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Cited by 12Thermoregulation and physiological responsesCardiovascular and exercise physiologySports Performance and Training

Sex difference in initial thermoregulatory response to dehydrated exercise in the heat

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Giersch, Gabrielle E. W., Morrissey, Margaret C., Butler, Cody R., Colburn, Abigail T., Demarais, Zachariah S., Kavouras, Stavros A., Jay, Ollie, Charkoudian, Nisha +1 more·2021·Physiological Reports
DOI 10.14814/phy2.14947PMC PMC8290474
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Abstract

Although it is well established that dehydration has a negative impact on thermoregulation during exercise in the heat, it is unclear whether this effect of dehydration is different between men and women, or across the phases of the menstrual cycle (MC). Twelve men and seven women (men: 20 ± 2 years, 70.13 ± 10.5 kg, 173.4 ± 6.0 cm, 54.2 ± 8.6 ml kg−1 min−1; women: 20 ± 2 years, 57.21 ± 7.58 kg, 161 ± 5 cm, 40.39 ± 3.26 ml kg−1 min−1) completed trials either euhydrated (urine specific gravity, USG ≤ 1.020, Euhy) or dehydrated (USG > 1.020, Dehy). Trial order was randomized and counterbalanced; men completed two trials (MEuhy and MDehy) and women completed four over two MC phases (late follicular: days 10–13, FDehy, FEuhy; midluteal: days 18–22, LDehy, LEuhy). Each trial consisted of 1.5 h, split into two 30 min blocks of exercise (B1 and B2, 15 min at 11 W/kg & 15 min at 7 W/kg) separated by 15 min rest in between and after. Rectal temperature (Tre) was measured continuously and estimated sweat loss was calculated from the body mass measured before and after each block of exercise. When dehydrated, the rate of rise in Tre was greater in women in the first block of exercise compared to men, independently of the MC phase (MDehy: 0.03 ± 0.03°C/min, FDehy: 0.06 ± 0.02, LDehy: 0.06 ± 0.02, p = 0.03). Estimated sweat loss was lower in all groups in B1 compared to B2 when dehydrated (p < 0.05), with no difference between sexes for either hydration condition. These data suggest that women may be more sensitive to the negative thermoregulatory effects of dehydration during the early stages of exercise in the heat.

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  • With less total body water and blood volume in conjunction with a lower proportion of total body water distributed to the extracellular compartment, as compared to males, females have less absolute and relative fluid available to lose via sweating making the physiological consequences of fluid loss more severe.

    “Thus, with less total body water and blood volume in conjunction with a lower proportion of total body water [274] distributed to the extracellular compartment, as compared to males, females have less absolute and relative fluid available to lose via sweating making the physiological consequences of fluid loss more severe [45].”

    From International society of sports nutrition position stand: nutritional concerns of the female athlete (2023) · cites this paper as [45]

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Authors
Giersch, G. E. W., Morrissey, M. C., Butler, C. R., Colburn, A. T., Demarais, Z. S., Kavouras, S. A., Jay, O., Charkoudian, N., & Casa, D. J.
Affiliations
  • U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (US)
  • University of Connecticut (US)
  • Arizona State University (US)
  • The University of Sydney (AU)
Corresponding author
Giersch, Gabrielle E. W.
ORCID
Venue
Physiological Reports
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2021-07
Volume
9
Issue
14
Pages
e14947-e14947
ISSN
2051-817X (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.14814/phy2.14947
PMC
PMC8290474
OpenAlex
W3185929040
Cited by
11
References
44
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 2
FWCI
1.10
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Physiological Reports (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Thermoregulation and physiological responses
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
Keywords
sex differences, dehydration, thermoregulation, exercise in the heat, menstrual cycle, rectal temperature, sweat loss, urine specific gravity, women
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Body Temperature, Body Temperature Regulation, Dehydration, Female, Hot Temperature, Humans, Male, Sex Characteristics, Sweating, Exercise, Young Adult

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