Reports · doi:10.1177/25424823241304393 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Ghrelin-based interventions in preclinical models of Parkinson’s disease: a systematic review

Gouveia, H. J. C. B., dos Santos, O. H., Frasnelli, J., Fisette, A., dos Santos, J. P., Araújo, M. A. D. S., da Silva‐Araújo, E. R., Toscano, A. E., & de Castro, R. M. (2026) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2026.150187 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Activation of bitter taste receptors (TAS2R) protects against rotenone-induced neurotoxicity: Could ghrelin have a role?

Hewedy, W. A., & Darwish, I. E. (2024) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176802 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Diet, brain, and mental health

Melaku, Y. A., Mekonnen, T. C., Abebe, Z., & Shi, Z. (2026) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-33841-0.00018-x · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Lack of cortistatin drives neuroimmune and vascular dysfunction in brain ischemia

Castillo-González, J., Vargas-Rodríguez, P., Serrano-Martínez, I., Cuenca-Martagón, A., Forte‐Lago, I., Price, M., Buscemi, L., Hirt, L., Ruiz, J. L., & González‐Rey, E. (2026) · Journal of Biomedical Science · doi:10.1186/s12929-026-01271-w · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Dysregulated Peripheral Metabolism in Neurodegenerative Disorders

Sharma, K., & Tapadia, M. G. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-97-4288-2_7 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Involvement of Median Septum Region in Ghrelin Effects on Morphine-Induced Memory Impairment in Passive Avoidance Learning

Shafieifar, M., Darbandi, N., & Nazari-Serenjeh, F. (2019) · DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Study of the effects of the ghrelin-associated peptide obestatin on stress-related behaviors

Szakács, J. (2017) · doi:10.14232/phd.4020 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Ghrelin Levels in Elderly, Diabetic Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment

Górska-Ciebiada, M., Cypryk, K., Borkowska, A., Loba, M., Łokieć, K., & Ciebiada, M. (2018) · Neuropsychiatry · doi:10.4172/neuropsychiatry.1000445

Characterisation of the ghrelinergic system in human models of neurodegenerative diseases

Carisi, M. C. (2021) · doi:10.23889/suthesis.58915

Research Progress of Correlation between Parkinson’s Disease and Ghrelin and Leptin

Liu, J.-G. (2024) · Advances in Clinical Medicine · doi:10.12677/acm.2024.141278

MR GENTLE—multicentre randomised controlled trial of ghrelin in anterior circulation ischaemic stroke treated with endovascular thrombectomy: a phase 2 trial

Omes, Q. P. M., van der Veen, D., Kersten, C. J. B. A., Arntz, R. M., Filius, P. M. G., van den Wijngaard, I. R., van der Worp, H. B., & Hofmeijer, J. (2026) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-026-09426-8

Bitter Compounds as Multifunctional Agents against Diabetes-associated Cognitive Dysfunction: Bridging Metabolic Regulation and Neuroprotection

Wu, H., He, L., & Li, D. (2026) · Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.2174/0113895575414424251128113543

Role of the gut-brain axis in early stress-induced emotional vulnerability

Rincel, M. (2017) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/5e8a972cz9ad1z42aezb89cze6474124ef90

Prophylactic Effects of Ghrelin on Behavioral and Biochemical Outcomes in Male Mice Exposed to Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation

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