The Fate of Knowledge
Abstract
Preface and Acknowledgments ix Chapter One: Introduction: The Rational-Social Dichotomy 1 Chapter Two: Taking Social Studies of Science Seriously 11 Chapter Three: The Philosophers Respond 42 Chapter Four: Disassembling the Rational-Social Dichotomy 77 Chapter Five: Socializing Cognition 97 Chapter Six: Socializing Knowledge 124 Chapter Seven: Clarifications and Responses 145 Chapter Eight: Pluralism and Local Epistemolgies 175 Chapter Nine: Conclusion 203 References 215 Index 227
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Value judgments are required to set evidential thresholds, and if the agent is transparent about their judgment, consistently applies their threshold as new data emerges, and stays open to revising their stance, the resulting value-laden belief is unproblematic.
“Many philosophers of science hold that these value judgments are required to set evidential thresholds and if the agent is transparent about their judgment, consistently applies their threshold as new data emerges, and stays open to revising their stance, the resulting value-laden belief is unproblematic (e.g., Longino, 2002;Elliot & Richards, 2017).”
From Are Attributions of Consciousness to AI Chatbots Epistemically Innocent? (2026) · cites this paper as Longino, 2002
Cites
Still being checked.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Science Education in Three-Part Harmony: Balancing Conceptual, Epistemic, and Social Learning Goals
Duschl, R. A. (2008) · Review of Research in Education · doi:10.3102/0091732x07309371 · Cited by 1,078 · see citing works
Lee, C. J., Sugimoto, C. R., Zhang, G., & Cronin, B. (2013) · Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology · doi:10.1002/asi.22784 · Cited by 1,000 · see citing works
Handbook of Research on Learning and Instruction
Mayer, R. E., & Alexander, P. A. (2011) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203839089 · Cited by 938 · see citing works
Teaching Scientific Practices: Meeting the Challenge of Change
Osborne, J. F. (2014) · Journal of Science Teacher Education · doi:10.1007/s10972-014-9384-1 · Cited by 663 · see citing works
Reasoning in Organization Science
Mantere, S., & Ketokivi, M. A. (2012) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.5465/amr.2011.0188 · Cited by 603 · see citing works
An introduction to science and technology studies
(2004) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.41-3396 · Cited by 584 · see citing works
Democracy, sustainability and dialogic accounting technologies: Taking pluralism seriously
Brown, J. A. (2008) · Critical Perspectives on Accounting · doi:10.1016/j.cpa.2008.08.002 · Cited by 568 · see citing works
Epistemological Pluralism: Reorganizing Interdisciplinary Research
Miller, T. R., Baird, T. D., Littlefield, C. M., Kofinas, G., Chapin III, F. S., & Redman, C. L. (2008) · Ecology and Society · doi:10.5751/es-02671-130246 · Cited by 533 · see citing works
Entrepreneurship Education Research Revisited: The Case of Higher Education
Béchard, J., & Grégoire, D. A. (2005) · Academy of Management Learning and Education · doi:10.5465/amle.2005.16132536 · Cited by 423 · see citing works
Expanding the Dimensions of Epistemic Cognition: Arguments From Philosophy and Psychology
CHINN, C. A., BUCKLAND, L. A., & SAMARAPUNGAVAN, A. (2011) · Educational Psychologist · doi:10.1080/00461520.2011.587722 · Cited by 524 · see citing works
Disciplinary authority and accountability in scientific practice and learning
Ford, M. (2008) · Science Education · doi:10.1002/sce.20263 · Cited by 388 · see citing works
Statistical Inference as Severe Testing: How to Get Beyond the Statistics Wars
Mayo, D. G. (2018) · doi:10.1017/9781107286184 · Cited by 376 · see citing works
Two Views About Explicitly Teaching Nature of Science
Duschl, R. A., & Grandy, R. E. (2012) · Science & Education · doi:10.1007/s11191-012-9539-4 · Cited by 375 · see citing works
Code, L. B. (2006) · doi:10.1093/0195159438.001.0001 · Cited by 340 · see citing works
‘Nothing includes everything’: towards engaged pluralism in Anglophone economic geography
Barnes, T. J., & Sheppard, E. (2009) · Progress in Human Geography · doi:10.1177/0309132509343728 · Cited by 335 · see citing works
Feminist Epistemology and Philosophy of Science
Potter, E. (2008) · Blackwell Publishing Ltd eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470696132.ch13 · Cited by 330 · see citing works
25 Years of Feminist Empiricism and Standpoint Theory: Where Are We Now?
Intemann, K. (2010) · Hypatia · doi:10.1111/j.1527-2001.2010.01138.x · Cited by 331 · see citing works
Case study research with moderate constructionism: Conceptualization and practical illustration
Järvensivu, T., & Törnroos, J. (2009) · Industrial Marketing Management · doi:10.1016/j.indmarman.2008.05.005 · Cited by 323 · see citing works
Scientific research about climate change mitigation in transport: A critical review
Schwanen, T., Banister, D., & Anable, J. (2011) · Transportation Research Part A Policy and Practice · doi:10.1016/j.tra.2011.09.005 · Cited by 321 · see citing works
Chapter 1: Redefining Disciplinary Learning in Classroom Contexts
Ford, M. J., & Forman, E. A. (2006) · Review of Research in Education · doi:10.3102/0091732x030001001 · Cited by 318 · see citing works
Epistemic Practices of Engineering for Education
Cunningham, C. M., & Kelly, G. J. (2017) · Science Education · doi:10.1002/sce.21271 · Cited by 282 · see citing works
Bias and values in scientific research
Wilholt, T. (2009) · Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A · doi:10.1016/j.shpsa.2008.12.005 · Cited by 282 · see citing works
Epistemic Practices and Science Education
Kelly, G. J., & Licona, P. R. (2017) · Science: Philosophy, history and education · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-62616-1_5 · Cited by 272 · see citing works
In defence of the value free ideal
Betz, G. (2013) · European Journal for Philosophy of Science · doi:10.1007/s13194-012-0062-x · Cited by 260 · see citing works
Pathways to global city formation: a view from the developmental city-state of Singapore
Olds, K., & Yeung, H. W. (2004) · Review of International Political Economy · doi:10.1080/0969229042000252873 · Cited by 253 · see citing works
Trust in Science and the Science of Trust
Hendriks, F., Kienhues, D., & Bromme, R. (2016) · Progress in IS · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-28059-2_8 · Cited by 248 · see citing works
Multiple Perspectives on Engaging Future Engineers
Adams, R. S., Evangelou, D., English, L. D., de Figueiredo, A. D., Mousoulides, N. G., Pawley, A. L., Schiefellite, C., Stevens, R., Svinicki, M. D., Trenor, J. M., et al. (2011) · Journal of Engineering Education · doi:10.1002/j.2168-9830.2011.tb00004.x · Cited by 245 · see citing works
From scientific literacy to sustainability literacy: An ecological framework for education
Colucci‐Gray, L., Camino, E., Barbiero, G., & Gray, D. (2006) · Science Education · doi:10.1002/sce.20109 · Cited by 239 · see citing works
Qualitative marketing research: a cultural approach
(2006) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.44-1620 · Cited by 235 · see citing works
On the Goals of Epistemic Education: Promoting Apt Epistemic Performance
Barzilai, S., & Chinn, C. A. (2017) · Journal of the Learning Sciences · doi:10.1080/10508406.2017.1392968 · Cited by 250 · see citing works
Nonepistemic Values and the Multiple Goals of Science
Elliott, K. C., & McKaughan, D. J. (2014) · Philosophy of Science · doi:10.1086/674345 · Cited by 222 · see citing works
Scientific understanding: philosophical perspectives
(2010) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.47-4980 · Cited by 221 · see citing works
Representing Student Argumentation as Functionally Emergent From Scientific Activity
Manz, E. (2014) · Review of Educational Research · doi:10.3102/0034654314558490 · Cited by 220 · see citing works
FORD, M. J. (2015) · Science Education · doi:10.1002/sce.21188 · Cited by 218 · see citing works
Developing post-normal technologies for sustainability
Frame, B., & Brown, J. A. (2007) · Ecological Economics · doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2007.11.010 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
Learners' epistemic criteria for good scientific models
Pluta, W. J., Chinn, C. A., & Duncan, R. G. (2011) · Journal of Research in Science Teaching · doi:10.1002/tea.20415 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
‘Grasp of Practice’ as a Reasoning Resource for Inquiry and Nature of Science Understanding
Ford, M. (2006) · Science & Education · doi:10.1007/s11191-006-9045-7 · Cited by 214 · see citing works
Epistemic Values and the Argument from Inductive Risk
Steel, D. P. (2010) · Philosophy of Science · doi:10.1086/650206 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
Knowledge Production through Critical GIS: Genealogy and Prospects
Sheppard, E. (2005) · Cartographica The International Journal for Geographic Information and Geovisualization · doi:10.3138/gh27-1847-qp71-7tp7 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
The 21st century challenge for science education: Assessing scientific reasoning
Osborne, J. F. (2013) · Thinking Skills and Creativity · doi:10.1016/j.tsc.2013.07.006 · Cited by 220 · see citing works
Evagorou, M., Erduran, S., & Mäntylä, T. (2015) · International Journal of STEM Education · doi:10.1186/s40594-015-0024-x · Cited by 207 · see citing works
A Dialogic Account of Sense-Making in Scientific Argumentation and Reasoning
Ford, M. J. (2012) · Cognition and Instruction · doi:10.1080/07370008.2012.689383 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
Why and how to embrace AI such as ChatGPT in your academic life
Lin, Z. (2023) · Royal Society Open Science · doi:10.1098/rsos.230658 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
Why and how to embrace AI such as ChatGPT in your academic life
Lin, Z. (2023) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/sdx3j · Cited by 202 · see citing works
Understanding U.S. public support for domestic climate change policies
Shwom, R., Bidwell, D., Dan, A., & Dietz, T. M. (2010) · Global Environmental Change · doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2010.02.003 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Kuhn's Evolutionary Social Epistemology
Wray, K. B. (2011) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511997990 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Repertoires: A post-Kuhnian perspective on scientific change and collaborative research
Ankeny, R. A., & Leonelli, S. (2016) · Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A · doi:10.1016/j.shpsa.2016.08.003 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Reconsidering the Character and Role of Inquiry in School Science: Analysis of a Conference
Grandy, R. E., & Duschl, R. A. (2006) · Science & Education · doi:10.1007/s11191-005-2865-z · Cited by 182 · see citing works
The Implications of the New Materialisms for Feminist Epistemology
Frost, S. (2011) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-6835-5_4 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
Provincializing Critical Urban Theory: Extending the Ecosystem of Possibilities
Helga Leitner, A., & Sheppard, E. (2015) · International Journal of Urban and Regional Research · doi:10.1111/1468-2427.12277 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
Philosophy and Climate Science
Winsberg, E. B. (2018) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108164290 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
Geographical political economy
Sheppard, E. S. (2010) · Journal of Economic Geography · doi:10.1093/jeg/lbq049 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Douglas, H. (2013) · Philosophy of Science · doi:10.1086/673716 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
The Premise and Promise of Indigenous Archaeology
Colwell, C., Ferguson, T. J., Lippert, D., McGuire, R. H., Nicholas, G., Watkins, J. E., & Zimmerman, L. J. (2010) · American Antiquity · doi:10.7183/0002-7316.75.2.228 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Values and Uncertainties in the Predictions of Global Climate Models
Winsberg, E. B. (2012) · Kennedy Institute of Ethics journal · doi:10.1353/ken.2012.0008 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
Revisiting Discovery and Justification
Schickore, J., & Steinle, F. (2006) · Kluwer Academic Publishers eBooks · doi:10.1007/1-4020-4251-5 · Cited by 256 · see citing works
When is consensus knowledge based? Distinguishing shared knowledge from mere agreement
Miller, B. (2012) · Synthese · doi:10.1007/s11229-012-0225-5 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Education for a “Post-Truth” World: New Directions for Research and Practice
Chinn, C. A., Barzilai, S., & Duncan, R. G. (2021) · Educational Researcher · doi:10.3102/0013189x20940683 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Thinking Geographically: Globalizing Capitalism and Beyond
Sheppard, E. (2015) · Annals of the Association of American Geographers · doi:10.1080/00045608.2015.1064513 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Furtak, E., & Penuel, W. (2018) · Science Education · doi:10.1002/sce.21488 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Christodoulou, A., & Osborne, J. F. (2014) · Journal of Research in Science Teaching · doi:10.1002/tea.21166 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
JUSTIFIED BELIEF IN A DIGITAL AGE: ON THE EPISTEMIC IMPLICATIONS OF SECRET INTERNET TECHNOLOGIES
Miller, B., & Record, I. (2013) · Episteme · doi:10.1017/epi.2013.11 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Lewandowsky, S., Cook, J., & Lloyd, E. (2018) · Synthese · doi:10.1007/s11229-016-1198-6 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Values in Science beyond Underdetermination and Inductive Risk
Brown, M. J. (2013) · Philosophy of Science · doi:10.1086/673720 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Tuomela, R. (2004) · Episteme · doi:10.3366/epi.2004.1.2.109 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Geographical relational poverty studies
Elwood, S. A., Lawson, V., & Sheppard, E. (2016) · Progress in Human Geography · doi:10.1177/0309132516659706 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Kwan, M., & Schwanen, T. (2016) · Annals of the American Association of Geographers · doi:10.1080/24694452.2015.1123067 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Intemann, K. (2009) · Social Epistemology · doi:10.1080/02691720903364134 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Miller, B. (2020) · Science Technology & Human Values · doi:10.1177/0162243919900965 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Knowledge in Sustainable Rural Development: From Forms of Knowledge to Knowledge Processes
Bruckmeier, K., & Tovey, H. (2008) · Sociologia Ruralis · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9523.2008.00466.x · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Duncan, R. G., Chinn, C. A., & Barzilai, S. (2018) · Journal of Research in Science Teaching · doi:10.1002/tea.21468 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Reintroducing Prediction to Explanation
Douglas, H. (2009) · Philosophy of Science · doi:10.1086/648111 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Scientific and lay communities: earning epistemic trust through knowledge sharing
Grasswick, H. E. (2010) · Synthese · doi:10.1007/s11229-010-9789-0 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
A Plurality of Pluralisms: Collaborative Practice in Archaeology
Wylie, A. (2015) · Boston studies in the philosophy of science · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-14349-1_10 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Personal interviews in cultural consumer research – post‐structuralist challenges
Moisander, J. K., Valtonen, A., & Hirsto, H. (2009) · Consumption Markets & Culture · doi:10.1080/10253860903204519 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Cizek, G. (2012) · Psychological methods · doi:10.1037/a0026975 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Dialogic framing of scientific content for conceptual and epistemic understanding
Ford, M. J., & Wargo, B. M. (2011) · Science Education · doi:10.1002/sce.20482 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Mirowski, P. (2004) · Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A · doi:10.1016/j.shpsa.2003.11.002 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Making Open Science Work for Science and Society
Elliott, K. C., & Resnik, D. B. (2019) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp4808 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Ghost Marketing: Pharmaceutical Companies and Ghostwritten Journal Articles
Moffatt, B., & Elliott, C. (2007) · Perspectives in biology and medicine · doi:10.1353/pbm.2007.0009 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Progress and challenges in coupled hydrodynamic-ecological estuarine modeling
Ganju, N., Brush, M., Rashleigh, B., Aretxabaleta, A., del Barrio, P. D., Grear, J., Harris, L., Lake, S., McCardell, G., O'Donnell, J., et al. (2015) · Estuaries and Coasts · doi:10.1007/s12237-015-0011-y · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Environmental issues: global natures in the space of assemblage
Braun, B. (2006) · Progress in Human Geography · doi:10.1177/0309132506070180 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
State of the field: Transient underdetermination and values in science
Biddle, J. B. (2012) · Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A · doi:10.1016/j.shpsa.2012.09.003 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
From Science Studies to Scientific Literacy: A View from the Classroom
Allchin, D. (2014) · Science & Education · doi:10.1007/s11191-013-9672-8 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
“From Her Side of the Gossamer Wall(s)”: Reflexivity and Relational Knowing
Doucet, A. (2007) · Qualitative Sociology · doi:10.1007/s11133-007-9090-9 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Constructing free trade: from Manchester boosterism to global management
Sheppard, E. (2005) · Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers · doi:10.1111/j.1475-5661.2005.00158.x · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Agnew, J. A. (2006) · Progress in Human Geography · doi:10.1191/0309132506ph587xx · Cited by 117 · see citing works
The cultural side of science communication
Medin, D. L., & Bang, M. (2014) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1317510111 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Inconsistency, Asymmetry, and Non-Locality
Frisch, M. (2005) · doi:10.1093/0195172159.001.0001 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Wray, K. B. (2007) · Social Epistemology · doi:10.1080/02691720701674288 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Risk, diagnostic error, and the clinical science of consciousness
Peterson, A. H., Cruse, D., Naçi, L., Weijer, C., & Owen, A. M. (2015) · NeuroImage Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2015.02.008 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Three Problems with Big Data and Artificial Intelligence in Medicine
Chin-Yee, B. H., & Upshur, R. E. G. (2019) · Perspectives in biology and medicine · doi:10.1353/pbm.2019.0012 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Biddle, J. B., & Leuschner, A. (2015) · European Journal for Philosophy of Science · doi:10.1007/s13194-014-0101-x · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Wray, K. B. (2018) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108231633 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Thomm, E., & Bromme, R. (2011) · Science Education · doi:10.1002/sce.20480 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Who Contributes Knowledge? Core-Periphery Tension in Online Innovation Communities
Safadi, H., Johnson, S. L., & Faraj, S. A. (2020) · Organization Science · doi:10.1287/orsc.2020.1364 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Doing Archaeology as a Feminist: Introduction
Wylie, A. (2007) · Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory · doi:10.1007/s10816-007-9034-4 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Maloy, J. P., Kwapisz, M., & Hughes, B. (2022) · CBE—Life Sciences Education · doi:10.1187/cbe.21-05-0136 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Values and Objectivity in Science: Value-Ladenness, Pluralism and the Epistemic Attitude
CARRIER, M. J. (2012) · Science & Education · doi:10.1007/s11191-012-9481-5 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
The Social Dimensions of Scientific Knowledge
Miller, B. (2024) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108588782 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
- Authors
- Longino, H. E.
- Corresponding author
- Longino, Helen E.
- ORCID
- Longino, Helen E.
- Venue
- Princeton University Press eBooks
- Publisher
- Princeton University Press
- Published
- 2002-12-31
- OpenAlex
- W1559582138
- Cited by
- 1,622
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 141 · 2025: 133 · 2024: 67 · 2023: 64 · 2022: 70 · 2021: 66 · 2020: 87 · 2019: 59 · 2018: 104 · 2017: 54 · 2016: 66 · 2015: 78 · 2014: 68 · 2013: 62 · 2012: 59
- FWCI
- 70.28
- Type
- book
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Princeton University Press eBooks (publishedVersion)
- Project Muse (Johns Hopkins University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Epistemology, Ethics, and Metaphysics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Feminist Epistemology and Gender Studies
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Education, Politics, and Culture Studies
- Keywords
- social studies of science, knowledge socialization, philosophy of science, epistemology, local epistemologies, pluralism, sociology of knowledge
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
