Mechanisms of liver disease: cross-talk between the NF-κB and JNK pathways
Open accessAbstract
The liver plays a central role in the transformation and degradation of endogenous and exogenous chemicals, and in the removal of unwanted cells such as damaged, genetically mutated and virus-infected cells. Because of this function, the liver is susceptible to toxicity caused by the products generated during these natural occurrences. Hepatocyte death is the major feature of liver injury. In response to liver injury, specific intracellular processes are initiated to maintain liver integrity. Inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)alpha and interleukin-6 (IL-6) are key mediators of these processes and activate different cellular response such as proliferation, survival and death. TNFalpha induces specific signaling pathways in hepatocytes that lead to activation of either pro-survival mediators or effectors of cell death. Whereas activation of transcription factor NF-kappaB promotes survival, c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs) and caspases are strategic effectors of cell death in the TNFalpha-mediated signaling pathway. This review summarizes recent advances in the mechanisms of TNFalpha-induced hepatotoxicity and suggests that NF-kappaB plays a protective role against JNK-induced hepatocyte death. Identification of the mechanisms regulating interplay between the NF-kappaB and JNK pathways is required in the search for novel targets for the treatment of liver disease, including hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma.
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NF-κB inhibits hepatocyte apoptosis and accelerates liver regeneration by promoting pro-survival and anti-apoptotic genes.
“Studies have demonstrated that NF-κB inhibits hepatocyte apoptosis and accelerates LR by promoting the expression of pro-survival and anti-apoptotic genes[54].”
From Liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy: Triggers and mechanisms (2025) · cites this paper as [54]
The Introduction says NF-κB protects hepatocytes from apoptosis through expression of anti-apoptotic genes, and the ‘NF-κB in liver regeneration’ section reports a role in hepatocyte survival and proliferation after partial hepatectomy. It does not establish that NF-κB accelerates liver regeneration through those genes; that section also notes a study in which deleting IKKβ in hepatocytes accelerated proliferation. Page numbers were not supplied. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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Retracted
- Authors
- Papa, S., Bubici, C., Zazzeroni, F., & Franzoso, G.
- Affiliations
- Imperial College London (GB)
- University of L'Aquila (IT)
- Venue
- bchm
- Publisher
- Walter de Gruyter GmbH
- Published
- 2009-07-30
- Volume
- 390
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 965-976
- ISSN
- 1431-6730 (ISSN-L)
- 1437-4315
- PMC
- PMC2775491
- OpenAlex
- W110144856
- Cited by
- 156
- References
- 86
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 1.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Biological Chemistry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca - Università degli Studi dell Aquila (submittedVersion)
- Spiral (Imperial College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Cancer Research UK (C26587-A8839)
- National Cancer Institute (CA98583, CA84040, R01CA098583, R01CA084040)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hepatology › Liver physiology and pathology
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmacology › Drug-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Protection
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › NF-κB Signaling Pathways
- Keywords
- NF-κB signaling, JNK signaling, TNF-α, hepatocyte death, liver injury, hepatotoxicity, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, caspases, interleukin-6, inflammatory cytokines, hepatocyte viability, hepatitis, hepatocellular carcinoma, signaling crosstalk
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cell Physiological Phenomena, Hepatitis, Carcinoma, Hepatocellular, Humans, Liver Diseases, Signal Transduction, NF-kappa B, JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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