Science as Social Knowledge: Values and Objectivity in Scientific Inquiry

In the citing paper

“Likewise, authoritative knowledge emerges through organized critical scrutiny and communal validation rather than expertise alone [22].”

In the citing paper

“Knowledge acquires legitimacy by passing through institutional processes of review, debate, and revision.”

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“Longino's [22] social epistemology argues that epistemic authority emerges through organized criticism, peer evaluation, and communal scrutiny rather than through expertise alone.”

In the citing paper

“Across the generative pipeline, successive transformations from cultural corpora to datasets, from datasets to base models, and from base models to instruction-tuned systems enact epistemic and normative boundaries that delimit what forms of meaning become legible, what interpretive options are foregrounded, and which traditions of validation remain visible or are displaced [11,17,22].”

In the citing paper

“Expertise is therefore a necessary but insufficient condition for authority.”

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“This separation reflects Longino's [22] model of epistemic communities, in which reliability emerges through structured critical interaction.”

In the citing paper

“Longino's [22] model of epistemic communities and Serres's [35] notion of quasi-objects are relevant here: interpretive artefacts circulate within collectives, generating authority through structured participation rather than individual assertion.”

In the citing paper

“Rather than locating legitimacy in model behavior or output quality, the framework situates it in publicly inspectable practices of disclosure, review, and validation that organize how interpretive claims are produced, circulated, and authorized [11,22].”

In the citing paper

“Because scientific theories, hypotheses, and models are based on human perceptual categories, concepts, and assumptions, bias-free research is not possible [121, 125, 137].”

In the citing paper

“Third, during the data-interpretation stage researchers make variousassumptions based on interpretive frameworks, analytical tools, concepts, and background theories (Elliott et al 2016, Longino 1990).”

In the citing paper

“However, if an individual possesses too little background knowledge, he or she will not even be able to understand that the anomalous data are anomalous (cf.Lijnse, 1990;Longino, 1990).”