Oxidative Nerve Cell Death in Alzheimers Disease and Stroke: Antioxidants as Neuroprotective Compounds
Abstract
Many neurodegenerative disorders and syndromes are associated with an excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress. The pathways to nerve cell death induced by diverse potential neurotoxins such as peptides, excitatory amino acids, cytokines or synthetic drugs commonly share oxidative downstream processes, which can cause either an acute oxidative destruction or activate secondary events leading to apoptosis. The pathophysiological role of ROS has been intensively studied in in vitro and in vivo models of chronic neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and of syndromes associated with rapid nerve cell loss as occuring in stroke. In AD, oxidative neuronal cell dysfunction and cell death caused by protofibrils and aggregates of the AD-associated amyloid beta protein (Abeta) may causally contribute to pathogenesis and progression. ROS and reactive nitrogen species also take part in the complex cascade of events and the detrimental effects occuring during ischemia and reperfusion in stroke. Direct antioxidants such as chain-breaking free radical scavengers can prevent oxidative nerve cell death. Although there is ample experimental evidence demonstrating neuroprotective activities of direct antioxidants in vitro, the clinical evidence for antioxidant compounds to act as protective drugs is relatively scarce. Here, the neuroprotective potential of antioxidant phenolic structures including alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E) and 17beta-estradiol (estrogen) in vitro is summarized. In addition, the antioxidant and cytoprotective activities of lipophilic tyrosine- and tryptophan-containing structures are discussed. Finally, an outlook is given on the neuroprotective potential of aromatic amines and imines, which may comprise novel lead structures for antioxidant drug design.
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Oxidation processes have an impact on the unsaturated fatty acid chain of membrane phospholipids, causing cell lysis.
“Finally, they have an impact on the unsaturated fatty acids chain of membrane phospholipids, causing cell lysis [116,117,118].”
From Multi-Target Mechanisms of Phytochemicals in Alzheimer’s Disease: Effects on Oxidative Stress, Neuroinflammation and Protein Aggregation (2022) · cites this paper as [116]
ROS are postulated to be the main cause of neurological deterioration, triggering pathologies such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease.
“ROS have been postulated to be the main cause of neurological deterioration, triggering pathologies such as AD, Parkinson’s disease (PD), and Huntington’s disease (HD) [72,116,124].”
From Multi-Target Mechanisms of Phytochemicals in Alzheimer’s Disease: Effects on Oxidative Stress, Neuroinflammation and Protein Aggregation (2022) · cites this paper as [116]
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Promotion of oxidative stress by l-tryptophan in cerebral cortex of rats
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All-Diamond Microfiber Electrodes for Neurochemical Analysis
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Vitamin E affects cell death in adult rat dentate gyrus
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SILKWORM PUPAE PROTECT AGAINST ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE
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- Authors
- Behl, C., & Moosmann, B.
- Affiliations
- Max Planck Society (DE)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Biological Chemistry
- Publisher
- Walter de Gruyter GmbH
- Published
- 2002-01-12
- Volume
- 383
- Issue
- 3-4
- Pages
- 521-36
- ISSN
- 1431-6730 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2033900283
- Cited by
- 203
- References
- 126
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 1.68
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Biological Chemistry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neurological Disorders and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
- Keywords
- Alzheimer's disease, stroke, reactive oxygen species, oxidative stress, antioxidants, neuroprotection, amyloid-beta, ischemia-reperfusion injury, alpha-tocopherol, vitamin E, estradiol, estrogen, aromatic amines, imines, apoptosis
- MeSH terms
- Alzheimer Disease, Animals, Antioxidants, Humans, Cell Death, Oxidative Stress, Neurodegenerative Diseases, Stroke
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