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Smartphones, social media use and youth mental health
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KEY POINTS In the last decade, increasing mental distress and treatment for mental health conditions among youth in North America has paralleled a steep rise in the use of smartphones and social media by children and adolescents. In Ontario, the proportion of teenagers reporting moderate to serious
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“In addition, several reviews used a broad and sometimes even boundless (operational) definition of mental health, which led to the inclusion of a multitude of outcomes, including marihuana use, identity development, social support, (cyber)bullying, and/or academic performance [22,23,27,30].”
From Social media use and its impact on adolescent mental health: An umbrella review of the evidence. (2022) · cites this paper as [30]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“However, some reviews were less nuanced in their conclusions and used qualifications of the effect sizes such as 'substantial,' 'detrimental,' and 'deleterious' [25,30,38].”
From Social media use and its impact on adolescent mental health: An umbrella review of the evidence. (2022) · cites this paper as [30]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Results showed that most reviews interpreted the associations between social media use and mental health as 'weak' or 'inconsistent,' whereas a few qualified the same associations as 'substantial' and 'deleterious.'”
From Social media use and its impact on adolescent mental health: An umbrella review of the evidence. (2022) · cites this paper as [30]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Although the majority of the reviews concluded that the reported associations of SMU with mental health were small to moderate, some others interpreted these associations as serious [30], substantial [48] or detrimental [25].”
From Social media use and its impact on adolescent mental health: An umbrella review of the evidence. (2022) · cites this paper as [30]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Los datos confirman un consumo adictivo del teléfono móvil en los jóvenes ( Han ; Kim , 2019; Rather ; Rather , 2019; Abi-Jaoude , Treurnicht-Naylor ; Pignatiello , 2020) que conduce a diversas patologías.”
From Redes sociales y consumo digital en jóvenes universitarios: economía de la atención y oligopolios de la comunicación en el siglo XXI (2020) · cites this paper as Abi-Jaoude, Treurnicht-Naylor; Pignatiello, 2020
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In the citing paper
“For example, time spent on SNS is associated with higher levels of depression [17], whereas emotional connectedness to SNS ('intensity of use') [15] and the number of friends on SNS [16] are unrelated to depression.”
From Social media use and its impact on adolescent mental health: An umbrella review of the evidence. (2022) · cites this paper as [16]
In the citing paper
“However, recent studies have shown that the intensity of online activity is negatively associated with subjective well-being (37).”
From Effects of Short Video Addiction on the Motivation and Well-Being of Chinese Vocational College Students (2022) · cites this paper as [37]
In the citing paper
“and that the subjective well-being of individuals who use online activities intensely may be affected (7, 37).”
From Effects of Short Video Addiction on the Motivation and Well-Being of Chinese Vocational College Students (2022) · cites this paper as [37]
In the citing paper
“Several studies have found that addiction may negatively affect users' wellbeing”
From Effects of Short Video Addiction on the Motivation and Well-Being of Chinese Vocational College Students (2022) · cites this paper as [37]
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Biddle, L., Rifkin-Zybutz, R. P., Derges, J., Turner, N., Bould, H., Sedgewick, F., Gooberman-Hill, R., Moran, P., & Linton, M.-J. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.20341662
Stamer, T., Traulsen, P., Rieken, J., Schmahl, T., Menrath, I., & Steinhäuser, J. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.27059117
People trust podcasts more than social media. But is the trust warranted?
Weismueller, J. (2025) · doi:10.64628/aa.rwtm5vkax
Let’s Talk AI with Computer Science Expert Falk Howar
Howar, F. M., & Steffen, B. (2025) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-09008-9_27
Social Media use Among 9- to 11-Year-Old Children and School Principals’ Leadership Practices
Sanbrooks, J., & Brown, B. (2021) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/978-1-64802-657-720251005
AUTOIMAGEM, COMPARAÇÃO SOCIAL E AUTO-SABOTAGEM EM JOVENS ADULTOS: IMPACTOS DA ERA DIGITAL
Santos, F. F., Lima, L. M., Cavalcante, M. F. A. D. F., Ramos, G. P. O., Alves, L. C. S., & Oliveira, I. M. M. D. (2025) · Aracê. · doi:10.56238/arev7n12-161
Sukhija, V. J., Mancinelli, E., Guerra, R. D., & Salcuni, S. (2025) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0339975
“Moreover, the irony and attention seeking that was prevalent in the units categorized as Sar-casm and Self-Deprecation seemed to normalize and romanticize the act of self-harm, which prior literature has indicated could further promote self-harm behaviour [57].”
Challenging Case: “Digital Addiction” in a Neurodivergent Adolescent
Tariq, M., Genovese, A., & Augustyn, M. C. (2026) · Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics · doi:10.1097/dbp.0000000000001464
Xu, W., Guo, H., Jiang, K., Shi, H., Wang, S., Tang, X., Hu, Z., Man, M., Ruan, W., Geng, A., et al. (2026) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2026.1737730
“In recent years, the increase in NSSI among teenagers has coincided with a sharp increase in the use of online technologies, reliance on social media, and ownership of smartphones (10).”
Jisha, B., Muhammed Shibin, P., Sundareswaran, S., Parayaruthottam, P., LATHEEF, V., Mohanan, T. V. S., & Nair, P. S. (2026) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.105052
Time-dependent change of the sentimental process created by the early warning system in social media
Mengüç, K. (2026) · Journal of Emergency Management · doi:10.5055/jem.0950
Viralizar para implicar: redes sociales y alfabetización adolescente en salud mental
Lalueza, F., Encuentra, E. H., & Boixadós, M. (2026) · Revista Latina de Comunicación Social · doi:10.4185/rlcs-2026-2572
“…las redes sociales por parte de los adolescentes se ha vinculado a un incremento de sus problemas de salud mental, tanto desde el ámbito académico (Abi-Jaoude et al. , 2020; Aliverdi et al. , 2022; Blanchard et al. , 2023; Twenge et al. , 2020) como desde la perspectiva de diversas entidades…”
Lomas, T., Teubner, J. D., Ivey, R., Case, B. W., & Larrey, F. P. (2026) · Journal of Humanistic Psychology · doi:10.1177/00221678261426422
Social Media Perceptions in Transition-Aged Youth: A Qualitative Study
Niles, L. L., BARTLETT, R. L., Delaney, K. R., Bail, J., & Wedgeworth, M. L. (2026) · Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services · doi:10.3928/02793695-20260312-02
Adella, G. A., Gete, D. G., Hoque, Z., & Khanam, R. (2026) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-026-04407-7
“The use of social media has been linked to mental health problems among adolescents, including depressive symptoms, anxiety, self-harm, impulsivity, and hyperactivity [12].”
Alperen, A. V. C. I., & Kaya, İ. (2026) · Cyprus Turkish Journal of Psychiatry and Psychology · doi:10.35365/ctjpp.26.1.03
Huțul, T., Huțul, A., Antoniac, L.-D., Karner‐Huțuleac, A., & Oxana, P. (2026) · Japanese Psychological Research · doi:10.1111/jpr.70024
Adolescent mental health with a focus on depression traits: A cross-sectional study in Kochi, Kerala
Roy, A., Gopalan, N., Philip, N. E., Jangra, R., & Bhat, L. D. (2026) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-43986-5.00024-2
The Impact of Compulsive Instagram Use, News Overload, Anxiety and Depression on Cyber Aggression
Reinikainen, H., Nyrhinen, J., Frank, L., & Tuunanen, T. (2026) · Lecture notes in business information processing · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-18487-0_9
Vaginal Foreign Body Insertion in Adolescents Influenced by Social Media: A Three‐Case Report
Keikha, F., Homam, H., Shbeeb, H., Karimi, R., & Tarafdari, A. (2026) · Clinical Case Reports · doi:10.1002/ccr3.72360
“More broadly, clinicians should address the psychosocial context— including social media consumption—that may propel adolescents toward high-risk behaviors, consistent with emerging best practices in the literature [1, 2].”
InfluentialSoyer, M. K., & Karalı, F. B. (2026) · Türk Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi · doi:10.37217/tebd.1597035
Roberts, J., David, M. E., & Young, P. (2026) · Journal of Social Media Research · doi:10.29329/jsomer.105
A Hybrid Islamic Pedagogy Model for Generation Alpha Character Education in the Digital Era
Murdianto, Yorman, & Mat, A. C. (2025) · TARBIYA Journal of Education in Muslim Society · doi:10.15408/tjems.v12i2.51276
Ramachandran, N., Chellamuthu, L., Kasinathan, M., Udhayakumar, U., Kanagalingam, S., & Krishnakumar, Y. (2026) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-9422383/v1
Scale development and validation of social media mindfulness: evidence from Chinese Douyin users
Li, M., & Chen, H. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1660076
Applicant attraction in AI recruitment: The roles of warmth and competence
Magni, F., & Gong, Y. (2026) · Computers in Human Behavior Reports · doi:10.1016/j.chbr.2026.101169
Social Media Addiction and the FOMO-Fuelled Economy
Pandey, S. K., & Murari, U. K. (2026) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/979-8-3373-6665-4.ch007
Broadband Saves Lives: The Impact of Broadband on Youth Suicide Death Rates
Wang, P. (2026) · Journal of Information Economics · doi:10.58567/jie04010001
THE IMPACT OF INTERNET AND SOCIAL MEDIA USE ON PHYSICAL AND MENTAL HEALTH: A REVIEW
Endler, O., Czerniewska, J., Dutkiewicz, D., Fidelus, J., Filuk, M., Ciastoń, M., Madrzak, J., Jurkowska, K., Dybicz, M., & Handzel, M. (2026) · International Journal of Innovative Technologies in Social Science · doi:10.31435/ijitss.2(50).2026.5609
Beyond apps: a method to model full distributions of screen content over time to study media effects
Chi, Y., Cho, M.-J., Molaib, K. M., Sun, X., Robinson, T. N., Ram, N., & Reeves, B. B. (2026) · Communication Methods and Measures · doi:10.1080/19312458.2026.2697199
“Studies have examined the relationship between individuals’ psychological outcomes and their use of specific app categories, such as social media (Abi-Jaoude et al., 2020; Mulansky et al., 2023) and mobile games (Wang et al., 2019).”
Metadata
- Authors
- Abi-Jaoude, E., Naylor, K. T., & Pignatiello, A.
- Affiliations
- University Health Network (CA)
- Venue
- Canadian Medical Association Journal
- Publisher
- CMA Impact Inc.
- Published
- 2020-02-09
- Volume
- 192
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- E136-E141
- ISSN
- 0820-3946 (ISSN-L)
- 1488-2329
- PMC
- PMC7012622
- OpenAlex
- W3005199011
- Cited by
- 627
- References
- 58
- Citations by year
- 2026: 57 · 2025: 127 · 2024: 149 · 2023: 149 · 2022: 79 · 2021: 51 · 2020: 15
- FWCI
- 12.92
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Canadian Medical Association Journal (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- University of Toronto
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Impact of Technology on Adolescents
- Social Sciences › Education › Child Development and Digital Technology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Keywords
- smartphones, social media use, youth mental health, adolescents, psychological distress, psychotherapy
- MeSH terms
- Smartphone, Adolescent, Mental Disorders, Child, Humans, Mental Health, Social Media
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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